Law, Violence, and Sexual Consent
This essay approaches the question of law and violence through the category of sexual consent, as it is articulated, interpreted and theorized in rape law in India. While the incorporation of an explicit definition of sexual consent has been seen as a feminist move in the criminal law in India, I argue that consent, being grounded in the liberal models of abstract individualism, is premised on an under-theorized conception of sexuality as well as ‘desire’. It is my claim that if law seeks to perform an ‘educative role’ and feminist legal scholarship and pedagogy is an attempt at an ‘uncoercive re-arrangement of desires’,i then we need to produce more nuanced accounts of the sexual and desiring subjects. The dominant frames of sex-negative and sex-positive feminisms may not offer us any insights into this and may inadvertently become complicit with legal violence in its foundational as well as interpretive moments. In this backdrop, I will argue that we need to push towards a more complex understanding of consent based on a more grounded theory of the subject at the centre of law and feminism which takes into account the complexities, contradictions, complicities, and violence that form human subjectivity, sexuality, and desire. The essay critically examines the definition of consent introduced in 2013 criminal law amendments and argues for a reading of sexual consent within a relational psychoanalytic framework that takes desire seriously.