Organic Matter in Framboids

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
David Rickard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Heterotrophic Microorganisms ◽  
Sedimentary Pyrite

Organic matter is intrinsically related to framboids since the sulfide in sedimentary pyrite is almost wholly the result of microbial sulfate reduction by mainly heterotrophic microorganisms. However, framboids do not represent fossil bacteria. The organic matter extracted from framboids tends to take on the form of the pyrite, rather than vice versa. The exact nature of this organic material is unknown. However, it appears that microbial biofilm may be an important contributor. Likewise, the organic residues from some framboids often appear similar to sulfur-rich organic geopolymers such as protokerogen. Most of the organic matter in framboids appears to be syngenetic with the framboids, and some framboids seem to have grown in organic substrates.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of microbial sulfate reduction in temperate intertidal surface sediments: controls by temperature and organic matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul M. Al-Raei ◽  
Katja Bosselmann ◽  
Michael E. Böttcher ◽  
Britta Hespenheide ◽  
Franz Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Intertidal Surface

Sediment diagenesis and porewater solute fluxes in acidic mine lakes: the impact of dissolved organic carbon additions

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. Read ◽  
Carolyn E. Oldham ◽  
Tiina Myllymäki ◽  
Matthias Koschorreck
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Solute Fluxes ◽  
Sediment Diagenesis ◽  
Sulfide Production ◽  
The Impact

Sediment diagenesis through microbial sulfate reduction is considered a critical process in the pH amelioration of acidic mine lakes, but is often limited by the availability of organic carbon. Organic substrates are therefore frequently added to mine lake sediments to stimulate sulfate reduction. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was added to sediment collected from three mine lakes, one (in Germany) with typically high concentrations of Fe and SO4 and another two (in Australia) with unusually low concentrations of Fe and SO4. After the DOC additions caused the dissolved oxygen concentrations in the overlying waters to fall below 50 μmol L–1, the sediment porewater at all sites progressed through the expected anaerobic respiration sequence. The paucity of Fe and SO4 in the Australian lakes did not appear to constrain microbial iron and sulfate reduction. Indeed, the low Fe concentrations appeared to promote microbial sulfate reduction in the Australian sites. In the German site, there was little evidence of sulfide production in the porewater and no changes in porewater pH profiles. In contrast, the sediment porewater from the two Australian sites exhibited sulfide production and increased porewater pH. Bioremediation of acidic lakes must consider the need to treat iron-rich water before attempting pH amelioration.

scholarly journals Arsenic binding to organic and inorganic sulfur species during microbial sulfate reduction: a sediment flow-through reactor experiment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raoul-Marie Couture ◽  
Dirk Wallschläger ◽  
Jérôme Rose ◽  
Philippe Van Cappellen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Arsenic Mobility ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Flow Through

Environmental context The use of water contaminated with arsenic for drinking and irrigation is linked to water and food borne diseases throughout the world. Although reducing conditions in soils and sediments are generally viewed as enhancing arsenic mobility in subsurface environments, we show they can actually promote As sequestration in the presence of reduced sulfur species and labile organic matter. We propose that sulfurisation of organic matter and subsequent binding of As to thiol groups may offer an innovative pathway for As remediation. Abstract Flow-through reactors (FTRs) were used to assess the mobility of arsenic under sulfate reducing conditions in natural, undisturbed lake sediments. The sediment slices in the FTRs were supplied continuously with inflow solutions containing sulfate and soluble AsIII or AsV and, after 3 weeks, also lactate. The experiment ran for a total of 8 weeks. The dissolved iron concentration, pH, redox potential (Eh), as well as aqueous As and sulfur speciation were monitored in the outflow solutions. In FTRs containing surface sediment enriched in labile organic matter (OM), microbial sulfate reduction led to an accumulation of organically bound S, as evidenced by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For these FTRs, the inflowing dissolved As concentration of 20μM was lowered by two orders of magnitude, producing outflow concentrations of 0.2μM monothioarsenate and 0.1μM arsenite. In FTRs containing sediment collected at greater depth, sulfide and zero-valent S precipitated as pyrite and elemental S, while steady-state outflow arsenite concentrations remained near 5μM. The observations thus suggest that As sequestration is enhanced when sediment OM buffers the free sulfide and zero-valent S concentrations. An updated conceptual model for the fate of As in the anoxic As–C–S–Fe system is presented based on the results of this study.

