Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Laats
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
As If

From a twenty-first century perspective, it can seem as if everything has changed. Evangelical and fundamentalist schools have made drastic changes in their teaching and lifestyle rules. Even the most traditionalist schools have adopted some of the structures of mainstream higher education. However, some of the tensions established in the early twentieth century remain strong. Faculty purges, student protests, and inter-school rivalries are just as powerful today as they have been since the 1920s. New anxieties about faculty fidelity to creationist truths repeat patterns laid down decades earlier. And old rivalries between fundamentalist and evangelical institutions show up in new and unexpected ways.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

Marry Me?

Love, Inc. ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Laurie Essig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Diamond Ring

Getting engaged now requires more emotional and financial resources than ever before. Here Essig traces the history of engagements from the birth of companionate marriages in the nineteenth century to the invention of rituals like the bended knee and fetish items like the diamond ring in the early twentieth century. But the real change happened at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as engagements became “spectacular,” requiring not just highly staged events but also highly produced videos and images that could then be disseminated to the larger world.

G. K. Chesterton and Islam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tom Villis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Scholarly Attention

G. K. Chesterton's anti-Semitism has attracted much scholarly attention, but his views on Islam have largely passed without comment. This article situates Chesterton's writings in relation to historical views of Islam in Britain and the political, cultural and religious context of the early twentieth century. Chesterton's complex and contradictory opinions fail to support easy conclusions about the immutability of prejudice across time. His views of Islam are at times orientalist and at other times critical of imperialism and elitism. As well as drawing on medieval Catholic ideas about the “heresy” of Islam, Chesterton also links Islam with Protestant Christianity. From another perspective, his views of Islam draw on liberal traditions of humanitarian interventionism and democratic patriotism. Finally, he also used Islam as a symbol of a corroding modernity. This study suggests the need for a historically sensitive genealogy of the evolution of anti-Muslim prejudice which is not predetermined by the politics of the early twenty-first century.

Progressive Counterinsurgency and COIN

American Datu ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 243-266
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
First Century ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

This last chapter compares and contrasts the Progressive counterinsurgency strategy implemented by John J. Pershing in the Muslim Philippines with twenty-first-century counterinsurgency (COIN) guidelines as set forth in The U.S. Army * Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual, first published in 2006. It argues that although modern COIN ideas have much to recommend them, American officers engaged in combatting Islamic militants today would be wise to study Pershing’s full-spectrum but more limited approach to counterinsurgency among Philippine Moros in the early twentieth century.

Monologue or dialogue? Stepping away from the abyss in higher education

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Stern
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Martin Buber ◽  
First Century ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Dialogic Approach ◽  
Twenty First Century

This paper investigates the possibilities of the use of dialogue, and the dangers of the use of monologue, in higher education in the early twenty-first century, in a period facing a number of smaller- and larger-scale crises – each interpreted as an 'abyss' of some kind. How does higher education contribute, positively or negatively, to personal relationships and the risk of isolation and paranoia, institutional approaches to their own permanence, and broad economic-environmental problems? Each of these abysses is analysed in terms of dialogue, and a dialogic approach in higher education is put forward as a way to help us step away from each abyss. Crises and conflicts throughout the twentieth century might have led to a decline in confidence in dialogic approaches in and beyond educational institutions. However, the opposite was the case, and Martin Buber analysed dialogue in the midst of conflict, rather than simply when conflict was concluded. His mid-twentieth century analyses are used, here, to theorise contemporary dialogic higher education.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

Media, Messages, and Emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenton J. Malin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
First Century ◽  
Media Criticism ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
American Media ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter considers links between media and emotion in a modern American context. It traces certain understandings of emotion in order to tell a story about how American media critics have wrestled with questions of the affective life. The chapter shows some thinking about emotion and media that preceded the explosion of mass media and mass media criticism in the early twentieth century, before laying out some key popular and academic understandings of media from the early twentieth century. From here, the chapter turns to late-twentieth-century modifications and extensions of these ideas and then discusses their continued relevance at the dawn of the twenty-first century.

Population and Society in Twentieth-Century Southeast Asia

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
First Century ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

Over the course of the twentieth century, Southeast Asia's population will have grown from 80 to 530 million. Much of this extraordinary growth is due to the very rapid decline in mortality over the second half of the century, but the socioeconomic and political attributes of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Southeast Asian societies also contributed to rapid population growth, especially in the settlement of frontier rice-growing regions. Although fertility transitions are underway in almost every country in the region, the population of the region will probably double in size before growth ceases sometime in the middle of the twenty-first century.

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