Letters from Sydney

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Ulas Ince
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Colonial Settlement ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
At Home

This chapter examines Wakefield’s political economic arguments and policy proposals for the colonial settlement of Australasia as a systematic solution to the demographic problems of overpopulation in Britain and underpopulation in Britain’s colonies. It is argued that Wakefield’s theory of “systematic colonization” aimed to protect the British capitalist civilization from social revolution at home and frontier barbarism in the colonies. Equating capitalist civilization with wage labor, Wakefield planned for the creation of a legally free yet structurally dependent colonial labor force. This would be achieved by imposing preemptive crown rights and artificially inflated prices on colonial lands, which would prevent poor emigrants from becoming landowners and force them to work for colonial capitalists. Cognizant of the illiberality of instituting colonial wage servitude by the imperial state, Wakefield fabricated a utilitarian myth of “contractual dispossession,” recasting systematic colonization and colonial proletarianization as the enforcement of an original “settler contract” among colonists.

scholarly journals Israel and the Middle East: The creation of a Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Antonella Colonna Vilasi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Debate

Abstract In order to properly study the foundation of a State, a paradigm of thought or any other organization, we should analyze the historical context which produced the conditions for this phenomenon to happen, in all its variables and components. The Jewish question cannot certainly be relegated only to the 20th century, but surely it was the century in which the cultural, political, economic, and social debate was the expression of a collective will to create a Nation and develop and transform it into a key country in the context of global geopolitics.

A Time to Regender: The Transformation of Roman Time

KronoScope ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Barden Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
First Century ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Roman Time ◽  
Roman Culture ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Representation Of Time

AbstractAt the end of the first century A.D., at the height of the Roman empire, a new abstract deity of eternal time, Aeternitas, appeared. This first discrete personification of abstract time was initially a female image represented on official coins and monuments, but in A.D. 121, a new male personification of eternal time appeared in imperial, state sponsored art. Both male and female depictions of eternal time were accompanied by a rich array of attributes that connected eternity, immortality, and earthly prosperity. This change in the image of time occurred simultaneously with tremendous changes in Roman culture: the creation of universal time keeping, the creation of elaborate beliefs in the afterlife, and transformations in Romans' expectations of life, lead to the embodiment of an ideal of eternity in the personification Aeternitas, and explain the radical transformations in her/his iconography. It is through a study of the representation of time that we identify a profound reenvisioning of the nature of time in Western thought, when human temporal and metaphysical experiences of time were expanded, laying the foundation for the successful spread of the Christian conceptions of eternal blissful time after the apocalypse.

Agency and Renegotiated Identities in the North Atlantic Isles

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-228
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Maher ◽  
Julie M. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Burial Rituals ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Humans, as agents, played an active role in the creation and communication of new identities during the Viking period in the Orkney Islands and Iceland. The authors argue that environments are not merely passive backdrops to societal and identity formation but are dynamic contributors in the negotiations that take place when humans settle into new lands. The chapter will focus on the maneuvering and balancing of traditional burial rituals and beliefs within new political, economic, and cosmological landscapes. The comparison of interdisciplinary data from burials, ancient texts, archaeological excavations, and landscape surveys from both regions during the time period of the study will show how the environment aided in the creation and performance of the burial ritual and how the agents’ reshaping of the land helped to form their new identities

The Saro of West Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Femi J. Kolapo
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Political Economic