STIMULATING MICROBIAL SULFATE REDUCTION TO LOWER ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN GROUNDWATER

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Haller ◽  
◽  
Janet M. Paper ◽  
Michael Vega ◽  
Saugata Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction

Study of thermochemical sulfate reduction of different organic matter: Insight from systematic TSR simulation experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 434-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhao ◽  
Wenhui Liu ◽  
Tenger Borjigin ◽  
Jianyong Zhang ◽  
Houyong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction

scholarly journals Warming increases carbon and nutrient fluxes from sediments in streams across land use

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1193-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Duan ◽  
S. S. Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Sediment Fluxes ◽  
Urban Sites

Abstract. Rising water temperatures due to climate and land use change can accelerate biogeochemical fluxes from sediments to streams. We investigated impacts of increased streamwater temperatures on sediment fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and sulfate. Experiments were conducted at 8 long-term monitoring sites across land use (forest, agricultural, suburban, and urban) at the Baltimore Ecosystem Study Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Over 20 yr of routine water temperature data showed substantial variation across seasons and years. Lab incubations of sediment and overlying water were conducted at 4 temperatures (4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C) for 48 h. Results indicated: (1) warming significantly increased sediment DOC fluxes to overlying water across land use but decreased DOC quality via increases in the humic-like to protein-like fractions, (2) warming consistently increased SRP fluxes from sediments to overlying water across land use, (3) warming increased sulfate fluxes from sediments to overlying water at rural/suburban sites but decreased sulfate fluxes at some urban sites likely due to sulfate reduction, and (4) nitrate fluxes showed an increasing trend with temperature at some forest and urban sites but with larger variability than SRP. Sediment fluxes of nitrate, SRP and sulfate were strongly related to watershed urbanization and organic matter content. Using relationships of sediment fluxes with temperature, we estimate a 5 °C warming would increase mean sediment fluxes of SRP, DOC and nitrate-N across streams by 0.27–1.37 g m−2 yr−1, 0.03–0.14 kg m−2 yr−1, and 0.001–0.06 kg m−2 yr−1. Understanding warming impacts on coupled biogeochemical cycles in streams (e.g., organic matter mineralization, P sorption, nitrification, denitrification, and sulfate reduction) is critical for forecasting shifts in carbon and nutrient loads in response to interactive impacts of climate and land use change.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THREE SURFACE FRICTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Alessandro Rigotti ◽  
Adriano Menis Ferreira ◽  
Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ◽  
Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida ◽  
Odanir Garcia Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three surface friction techniques for the removal of organic material. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed to evaluate the presence or not of organic material before and after the cleaning and disinfection process of surfaces of bedside tables of patients hospitalized at an Intensive Care Unit. Three friction techniques were executed in the one-way, two-way and centrifugal sense, individually, three times on each table, during alternate weeks. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and three sides of cloth were used, moistened with 70% (w/v) alcohol. The organic matter was detected through the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, using 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before and 13 after the cleaning/disinfection process, totaling 78 samples of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence. No statistically significant difference was found among the removal techniques of organic matter. This study demonstrated that none of the three surface friction methods was better than the other to remove organic matter. Nevertheless, further research is needed in which other cleaning/disinfection indicators and surfaces are considered.

scholarly journals The Biodegradation of Soil Organic Matter in Soil-Dwelling Humivorous Fauna

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuliang Lou ◽  
Jianming Zhao ◽  
Xiangyang Lou ◽  
Xiejiang Xia ◽  
Yilu Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Ecological Success ◽  
Global Vegetation

Soil organic matter contains more carbon than global vegetation and the atmosphere combined. Gaining access to this source of organic carbon is challenging and requires at least partial removal of polyphenolic and/or soil mineral protections, followed by subsequent enzymatic or chemical cleavage of diverse plant polysaccharides. Soil-feeding animals make significant contributions to the recycling of terrestrial organic matter. Some humivorous earthworms, beetles, and termites, among others, have evolved the ability to mineralize recalcitrant soil organic matter, thereby leading to their tremendous ecological success in the (sub)tropical areas. This ability largely relies on their symbiotic associations with a diverse community of gut microbes. Recent integrative omics studies, including genomics, metagenomics, and proteomics, provide deeper insights into the functions of gut symbionts. In reviewing this literature, we emphasized that understanding how these soil-feeding fauna catabolize soil organic substrates not only reveals the key microbes in the intestinal processes but also uncovers the potential novel enzymes with considerable biotechnological interests.

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