970. Antibiotic Use Variability Among US Nursing Homes—2016

Abstract Background Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in nursing homes (NH). National data describing facility-level antibiotic use (AU) in NH are lacking. The objectives of this analysis were to use NH electronic health records (EHR) to describe AU in NH and variability in AU rates across NH. Methods We analyzed antibiotic orders for 309,884 residents in 1,664 US NHs using one EHR company in 2016. We calculated AU rates as antibiotic days-of-therapy (DOT) per 1,000 resident-days and compared by the type of stay (short-stay (SS) ≤ 100 days vs. long-stay (LS) >100 days). We also examined prescribing indications and the duration of nursing home-initiated antibiotic orders. We assessed facility-level correlates of AU using resident health and NH facility characteristics publically available through NH Compare and LTCfocus using a univariate linear regression. Results In 2016, 57% of NH residents received at least one systemic antibiotic; overall rate of AU was 90 DOT/1,000 resident-days. The median facility-level AU rate was 64 DOT/1,000 resident-days (IQR 36–104). The median proportion of SS residents at a facility was 74% (IQR 60–84%). The SS and LS AU rates were 241 DOT/1,000 resident-days (IQR 173–342) and 24 DOT/1,000 resident-days (IQR 14–37), respectively. Overall, the three most common antibiotic classes prescribed were fluoroquinolones (18%), cephalosporins (18%), and extended-spectrum β-lactams (10%). Antibiotics were most frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections, and the mean duration of an antibiotic order was 9 days (range 1–365). Higher facility AU rate correlated positively with the following facility characteristics; proportion of SS residents, urban location, proportion of residents with mild cognitive impairment and lower activities of daily living scores, presence of ventilator beds, proportion of LS residents with urinary catheters or pressure ulcers, facility case-mix index, and not-for-profit ownership and multiorganization facilities. Conclusion Significant variability in NH AU rates exist, and SS residents have higher AU rates. Identifying NH with high rates of AU after adjusting for facility-level predictors of AU may identify opportunities for targeting efforts to improve prescribing practices. Disclosures All Authors: No reported Disclosures.

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Description of antibiotic use variability among US nursing homes using electronic health record data

Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ash.2021.207 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Kabbani ◽

Stanley W. Wang ◽

Laura L. Ditz ◽

Katryna A. Gouin ◽

Danielle Palms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Nursing Homes ◽

Electronic Health Record ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Health Record ◽

Short Stay ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Electronic Health ◽

Facility Level ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in nursing homes; national data describing facility-level antibiotic use are lacking. The objective of this analysis was to describe variability in antibiotic use in nursing homes across the United States using electronic health record orders. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of antibiotic orders for 309,884 residents in 1,664 US nursing homes in 2016 were included in the analysis. Antibiotic use rates were calculated as antibiotic days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 resident days and were compared by type of stay (short stay ≤100 days vs long stay >100 days). Prescribing indications and the duration of nursing home-initiated antibiotic orders were described. Facility-level correlations of antibiotic use, adjusting for resident health and facility characteristics, were assessed using multivariate linear regression models. Results: In 2016, 54% of residents received at least 1 systemic antibiotic. The overall rate of antibiotic use was 88 DOT per 1,000 resident days. The 3 most common antibiotic classes prescribed were fluoroquinolones (18%), cephalosporins (18%), and urinary anti-infectives (9%). Antibiotics were most frequently prescribed for urinary tract infections, and the median duration of an antibiotic course was 7 days (interquartile range, 5–10). Higher facility antibiotic use rates correlated positively with higher proportions of short-stay residents, for-profit ownership, residents with low cognitive performance, and having at least 1 resident on a ventilator. Available facility-level characteristics only predicted a small proportion of variability observed (Model R2 version 0.24 software). Conclusions: Using electronic health record orders, variability was found among US nursing-home antibiotic prescribing practices, highlighting potential opportunities for targeted improvement of prescribing practices.

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1020. Variations in inpatient and outpatient antibiotic use – opportunities for improvement and facility-level feedback

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.884 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S359-S359

Author(s):

Matthew B Goetz ◽

Christopher J Graber ◽

Makoto M Jones ◽

Karl Madaras-Kelly ◽

Sarah Y Youn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Use ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Drug Classes ◽

Days Of Therapy ◽

Medical Facilities ◽

Facility Level ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Hospital Days ◽

