A Theoretical Exploration of Turnout and Voting

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
Daron R. Shaw ◽  
John R. Petrocik
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Initial Report ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Groups

This chapter addresses the fundamental question of why people vote in elections. What affects their calculus? How much do these motivations create the unequal turnout rates observed among different social and political groups? The review informs the book’s initial report of how the decision to vote might (or might not) be related to partisan vote choice. Popular commentary in the media and academic literature, some of which has a reformist orientation, is assessed to provide a balanced portrait of what is known about the turnout bias. Particular attention is paid to political science research on the subject of turnout bias, including both normative and empirical works that yield little consensus.

British Politics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter John
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Politics And Law ◽  
Institutional Foundations

British Politics provides an introduction to British politics with an emphasis on political science to analyse the fundamental features of British politics, and the key changes post-Brexit. Part A looks at constitutional and institutional foundations of the subject. Chapters in this part look at leadership and debating politics and law creation. The second part is about political behaviour and citizenship. Here chapters consider elections, the media, agenda setting, and political turbulence. The final part is about policy-making and delegation. The chapters in this part examine interest groups, advocacy, policy-making, governing through bureaucracy and from below, delegating upwards, and British democracy now.

The Compound Effects of Candidate Race and Racial Resentment in US House Elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-325
Author(s):  
Isaac Hale
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Racial Attitudes ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
White Voters ◽  
Racial Resentment ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
To Receive

AbstractDespite the longstanding underrepresentation of blacks in Congress, political science research has not settled on the cause. While there is increasing evidence that racial attitudes affect vote choice in today's congressional elections, how this effect interacts with the race of the candidates is unknown. This study addresses this debate by analyzing novel survey, census, and candidate data from the Obama era of congressional elections (2010–2016) to test whether racially prejudiced attitudes held by whites decrease their likelihood of supporting black Democratic candidates and Democratic candidates as a whole. In line with theoretical predictions, this paper finds that Democratic House candidates are less likely to receive votes among white voters with strong racial resentment toward blacks, and black Democratic candidates fare even worse. These findings help to explain the persistence of black legislative underrepresentation and contribute to theories of partisan racial realignment.

Humanizar usuários de crack na pesquisa. Considerações sobre a Cracolândia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. e2871
Author(s):  
Ygor Alves ◽  
Pedro Gomes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Moral Panic ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Specific Part

This article is based on ethnographic research that has developed in the São Paulo region known as Cracolândia. Ethnographic accounts are added to the portion of academic literature on the subject, some news in the media and excerpts from conversations with visitors from that specific part of the neighborhood of Luz. Through them, we seek to make sense of a more human picture of the place and the people who have found a way of life there. We have come to know that people who use crack in that context cannot be scaled solely by their drug use; and that even Cracolândia can be perceived and experienced as a place full of joy and humanity, despite the moral panic surrounding crack.

scholarly journals Paradigmality in modern political science research: from interdisciplinarity to author conceptuality

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Tokovenko ◽  
Oleksii Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Professional Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Epistemology ◽  
Scientific Truth

