Three Grades of Social Involvement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sher
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Causal Influence ◽  
Culture History

Communitarians argue that because selves are profoundly influenced by culture, history, and tradition, they are too compromised by society to be morally basic. This chapter asks what this claim means and whether it is true. To find out, it discusses (1) society’s causal influence on people’s aims and attitudes and (2) the fact that many aims and attitudes presuppose a highly specific cultural, legal, and historical background. It also discusses the suggestion that (3) truly autonomous selves would be featureless centers of volition. It concludes that the individual’s moral primacy is undefeated by society’s involvement in the self.

scholarly journals WRITING THE SELF IN RURAL MALI: DOMESTIC ARCHIVES AND GENRES OF PERSONAL WRITING

Africa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïssatou Mbodj-Pouye
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Personal Writing ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Shared Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Local Discourses

ABSTRACTIn a comparative perspective, literacy has been closely associated with techniques of the self and with the emergence of modern subjectivities. But what happens when literacy is developed without genres such as diary keeping being widespread? Scrutinizing grassroots practices, this article demonstrates that even people who are not confronted with established forms of self-writing engage with literacy in ways that bear an imprint of their lives and subjectivities. Drawing on an ethnographic study in one village in southern Mali, it sets a socio-historical background where writing practices arise primarily as responses to the pressure of rural management. Yet the local discourses on the value of writing are suffused with notions of privacy. The article focuses on the unstable but shared practice of keeping a notebook for farming as well personal notations. Through a detailed analysis of two notebooks, it advocates for a set of distinctions between the individual, the private and the self that helps disentangle the issue of writing and self. This leads to a contrasted view of the local engagements with literacy. The question of the crystallization of notebook keeping as a genre remains open.

scholarly journals Literary Perspective in Autobiography: Book "Days" and "My life" Comparison Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-83
Author(s):  
Assist. Prof. Dr. Eman Abdu-Dakeel Esae ◽  
Lecturer. Dr. Julan Hussian Judy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Clear Picture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Creative Vision

Autobiography is the written type that related to "I" author, which is relevant to his experience life and written: their worries, affairs, sorrows, and concerns. Hence this study appeared to show how to diagnosis the nature of literary for this type, drawing it's historical background and it's relationship with literary trends in the modern Arabic prose especially the novel, which was nearest to it and most impact in its development, then stand on the denotations type of autobiography, the role of motivation, cultural background, creative vision and the talent in formulating the referential aspect through my book "days" and "my life" the two outcome out the study of comparison which settlement in the field of Arabic autobiography in modern way, telling similar accidents in many times, and telling autobiography of life in different ways that giving a clear picture of comparison through literary perspective then stand on the more accurate literary concept of this writing type about the self, finally we stand on how to draw the literary perspective and determine it in the field of autobiography through managing the most important construction of telling the narrative as an important tool of comparison to diagnosis the literary perspective by studying how to tell and use the voice, the kind of description, it's function of comparison, the measure of availability in choosing text to differentiate the function of the study for these texts which as long as stopped by critics. The study concluded that the literary function of autobiography is unstable in which it is found in one study and absent from another.   

scholarly journals Nation-building in the Scandinavian Welfare State: The Immigration Challenge

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grete Brochmann
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Welfare State

Scandinavia represents a particular type of welfare state, characterized by institutionalized social rights, universal access, generous benefits, a high degree of public involvement and comparatively high levels of redistribution. The basically tax-based system, which was designed to constitute a basic safety net for all citizens from cradle to grave, has been remarkably generous – and thereby also costly. It is thus vulnerable in relation to newcomers who cannot support themselves economically. In all of Scandinavia, the welfare state was from the beginning the self-evident instrument for incorporation of newcomers. Gradually, this instrument has turned more controversial, in parallel with general processes of social reform, in which the restructuring of policies has been regarded as necessary in order to avoid dependency traps and “overconsumption”. This article spells out the historical background for the specific Scandinavian approach to immigration, and discusses the current dilemmas attached to this normatively complicated policy field.

The Construction of the Soldier Ideal by Educated Youths

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Military

The fifth chapter studies an often-forgotten depiction of soldiers during the Second Sino-Japanese War: the student soldiers. This chapter first discusses the Campaign to Mobilize Educated Youths to Join the Army to provide a historical background for the GMD’s efforts to militarize educated youths. Xu relays the effects of Chiang Kai-shek’s interest in student soldiers, bringing up Chiang’s wartime diary entries in which he advocated for the military training of students. Xu stresses that the nation-wide conscription of student soldiers during the later years of the Second Sino-Japanese War was a response to both internal and external challenges as the war entered the last phase. Using student soldiers’ own writing, Xu discusses how these educated youths constructed the soldier ideal to advocate the self-government ideal in their army life after they were conscripted into the Youth Army.