Local Antibiotic

Abstract Background Participation in the Antibiotic Use (AU) option of the National Health Safety Network (NHSN), provides medical facilities with the Standardized Antibiotic Administration Ratio (SAAR), a normalized ratio of facility antibiotic use. However, the range of antibiotic use by similar facilities is not provided and thus the opportunity to “nudge” behavior by comparing use with “best facilities” is lost. We developed reports of variations of antibiotic use that allow comparisons of local antibiotic use with that of 107 other VA facilities. Methods Data for 2018 were extracted from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse. Antibiotic use in CY2018 on acute inpatient care units was assessed as days of therapy (using CDC-defined drug classes) per 1000 days-present. In addition, we assessed the proportion of patients with pneumonia, urinary tract infections or skin-soft-tissue infections (collectively, PUS) who received anti-MRSA therapy or ß-lactam therapy directed against multi-drug-resistant and hospital GNR (anti-MDRGNR) during hospital days 0–2 (CHOICE, a timeframe representing empiric therapy). Results Rates of total antibiotic use by VA facility varied over two-fold from 460 to 965 days of therapy (DOT)/1000 days-present (DP); anti-MRSA and anti-MDRGNR varied over four-fold, from 44 to 184 and, 55 to 262, respectively. Fluoroquinolone variation was even higher, ranging over 8-fold, from 17 to 145 DOT/1000 DP (Figure 1). Substantial variations were also observed in the frequency of administration of anti-MRSA and anti-MDRGNR therapy for PUS during CHOICE (14 to 49% and 15 to 65%, respectively; Figure 2). Conclusion The large variations in the use of total antibiotic therapy, anti-MRSA, anti-MDRGNR and fluoroquinolone therapies are greater than can be readily explained by known variations in antibiotic resistance or differences in case-mix within the VA. Efforts are underway in the VA to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs. In other work, we have shown improvements in antimicrobial use among sites that have access to reports that provide the data described herein and that participate in group collaboratives. Our group is now making these data available to all VA facilities. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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2051. Frequency of Inappropriate Antibiotic Prescribing in Nursing Homes

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1731 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S691-S691

Author(s):

Chitra Kanchagar ◽

Brie N Noble ◽

Christopher Crnich ◽

Jessina C McGregor ◽

David T Bearden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Term Care ◽

Antibiotic Overuse ◽

For Profit ◽

Memory Care ◽

Minimum Criteria

Abstract Background Antibiotics are among the most prescribed medications in nursing homes (NHs). The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant and C. Difficile infections due to antibiotic overuse has driven the requirement for NHs to establish antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs). However, estimates of the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in NHs have varied considerably between studies. We evaluated the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing in a multi-state sample of NHs. Methods We utilized a retrospective, (20%) random sample of residents of 17 for-profit NHs in Oregon, California, and Nevada who received antibiotics between January 1, 2017 and May 31, 2018. Study NHs ranged in size from 50 to 188 beds and offered services including subacute care, long-term care, ventilator care, and Alzheimer’s/memory care. Data were collected from residents’ electronic medical records. Antibiotic appropriateness was defined using Loeb Minimum Criteria for initiation of antibiotics for residents with indications for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), urinary tract infection (UTI) and skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI). Residents with other types of infections were excluded from the study. Results Among 232 antibiotic prescriptions reviewed, 61% (141/232) were initiated in the NH. Of these, 65% were for female residents and 81% were for residents above the age of 65. Nearly 70% (98/141) of antibiotic prescriptions were for an indication of an LRTI, UTI, or SSTI of which 51% (57% of LRTIs, 52% of UTIs, and 35% of SSTIs) did not meet the Loeb Minimum Criteria and were determined to be inappropriate. Among antibiotics that did not meet the Loeb Minimum Criteria, more than half were cephalosporins (40%) or fluoroquinolones (14%) and the median (interquartile range) duration of therapy was 7 (5–10) days. Conclusion These data from a multi-state sample of NHs suggest the continued need for improvement in antibiotic prescribing practices and the importance of ASPs in NHs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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An Assessment of Inappropriate Antibiotic Use and Guideline Adherence for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofy198 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Michael J Durkin ◽

Matthew Keller ◽

Anne M Butler ◽

Jennie H Kwon ◽

Erik R Dubberke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background In 2011, The Infectious Diseases Society of America released a clinical practice guideline (CPG) that recommended short-course antibiotic therapy and avoidance of fluoroquinolones for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Recommendations from this CPG were rapidly disseminated to clinicians via review articles, UpToDate, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website; however, it is unclear if this CPG had an impact on national antibiotic prescribing practices. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of outpatient and emergency department visits within a commercial insurance database between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2013. We included nonpregnant women aged 18–44 years who had an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code for a UTI with a concurrent antibiotic prescription. We performed interrupted time series analyses to determine the impact of the CPG on the appropriateness of the antibiotic agent and duration. Results We identified 654 432 women diagnosed with UTI. The patient population was young (mean age, 31 years) and had few comorbidities. Fluoroquinolones, nonfirstline agents, were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class both before and after release of the guidelines (45% vs 42%). Wide variation was observed in the duration of treatment, with >75% of prescriptions written for nonrecommended treatment durations. The CPG had minimal impact on antibiotic prescribing behavior by providers. Conclusions Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing is common for the treatment of UTIs. The CPG was not associated with a clinically meaningful change in national antibiotic prescribing practices for UTIs. Further interventions are necessary to improve outpatient antibiotic prescribing for UTIs.

