Conclusions and Implications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Willem van Prooijen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Implications

This final chapter summarizes the main propositions and concludes that punishment originates from moral emotions, stimulates and sustains cooperation, and shapes the social life of humans both within and between groups. Punishment hence is a hardwired moral instinct that evolved to stimulate cooperation in small groups. The remainder of the chapter discusses the practical implications of these insights for public policy, courts of law, organizations, schools, sports, and any other setting that requires punishment to stimulate cooperation. The main implications are (1) when punishing, fairness is more successful than severity in establishing cooperation; (2) for punishment to be effective, one should discourage big egos and personal vendettas, and leave punishment up to independent third parties; (3) punishment is most effective if combined with restorative justice; and (4) one should try to avoid inter-group bias by relying on reason instead of emotions when assigning punishment.

Compassion and the criminal justice system: stumbling along towards a jurisprudence of love and forgiveness

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia J. A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Christian Ethic ◽  
The Social ◽  
God's Image ◽  
The Right

As the title suggests, Jeffrie G. Murphy's latest anthology of thirteen essays comprises an agglomeration of his thoughts on punishment and forgiveness along with the moral emotions of guilt, remorse, resentment, shame, love and jealousy. All were written and published in law and philosophy journals between 1999 and 2011, with the exception of the final chapter in which he returns to an earlier passion for Kant's moral, political and legal theory in relation to duelling, infanticide, shipwrecks and the right of necessity. Murphy's enduring commitment to the quasi-Kantian ideal of human dignity is articulated by reference to the social significance of a religious framework within which, he claims, it is possible to elucidate an appropriately moral vision of punishment for criminal justice decision-making. Although the investigation of moral emotions is not purported to deliver solutions in the form of a set of precise rules or principles capable of producing specific outcomes, he provides normative direction by an appeal to the core values which comprise the traditional Christian ethic of forgiveness. Because, according to Christianity, we are all created in God's image, there is resemblance between all human beings which means we are able to identify with the sentiments of others.

The Moral Punishment Instinct

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Willem van Prooijen
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nonhuman Animals

Across time and cultures, ranging from ancient hunter-gatherers, to holy scriptures, to contemporary courts of law, it has been common for people to punish offenders. Furthermore, punishment is not restricted to criminal offenders but emerges in all spheres of social life, including corporations, public institutions, traffic, sports matches, schools, and parenting. Why is punishment so ubiquitous? One cannot find a satisfactory explanation for the universality of punishment in the social science literature focusing on human morality in general. Punishment also occurs among nonhuman animals for which one can question their sense of morality, including rodents, fish, and insects. Apparently, there is something specific and unique about punishment that warrants a more focused discussion. This book proposes that people possess a moral punishment instinct, that is, a hard-wired tendency to aggress against those who violate the norms of the group. People evolved this instinct due to its power to control behavior by curbing selfishness and free-riding, thereby providing incentives to stimulate the mutual cooperation that small tribes of ancient hunter-gatherers needed to survive in a challenging natural environment. To examine this idea, the book describes how punishment originates from moral emotions, stimulates cooperation, and shapes the social life of human beings. Guided by many recognizable examples, the book illuminates how the moral punishment instinct manifests itself among nonhuman animals, children, cultures of modern humans, and tribes of hunter-gatherers, while accounting for the role of this instinct in religion, war, racial bias, restorative justice, gossip, torture, and radical terrorism.

Professions: Ethics, Politics and Public Policy

1981 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Mark S. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Special Privilege ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Power

Professions are increasingly central to any grasp of contemporary democratic societies. Their expertise in matters of vital public interest has gained them special privilege in the social order, including the authority to prescribe and police the rules which govern the application of specialized knowledge. This privileged autonomy is justified by the professions' claim that it is the sole source of competence to evaluate professional performance and is also sufficiently ethical to control deviant behavior. Of prime importance to students of politics and public policy is the exercise of professional power and its relation to the public interest, for at issue here is nothing less than the authoritative allocation of values within that slice of social life served by the professions.

Islam and capital, mortared by trust: the case of Sri Lanka

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta H. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Emergence Of Life ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to trace the history and legacy of Islamic finance (IF) in Sri Lanka in the context of the emergence of life finance. It tracks the social life of finance through a genealogy of trust and capital. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is qualitative. It is an extended case study using conversations, company documents and newspaper archival research. Findings Trust, transparency and ethics must be understood locally to have salience. The implicit effect of locally understood ideas of trust that have been built into the movement of capital (via ethical branding and transparency in IF, education and social awareness) can reconfigure relationships between communities in a country that has been ravaged by war. Research limitations/implications There have been few studies on IF in Sri Lanka; this study will enrich those offerings. However, they must be understood in relation to the emergence of life finance. Practical implications This study presents a new viewpoint on the relationship between finance and social well-being and new categories through which to understand finance. Social implications The implicit effect of locally understood ideas of trust which have been built into movements of capital (via ethical branding and transparency in IF, education, socially aware) can reconfigure relationships between communities in a country that has been ravaged by war. Originality/value There have been few studies on Islamic Finance in Sri Lanka; this study will enrich those offerings. But they must be understood in relation to the emergence of life-finance in South Asia.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Social Welfare Regime Model: The Case of Public Policy Toward Israeli Philanthropists

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Hanna Shaul Bar Nissim ◽  
Hillel Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formal Dialogue ◽  
Practical Implications

Following a study on the changing relations between government and philanthropy in Israel, this study highlights the need to rethink the typology of social welfare regimes proposed by Anheier and Daly (2007). The findings of our study indicate that there has been a rapprochement between government and philanthropy in Israel. This trend has led to formal dialogue and collaborations. This trend has also promoted the development of policies toward philanthropy in various government ministries and agencies. The development and implementation of these policies have been facilitated by changes in the unique contextual factors of Israel’s welfare regime. Based on the findings, we propose a conceptualization for understanding governmental policies toward philanthropy in shifting welfare regimes. With regard to the theoretical and practical implications of the study, we propose a model for hybrid welfare regimes that are experiencing ongoing changes.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

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