Finding Constitutional Amendments

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Albert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Constitutional Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Constitutional Meaning ◽  
Point Of Reference

Constitutional designers rarely ask many questions they should. How and where will the constitution indicate that it has been amended? Will it record the change at the end of the original constitution, or will the change be inserted directly into the founding text? And what about an uncodified constitution: How will it identify constitution-level changes? This chapter offers the first analysis into the options available to constitutional designers for codifying constitutional amendments. This chapter identifies and illustrates the four major models of amendment codification in the world: the appendative model in the United States, the integrative model in India, the invisible model in Ireland, and the disaggregative model in Great Britain. How and where to memorialize changes to the constitution entails implications for how interpreters of constitutional meaning will read the constitution in the course of adjudication, whether the constitution will become a focal point of reference in constitutional politics, and how intensely citizens will venerate their constitution. The way amendments are recorded is ultimately a choice about how and indeed whether a people chooses to remember its past. Today constitutional designers do not consider the consequences of amendment codification, but they should. This chapter explains why the choices involved in amendment codification concern more than mere aesthetics. This chapter considers constitutions from Canada, Great Britain, India, Ireland, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Saint Lucia, Spain, and the United States.

Reye Study Criticized

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
JAMES P. ORLOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Reye Syndrome ◽  
Original Series ◽  
The World

In Reply.— I appreciate Dr Hall's thoughtful and thorough critique of our article. I will address each of her points to show that our conclusions are just as logical and based on as much scientific data as her alternate interpretations. First, Reye syndrome should be the same disease in Australia (and anywhere else in the world) as it is in the United States. As Hall points out, our series1 is remarkably similar not only to the original series of Reye et al2 but also to her own series in Great Britain,3 studies from Asia,4 a study from Ireland,5 a recent study from Spain,6 a report from France,7 and a recent study from West Germany.8

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Andrew Glazzard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle

‘You will be amused to hear that I am at work upon a Sherlock Holmes story. So the old dog returns to his vomit.’1 Arthur Conan Doyle to Herbert Greenhough Smith Sherlock Holmes, who died in Switzerland in May 1891, returned to the world on 23 October 1899. The location for his rebirth was, somewhat surprisingly, the Star Theatre in Buffalo, New York. Early the following month, Holmes moved to New York where he could be found in Manhattan’s Garrick Theatre on 236 separate occasions, before making his way across the United States. In September 1901, Holmes went back to Great Britain, arriving (like so many travellers from the US) at Liverpool, before reaching London on 9 September 1901. He was so much in demand that on 1 February 1902 he received an audience with King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. In 1902 he was again in New York, was seen travelling across northern England in 1903, and for the next thirty years popped up repeatedly in various American towns and cities....

TERRORISM AS THREAT TO SECURITY OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD. SELECTED ASPECTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Zbigniew KUŹNIAR ◽  
Artur FRONCZYK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
International Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The World ◽  
Methods Of Operation ◽  
Religious Terrorism

The article includes various definitions of terrorism, and the motives and methods of operation in terrorism in a broad sense. The article describes secular and religious terrorism with its common features and differences. In the article terrorism is presented as currently the biggest threat to international security. The authors describe some methods of carrying out terrorist attacks in the world, particularly in the United States and Great Britain.

The Organization, The Goals, and Some Activities of The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics

1973 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480
Author(s):  
H. Vernon Price
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Council ◽  
The World ◽  
The French Revolution

The great watchword of the French Revolution was Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. Although a great oversimplification, it has been said that France exemplifies liberty, Great Britain equality, and the United States fraternity. Without attempting to apportion these virtues among the nations of the world, I should like to dwell for a few moments on fraternity as it applies in the United States to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, I believe it is in this domain that we have developed into the largest mathematical organization in the world and—we should like to think—one of the most influential.