During the hundred-odd-year period from 1837 to 1944, liberated Africans with their children, mostly from the Nigerian area who were resettled in Sierra Leone, returned to Nigeria. They and their descendants in Nigeria were known as Saro. While most of them were of Yoruba origin, their population included Igbo, Nupe, Basa, Hausa, and Efik. They returned to Lagos, Abbeokuta, Ibadan, Calabar, Onitsha, Lokoja, and Port Harcourt, locations of political-economic or missionary significance during the period. Isolated individuals went as far as Ilorin, Bida, Kano, Sokoto, and Zaira. In many respects, they constituted the earliest social group who, by their distinctive black Atlantic experience of cultural and intellectual hybridity, mediated Nigeria’s engagement with and introduction to the modern and colonial capitalist demands of the era. As purveyors of new sociopolitical and cultural ideas that would come to underpin Nigeria, they were the forerunners of the nation. By their vision of a homeland that was inclusive of multiple ethnicities and that conceived of a single economy emanating from a network of production centers in the interior, they laid its earliest modern foundation. Their significant economic, social, cultural, religious, and political roles in the actions, interactions, and structures that eventually led to the creation of Nigeria justify the consideration of them as founders of the nation.

scholarly journals Wife's Labor Force Participation and Family Expenditures for Prepared Food, Food Prepared at Home, and Food Away from Home

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo M. Nayga
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
The One ◽  
Prepared Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

This study examines the effects of a wife's participation in the labor force and other socioeconomic factors on family expenditures for prepared food, food prepared at home, and food away from home using the Bureau of Labor Statistics 1992 consumer expenditure survey. On the one hand, results indicate that the number of children, home ownership with mortgage, seasonality, region, wife's age, and income are important determinants of expenditures on food prepared at home. A wife's education and participation in the labor force, on the other hand, affect expenditures on prepared food and food away from home. The impact of both these factors is greater on food away from home than on prepared food expenditures.

Fake friends: The illusionist revision of Western urbanology at the time of platform capitalism

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugo Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Policy Proposals

It is generally assumed that the so-called populist explosion that has swept across liberal democracies since 2016 has led to a crisis of neoliberal reason in its original formulation. Owing to the close relationship between cities and neoliberalism, the crisis of neoliberal rationality has significantly impacted what is defined here ‘Western urbanology’. This definition brings together influential apologists of the urban age and its entrepreneurialist potential, starting with Richard Florida and Edward Glaeser. In recent times, these authors have started revisiting their conceptions and related policy proposals, in response to the growing sense of dissatisfaction with mainstream theorisations of economic development that has been associated with the populist explosion of 2016. However, this article shows how their revisions are minimal, and fundamentally illusory, as these authors have glossed over the very foundations of capitalist societies, drawing a veil over the issue of economic-value creation within contemporary platform urbanism. After having critically assessed the trajectory of Western urbanology, the article concludes by arguing that a substantial revision of the role of contemporary urbanism in economic development processes would require interrogating the creation and capture of economic value in today’s capitalist societies.

The Society of Arts and Joseph Banks: a first step in London learned society

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
The Creation ◽  
At Home

Joseph Banks (1743–1820) was President of the Royal Society from 1778 to 1820, the longest anyone has served in that capacity, and during his prolonged tenure Banks was elected to numerous other societies at home and abroad. In the present paper Banks's membership of the Society of Arts and Manufactures is discussed, this being the first society to which he was ever elected in 1761. Of particular interest are the previously unexplained reasons for his withdrawal from the society in 1764, and his eventual re-election in 1791, this being the only example of Banks leaving and then rejoining a society. These events are investigated here. The creation, purpose and early development of the Society of Arts are also considered, as is its membership at a time when subscriptions were falling in the 1760s. Links with the Royal Society are described before, during and after this period of decline, and Joseph Banks's own contribution to the work of the Society of Arts is outlined.

The Creation of a Chinese Lineage: The Teng of Ha Tsuen, 1669–1751

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubie S. Watson
Keyword(s):  
County Level ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Imperial State

Prior to the foundation of the People's Republic in 1949 the formal apparatus of the Chinese imperial state rarely extended below the hsien, or county level. There was, in effect, ‘local self government’ and in certain parts of China this meant rule by powerful, localized descent groups. While some Chinese patrilineages remained small and politically insignificant, others grew until they resembled petty states. These large lineage organizations, which I prefer to call ‘dominant lineages’, made dependents out of neighbours, controlled market centers, and maintained their own militias and local defence corps. In this paper the formation of one such dominant lineage is described in detail.

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