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1116. Impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Incentive Goals for Pharmacists on Overall Antibiotic Use and Appropriate Duration of Therapy in Urinary Tract Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.980 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S397-S397

Author(s):

Matthew A Miller ◽

Mattie Huffman ◽

Nichole Neville ◽

Misha Huang ◽

Gerard Barber

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽

Group Performance ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Medical Center ◽

Academic Medical Center ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Days Of Therapy ◽

Essential Resource ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Urinary tract (UTI), skin and soft tissue, and respiratory infections are among the most frequently reported indications for antibiotics, such that focusing stewardship efforts here would expectedly have dramatic effects. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs vary in structure and available resources. At the University of Colorado Hospital, a 740-bed academic medical center, dedicated resources for AMS are limited to a pharmacist, pharmacy resident, and physician; however, there is a large clinical pharmacist group. For the past 2 years, pharmacy management incorporated AMS targets as group goals tied to performance bonuses. Methods This is a descriptive report utilizing incentives to achieve AMS goals. The first goal (July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017) set out to reduce inpatient antibiotic use by 10%. The second goal (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018) was a 10% reduction in median antibiotic duration for UTIs. The AMS team provided guidelines, education, and oversight throughout target periods. Antibiotic use was calculated as days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days. Data related to UTI treatment was collected retrospectively on a quarterly basis. This was compared with baseline data previously collected during a statewide hospital stewardship collaborative project. Results During the first period, overall antibiotic use declined from 497 to 403 DOT per 1000 patient-days (18.9%), and broad-spectrum antibiotic use declined 22%. During the second period, 30 patient charts were reviewed quarterly, and the median UTI duration declined from 10 to 7 days (P = 0.002). The most common UTI diagnoses were similar between periods with complicated cystitis and pyelonephritis comprising 60–70% of cases. The 30-day readmission rate was not different between the baseline and goal period, 11% vs. 6% respectively (P = 0.18). Conclusion The use of group pharmacist goals tied to annual performance bonuses was effective in achieving AMS goals at our institution. In larger facilities with fewer dedicated AMS personnel, clinical pharmacists covering ward and intensive care units are an essential resource to achieving AMS goals. Group performance incentives may be a feasible strategy to generate interest and motivation to achieve AMS program goals. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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National trends in the treatment of urinary tract infections among Veterans’ Affairs Community Living Center residents

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2019.204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1087-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Haley J. Appaneal ◽

Aisling R. Caffrey ◽

Vrishali V. Lopes ◽

Christopher J. Crnich ◽

David M. Dosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Veterans Affairs ◽

Community Living ◽

Days Of Therapy ◽

Community Living Centers ◽

Tract Infections ◽

National Trends ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Culture Negative

AbstractObjective:To describe urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment among Veterans’ Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLCs) nationally and to assess related trends in antibiotic use.Design:Descriptive study.Setting and participants:All UTI episodes treated from 2013 through 2017 among residents in 110 VA CLCs. UTI episodes required collection of a urine culture, antibiotic treatment, and a UTI diagnosis code. UTI episodes were stratified into culture-positive and culture-negative episodes.Methods:Frequency and rate of antibiotic use were assessed for all UTI episodes overall and were stratified by culture-positive and culture-negative episodes. Joinpoint software was used for regression analyses of trends over time.Results:We identified 28,247 UTI episodes in 14,983 Veterans. The average age of Veterans was 75.7 years, and 95.9% were male. Approximately half of UTI episodes (45.7%) were culture positive and 25.7% were culture negative. Escherichia coli was recovered in 34.1% of culture-positive UTI episodes, followed by Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spp, which were recovered in 24.5% and 17.4% of culture-positive UTI episodes, respectively. The rate of total antibiotic use in days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 bed days decreased by 10.1% per year (95% CI, −13.6% to −6.5%) and fluoroquinolone use (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin) decreased by 14.5% per year (95% CI, −20.6% to −7.8%) among UTI episodes overall. Similar reductions in rates of total antibiotic use and fluoroquinolone use were observed among culture-positive UTI episodes and among culture-negative UTI episodes.Conclusion:Over a 5-year period, antibiotic use for UTIs significantly decreased among VA CLCs, as did use of fluoroquinolones. Antibiotic stewardship efforts across VA CLCs should be applauded, and these efforts should continue.

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Inpatient antibiotic utilization in the Veterans’ Health Administration during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.1277 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thomas D. Dieringer ◽

Daisuke Furukawa ◽

Christopher J. Graber ◽

Vanessa W. Stevens ◽

Makoto M. Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Use ◽

Veterans Health Administration ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Veterans Health ◽

Health Administration ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Antibiotic Utilization ◽

Days Of Therapy

Abstract Antibiotic prescribing practices across the Veterans’ Health Administration (VA) experienced significant shifts during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. From 2015 to 2019, antibiotic use between January and May decreased from 638 to 602 days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 days present (DP), while the corresponding months in 2020 saw antibiotic utilization rise to 628 DOT per 1,000 DP.

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