The article discusses the discourse on the methodological foundations of political science research and the need to outline the existing paradigms of political science research, both in the temporal-retrospective dimension and in the dimension of the subject area. It is emphasized that the determinants of defining the value of paradigm in modern political science research is the prospect of acquiring scientific novelty at the stage of determining the research topic. The focus is on the need for a more thorough consideration of specific paradigmatic means of determining the methodological design of contemporary political science research. It is noted that on the basis of linguistic analysis of subject aspects of political science, one can easily see the multivariate interpretation of many essential concepts of the modern political sphere. It is argued that one can also see expansive interpretations of particular concepts and processes from a non-professional perspective. The importance of interdisciplinary natural science paradigms has been established. Attention is paid to identifying the possibility of forming a new conceptual apparatus, taking into account the concepts that have become widespread in the scientific environment. The role of the concept of "paradigm approach in modern political science" is revealed, which is aimed at understanding the peculiarities of considering political science subject within other scientific disciplines. It is proved that the leading task of paradigm as a discipline of political science is the formation of paradigmatic choice of young researcher. The peculiarities of searching for a scientist’s own «paradigm face» have been found. The ability to use the task of defining scientific novelty is emphasized to some extent. The specificity of choosing a paradigm vector of a researcher-political scientist with consideration of the requirements of interdisciplinarity is considered. The purpose of the article is to identify paradigm in political studies as a factor in the formation of authorial conceptualism against the backdrop of interdisciplinary imperatives. The purpose of the article is to highlight the main directions of paradigm and their correlation with modern political theories. It is proved that the choice of the paradigm vector of the researcher-political scientist is confronted with interdisciplinary, first of all philosophical meanings of cognition as a form of social activity. The idea that choosing one’s own paraligmal vector for a specialist political scientist is presented is important because of the need to overcome the Soviet and post-Soviet paradigmatic provinces. It turned out that the formation of the national paradigm of political science, which should be carried out only on condition that the fullest representation of all paradigm directions. The situation of paradigm choices and orientation of political scientist researcher in the world paradigm mainstream is revealed. The necessity of finding a researcher in the environment of those paradigms that give the most significant scientific result is proved. The article establishes that the combination of the universality of interdisciplinary paradigms and the optionality of paradigms for a particular political science study is carried out on the basis of a conceptual and categorical apparatus of political epistemology. It is argued that on the basis of the notion of "scientific truth (episteme)", the formation of the author’s own attitude to the subject of research and the prospect of solving his problem is carried out.

scholarly journals Volksdeutsche w dystrykcie lubelskim w ramach interpretacyjnych "Krakauer Zeitung "w latach 1939-1944

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (XXII) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Media Control ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vital Element

The framing process based on highlighting selected aspects of reality, and on attributing them with significance when disseminating particular ideologies, ideas, and values as a vital element in the media control over released content, is the subject of research at the intersection of media studies and political science. This article attempts to analyse framing with respect to articles published in “Krakauer Zeitung” between 1939 and 1944 and concerning Volksdeutsche in the Lublin District, i.e., to reconstruct the structure of portraying this group of people, aiming at presenting specified propa-ganda contents, and a unified interpretation and assessment of reality.

New Media and the Question of African Democracy

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Douai ◽  
Anthony A. Olorunnisola
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Media

This introductory chapter maps out the trajectory of democratization in Africa and how old and new forms of mass media remain embedded in these efforts. Drawing on decades of media and political science research, the authors argue that no genuine democracy may exist without a vibrant media environment. Democracy thrives on “transparency” and “difference,” and the media offer the platforms most suitable to ensure their existence and proliferation. The authors provide a theoretical grounding in order to further delineate the democracy media nexus, and review recent approaches to a systematic study of how communication technologies further or reverse the cause of social and political change. The authors conclude with a synoptic look at the important contributions published in this volume.

scholarly journals Can Academic Freedom Survive Performance Based Research Funding?

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Butler ◽  
Roderick Mulgan
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Funding Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Right

Academic Freedom is a largely under-explored right in the common law. Performance or Output Based Research Funding is a relative new phenomenon in regard to the distribution of Government money. Even though this research funding model has been the subject of educational, sociological and political science research, surprisingly little research has examined the implications for academic freedom. This article attempts to fill that lacuna. It examines the right to academic freedom in the context of New Zealand's Bill of Rights Act 1990, and whether or not output based research funding is a justifiable limitation on the right to freedom of academia protected by that Act.  

Handwriting Analysis and Personality Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Greasley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Handwriting Analysis ◽  
Recruitment Process ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Personnel Recruitment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Better Than

It has been estimated that graphology is used by over 80% of European companies as part of their personnel recruitment process. And yet, after over three decades of research into the validity of graphology as a means of assessing personality, we are left with a legacy of equivocal results. For every experiment that has provided evidence to show that graphologists are able to identify personality traits from features of handwriting, there are just as many to show that, under rigorously controlled conditions, graphologists perform no better than chance expectations. In light of this confusion, this paper takes a different approach to the subject by focusing on the rationale and modus operandi of graphology. When we take a closer look at the academic literature, we note that there is no discussion of the actual rules by which graphologists make their assessments of personality from handwriting samples. Examination of these rules reveals a practice founded upon analogy, symbolism, and metaphor in the absence of empirical studies that have established the associations between particular features of handwriting and personality traits proposed by graphologists. These rules guide both popular graphology and that practiced by professional graphologists in personnel selection.

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