Antarctica

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Day
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Global Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic

Part of the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, David Day's book on Antarctica examines the most forbidding and formidably inaccessible continent on Earth. Antarctica was first discovered by European explorers in 1820, and for over a century following this, countries competed for the frozen land's vast marine resources--namely, the skins and oil of seals and whales. Soon the entire territory played host to competing claims by rival nations. The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 was meant to end this contention, but countries have found other means of extending control over the land, with scientific bases establishing at least symbolic claims. Exploration and drilling by the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan, and others has led to discoveries about the world's climate in centuries past--and in the process intimations of its alarming future. Delving into the history of the continent, Antarctic wildlife, arguments over governance, underwater mountain rangers, and the continent's use in predicting coming global change, Day's work sheds new light on a territory that, despite being the coldest, driest, and windiest continent in the world, will continue to be the object of intense speculation and competition.

Scale and Scope: A Review Colloquium - Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism. By Alfred D. ChandlerJr., with Takashi Hikino · Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990. xix + 860 pp. Charts, figures, tables, appendixes, notes, and index. $35.00.

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred D. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Central Point ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Point Of Reference

In Scale and Scope, Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., sets out a complex and sustained interpretation of “the dynamics of industrial capitalism.” His work, the culmination of decades of study, spanning three major economies (the United States, Great Britain, and Germany) from the 1880s to the 1940s, will undoubtedly be a central point of reference for all business historians for a very long time to come. More than that, it also makes contributions to, and has wide implications for, a great variety of fields of scholarship, research, and debate. It is hard to imagine any single book review that could do justice to the scale and the scope of Chandler's work.

International Crises, 1937–1940

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-94
Author(s):  
David F. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
American People ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Great Debate ◽  
The World

Facing increasing aggression abroad with the German reoccupation of the Rhine, Italy's invasion of Ethiopia, the Spanish Civil War, Japan's attack on China, and Germany's absorption of Austria, and the failure of the Munich Conference and the Nazi occupation of Czechoslovakia, Roosevelt began a campaign to educate the American people to understand the threat these actions posed to the United States and to support preparedness and his internationalist foreign policy. Beginning with the Quarantine Speech, the president challenged sought revisions of the Neutrality Act as he challenged the position of non-intervention, began a buildup of American forces, and forged a closer relationship with Great Britain. While his efforts failed to prevent war, Roosevelt launched a great debate over America's role in the world that began moving public opinion away from neutrality to internationalism.

POVERTY IS NOT A VICE, BUT HOW TO OVERCOME IT IN RUSSIA?

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Oksana M. Makhalina ◽  
◽  
Viktor N. Makhalin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Families With Children

An issue of the population poverty is one of the most urgent to- day, both in Russia and around the world. The article considers the statistics of poverty in foreign countries as well as in Russia. In that rating, Russia ranks the 64th. The number of citizens falling under the category of poor in 2020 in- creased to 19.9 million people, which in relative terms is 13.5% of the country’s population. The causes of poverty are revealed, the sequence, forms and methods of overcoming poverty in Russia are formulated on the basis of foreign experi- ence in combating poverty. The decline in the income of the Russian popula- tion according to Rosstat in the 2nd quarter of 2020 in annual terms was 8%. GDP declined by 8%, while Canada’s GDP – 13.5%, Germany – 11.7%, and the United States – 9.5%. It is because since the beginning of the pandemic, many developed countries have implemented large-scale material support for the population. The article analyzes a variety of specific ways and methods of combating poverty in the United States, Great Britain, Spain, India, Finland and other countries. Also it presents results of the experiment with application of the method of using unconditional income, support of the population of the Neth- erlands, Canada, Mongolia, Iran, Kenya, and Germany. The article presents the experience of supporting the population in Russia, where that activity was focused on supporting the families with children. The results prove that such a support option cannot be called large-scale and effec- tive, since, as summing, the real incomes of citizens, unlike in other countries, oddly enough, decreased. Poverty and unemployment continue to grow in the context of the current pandemic. Therefore the conclusion contains proposals on how to overcome the poverty and unemployment in our country.

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