History as a Source of Organizational Identity Creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1709-1731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Oertel ◽  
Kirsten Thommes
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Identity ◽  
East Germany ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Rhetorical History ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Identity Creation ◽  
Cluster Level

We analysed the self-representation of twelve watchmaking firms located in a cluster in East Germany to understand how they apply rhetorical history to craft their identity. The findings show that there are common elements of rhetorical history that help organizations craft their identity, but there are also differences based on each firm’s historical background. While some firms specifically relate their identity to their own history, others mainly employ cluster-level history, while still others may even self-construct fictional historical roots. By discussing these findings, we contribute to a better understanding of how an organization’s identity is crafted and how history is utilized in such identity creation.

scholarly journals Hybridity, Adaptive Peacebuilding and Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-58
Author(s):  
Cedric de Coning ◽  
Lawrence McDonald-Colbert
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Complexity Science ◽  
The Self ◽  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Learning And Adaptation

AbstractComplexity science provides us with a theoretical framework for understanding how complex social systems lapse into violent conflict, and how they can prevent, or recover from conflict. For a peace process to become self-sustainable, resilient social institutions need to emerge from within, i.e. from the culture, history and socio-economic context of the relevant society. International actors can assist and facilitate this process, but if they interfere too much, they will undermine the self-organising processes necessary to sustain resilient social institutions. Adaptive Peacebuilding navigates this hybrid peacebuilding dilemma with an adaptive methodology where peacebuilders, together with the communities and people affected by the conflict, actively engage in a structured process to sustain peace and resolve conflicts by employing an iterative process of learning and adaptation. A complexity informed approach to hybrid peacebuilding aims to safeguard, stimulate, facilitate and create the space for societies to develop resilient capacities for self-organisation.

Self-esteem in action: From direct causality to motive and mediator of self-performative action

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Strandell
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Causal Influence ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Future Self

Self-esteem research has been in “crisis” during the last decade, due to the lack of strong, consistent correlations between self-esteem and behavioral outcomes. Some researchers have interpreted this as indicating that self-esteem is inconsequential in many important areas of life. However, the model of direct causality used in correlational research, between a general self-esteem trait and specific behaviors, may be unrealistic. In contrast, this paper develops a model of self-esteem-motivated behaviour as originating from past, current or future (desired) self-concepts. This model shows how an interaction of catalytic factors determines how self-esteem influences behaviour. That is, what “self-esteem” actually “does.” By clarifying the different ways in which self-esteem affects behavior, the model shows that construing self-esteem as a passive variable with direct causal influence on behavior is inadequate and misleading and that previous contradictory results are a consequence of this misconceptualization and subsequent reification of self-esteem. Because self-esteem and the self-concept are inseparable (one is an attitude towards the other) self-esteem-motivated behavior is always about self-construction, and thus performative. Future self-esteem research and theory should therefore focus on how people seek to enact, maintain, or defend a desired identity through performative actions.

scholarly journals FLORAL COMPONENT AS THE ENTRY OF VIRA VOVK’S SPIRITUALITY: SELF-IDENTIFICATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF HER CREATIVE WORK

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Hul ◽  
Artur Bracki
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Ukrainian Text ◽  
Life Path ◽  
The One ◽  
Young Writer

The article analyzes the life path of Vira Vovk and key images of her work with a special emphasis on the role of plant symbols, and the influence of sacred ideas on the artist and her faith in God. Attention in the article focuses on the self-identification of Vira Vovk as a purely Ukrainian poetess with her own life position. At the same time, the course of analysis of the author's biography and bibliography circles around her sincere love and devotion to Ukraine, in particular – the admiration of the beauty of her native land, the granting of special significance and symbolic meaning to floral dimension, which is clearly illustrated by examples of donna Vira's lyrical lines. The sacred level and divine beliefs are covered, on the one hand, on the examples of the artist's poetry, on the other – taken from the sphere of journalism about Vira Vovk, namely, from interviews with poetess within literary evenings, conferences, round tables. The article outlines significant instructions to the younger generation of writers: here we are talking about the use of Ukrainian images, plots, historical background of our Motherland, without the involvement of foreign motifs and style. We will try to reveal the secret of "lameness" of the Ukrainian text through the eyes of Vira Vovk and the role of the Ukrainian author's style in the context of the formation of a young writer. In addition to the purely literary level and the analysis of the emigration author's work, we also intent to show Vira Vovk as a sophisticated person, whose literary roots germinated deeply from the Ukrainian land, absorb the entire color of the Ukrainian mentality, world view and reveals in her work. The means of expressiveness outline the divine direction of her poetry: her faith, exclusive intuition, openness to people and purity of thought.

scholarly journals Harmoni Lintas Agama Masyarakat Tengger

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ali Hisyam ◽  
Wan Zailan Kamarudin Wan Ali
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Social Involvement ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Symbolic Interactionist ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
The People ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
Interactionist Approach

This paper attempts to closely portray interreligious harmony, especially between Muslim and Hindu community in Tengger, East Java. Tengger community are ingrained with their own culture and practicing their unique tradition. Through symbolic-interactionist approach, this paper supposes that this reality represents a cultural process which is simultaneously and flexibly flowing and growing. In the name of brotherhood and humanity, Tengger people are running their daily activities, discounting subjective differences among them. Sociologically, they are focusing on facing the reality as objective necessities where the self and the other are mutually understanding and complementing each other. In this regard, they have improved the way of interaction, from <em>saya</em>-and-<em>mereka</em> perspective to <em>kami</em>-and<em>kita</em> approach. Social activities and religious/cultural rites symbolically become communicative device of inter-relation among the people. Muslim and Hindu harmony in this community denotes multicultural interaction that entails social involvement of members of community. Tengger people, as an animal symbolicum, strive to construct, expand and (re)interpret the symbols for building harmony.

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