Progressive Counterinsurgency and COIN

American Datu ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 243-266
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
First Century ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

This last chapter compares and contrasts the Progressive counterinsurgency strategy implemented by John J. Pershing in the Muslim Philippines with twenty-first-century counterinsurgency (COIN) guidelines as set forth in The U.S. Army * Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual, first published in 2006. It argues that although modern COIN ideas have much to recommend them, American officers engaged in combatting Islamic militants today would be wise to study Pershing’s full-spectrum but more limited approach to counterinsurgency among Philippine Moros in the early twentieth century.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

Marry Me?

Love, Inc. ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 83-112
Author(s):  
Laurie Essig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Real Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Diamond Ring

Getting engaged now requires more emotional and financial resources than ever before. Here Essig traces the history of engagements from the birth of companionate marriages in the nineteenth century to the invention of rituals like the bended knee and fetish items like the diamond ring in the early twentieth century. But the real change happened at the beginning of the twenty-first century, as engagements became “spectacular,” requiring not just highly staged events but also highly produced videos and images that could then be disseminated to the larger world.

G. K. Chesterton and Islam

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tom Villis
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Scholarly Attention

G. K. Chesterton's anti-Semitism has attracted much scholarly attention, but his views on Islam have largely passed without comment. This article situates Chesterton's writings in relation to historical views of Islam in Britain and the political, cultural and religious context of the early twentieth century. Chesterton's complex and contradictory opinions fail to support easy conclusions about the immutability of prejudice across time. His views of Islam are at times orientalist and at other times critical of imperialism and elitism. As well as drawing on medieval Catholic ideas about the “heresy” of Islam, Chesterton also links Islam with Protestant Christianity. From another perspective, his views of Islam draw on liberal traditions of humanitarian interventionism and democratic patriotism. Finally, he also used Islam as a symbol of a corroding modernity. This study suggests the need for a historically sensitive genealogy of the evolution of anti-Muslim prejudice which is not predetermined by the politics of the early twenty-first century.

Conspiracy Theories in U.S. History

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Olmstead
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
First Century ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

Although many Americans believe that conspiratorial thinking is reaching new heights in the twenty-first century, conspiracy theories have been commonplace throughout U.S. history. In the colonial and early republic eras, Americans feared that Catholics, Jews, Masons, Indians, and African Americans were plotting against them. In the nineteenth century they added international bankers, rich businessmen, and Mormons to the list of potential conspirators. In the twentieth century, conspiracy theories continued to evolve, and many Americans began to suspect the U.S. government itself of plotting against them. These theories gained more credibility after the revelation of real government conspiracies, notably CIA assassination plots, the Watergate scandal, and the Iran–-Contra affair.

CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS FOR THE U.S. NATIONAL ASSESSMENT

2003 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 1711-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. MacCracken ◽  
Eric J. Barron ◽  
David R. Easterling ◽  
Benjamin S. Felzer ◽  
Thomas R. Karl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The U.S

In support of the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, climate scenarios were prepared to serve as the basis for evaluating the vulnerability of environmental and societal systems to changes projected for the twenty-first century. Since publication of the results of the assessment at the end of 2000, the National Research Council's report Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, and the U.S. government's U.S. Climate Action Report—2002 have both relied on the assessment's findings. Because of the importance of these findings, it is important to directly address questions regarding the representativeness and usefulness of the model-based projections on which the findings were based. In particular, criticisms have focused on whether the climate models that were relied upon adequately represented twentieth-century conditions and whether their projections of conditions for the twenty-first century were outliers. Reexamination of the approach used in developing and evaluating the climate scenarios indicates that the results from the two primary climate modeling groups that were relied upon allowed the generation of climate scenarios that span much of the range of possible future climatic conditions projected by the larger set of model simulations, which was compiled for the IPCCs Third Assessment Report. With the set of models showing increasing agreement in their simulations of twentieth-century trends in climate and of projected changes in climate on subcontinental to continental scales, the climate scenarios that were generated seem likely to provide a plausible representation of the types of climatic conditions that could be experienced during the twenty-first century. Warming, reduced snow cover, and more intense heavy precipitation events were projected by all models, suggesting such changes are quite likely. However, significant differences remain in the projection of changes in precipitation and of the regional departures in climate from the larger-scale patterns. For this reason, evaluating potential impacts using climate scenarios based on models exhibiting different regional responses is a necessary step to ensuring a representative analysis. Utilizing an even more encompassing set of scenarios in the future could help move from mainly qualitative toward more certain and quantitative conclusions.

Epilogue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Laats
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
As If

From a twenty-first century perspective, it can seem as if everything has changed. Evangelical and fundamentalist schools have made drastic changes in their teaching and lifestyle rules. Even the most traditionalist schools have adopted some of the structures of mainstream higher education. However, some of the tensions established in the early twentieth century remain strong. Faculty purges, student protests, and inter-school rivalries are just as powerful today as they have been since the 1920s. New anxieties about faculty fidelity to creationist truths repeat patterns laid down decades earlier. And old rivalries between fundamentalist and evangelical institutions show up in new and unexpected ways.

Paradise Lost in Dutch, 1728–2003

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frans van Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Dimension ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter offers a history of Dutch translations of Paradise Lost, from the early eighteenth to the early twenty-first century. The focus is on the question of how Dutch translators have grappled with two issues: the epic’s verse form, especially its lack of rhyme and syntactic idiosyncrasies; and its politico-religious dimension, its complex view of the relationship between earthly and divine authority, as well as its anti-predestinarian stance. The history of Paradise Lost in Dutch, which starts with the translation of Van Zanten in 1728, is characterized by an unresolved formal struggle with Milton’s blank verse, embraced unreservedly only in the early twentieth century, with translator Gutteling. Before 1900, the politico-religious dimension of Paradise Lost was at the fore for translators, yet this aspect of the poem has receded in prominence, with translators after 1900 presenting the poem instead as a timeless and self-contained work of literary genius.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document