The Future of Cuba’s Non-Sugar Agricultural Sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-116
Author(s):  
Mario A. González-Corzo ◽  
Armando Nova-González
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
Dramatic Growth

Despite a dramatic growth in agricultural trade between the United States and Cuba, trade between these two states has been “one-way trade,” primarily due to U.S. economic sanctions. A new scenario could potentially emerge as diplomatic and trade relations between the United States and Cuba improve and are eventually normalized. These changes could facilitate the expansion of U.S. agricultural and food exports to the island, as well as Cuban exports to the United States. This chapter examines the evolution of U.S. agricultural exports to Cuba since the approval of the Trade Sanctions Reform and Export Enhancement Act (TSRA) in 2000. The future prospects and policy implications for U.S.-Cuba agricultural trade are also discussed, taking into account the shift in U.S–Cuba relations initiated after December 17, 2014.

Agricultural Surplus Disposal and U.S. Economic Policies

1960 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Robert M. Stern
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Local Currency ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Aid Programs

In the four and a half years ending December 31, 1958, the United States exported close to $6 billion of surplus agricultural commodities under various foreign disposal programs, the most important being the Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act, known commonly as P. L. 480. These P. L. 480 exports included the barter of American surpluses for imports of strategic materials, foreign relief shipments and donations and, most significantly, sales for the local currency of importers. This last type of transaction, which is without precedent in world trade, has enabled the United States to dispose of some 3.3 billion dollars' worth of surpluses in agreements made with 28 nations, and the major part of the foreign currencies generated—that is, some $2.1 billion—has been earmarked for economic development purposes in the receiving countries. Surplus disposal thus not only has become a primary means of promoting United States agricultural exports, but has acquired a major role in our foreign aid programs as well.

scholarly journals Free Trade Impacts On U.S. And Southern Agriculture

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Burfisher ◽  
Robert M. House ◽  
Suchada V. Langley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Trade Relationship

In June 1991, the United States and Mexico agreed to work toward the formation of a free trade area (FTA), in which trade barriers between the two countries will be gradually reduced and eUrninated. An FTA is expected to deepen a trade relationship that has always been important to the two countries, and which has been expanded by the unilateral trade liberalization initiated by Mexico in 1983. A U.S. Mexico FTA will be an important development for U.S. agriculture. In 1990, Mexico ranked among the top four markets for U.S. agricultural exports nd imports. Mexico's share of U.S. agricultural trade has increased since the mid-1980s, and could expand further if trade barriers are removed.

scholarly journals A Sectoral Analysis of Agricultural Trade Liberalization

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lynn Kennedy ◽  
Cemal Atici
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Agricultural Trade Liberalization

AbstractComplete agricultural trade liberalization between the United States and the European Union is examined with respect to the agricultural sector. A static, partial equilibrium model, distinguishing among the European Union, the United States, and a politically passive rest of the world, is used to simulate agricultural free trade. The results of this research reveal how European Union and United States adoption of free trade affects domestic and world prices, production, consumption, self-sufficiency, and welfare.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages and complementarity of Sino-US agricultural trade: An empirical analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Shuai ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Export Structure ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
The U.S

By adopting the RCA, CMS, TCD, SI and TCI models, this paper has made an empirical analysis of the comparative advantages and complementarity of the agricultural trade between China and the United States in terms of sixteen major agricultural products since 1997. The results indicate that (1) the exporting agri-products of China and the United States reflect the characteristics of the resource endowment of each country; (2) China's agri-product competitiveness has decreased after its WTO accession, while the country's agri-export structure has been upgraded; (3) Sino-US agri-trade dependency continues to rise, and the U.S. relies more on China than China does on the U.S.; (4) China and the United Sates have good complementarity in the agricultural trade, which tends to strengthen after the China's accession to the WTO. Policy implications are proposed accordingly based on these findings.

scholarly journals FOREIGN ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN TRADE DIFFERENTIATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Sliusarenko ◽  
◽  
Alyona Klyuchnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Positive Balance

The article highlights the need to develop effective mechanisms for guaranteeing the foreign economic security of agricultural enterprises due to the increase in their foreign trade activity. The share of agricultural exports in the structure of national exports is key, which confirms the feasibility of relevant research. In this case, the question of the quality of export activity becomes relevant not only due to the increase in value volumes but also given its content. Therefore, the problem of the high share of primary agricultural products in the export of agricultural products is problematic, which precedes the problem of forming the characteristics of the domestic agricultural sector as a resource with a low level of added value. The article examines the relationship between the state of foreign economic security of the agricultural sector with the commodity and geographical differentiation of foreign trade. The problem of insufficient commodity differentiation is problematic because to a greater extent domestic agricultural exports are represented by goods of plant origin. Moreover, the basis of exports of crop products are cereals and oilseeds. This state of affairs forms a position of high dependence on trends in foreign markets and fluctuations in demand for these types of crops, which precedes the existence of problems of foreign economic security of the agricultural sector in general and enterprises in particular. Instead, the situation of geographical differentiation has positive characteristics due to the balancing of priorities in trade relations. Despite the European integration path of Ukraine's development, the degree of dependence on fluctuations in demand in EU markets is within the norm. Positive is the destruction of the established approach to the priority of cooperation with the Russian Federation and the acquisition of new markets for agricultural products. The effectiveness of this kind of change in geographical differentiation is confirmed by the positive balance of export-import activity. However, it is worth noting the negative trends in terms of imports. For example, with minimal exports to the United States, we have huge volumes of imports. A mechanism of a certain kind of "structural isolation" should be formed, which would determine the limits of expediency of interstate cooperation in the sense of trade in agricultural products, based on efficiency indicators.

scholarly journals Between the United States and the People’s Republic of China. The dilemma of the European Union’s negotiation position in the context of the accelerated technological development of the PRC

2019 ◽  
pp. 311-325
Author(s):  
Maciej Walkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Technological Advantage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Trade Sanctions ◽  
The Eu

In the presented article, the author develops an analysis, assessment and forecast with regard to the problems of the innovative development of the PRC and the European Union’s response to Chinese methods of obtaining technological advantage over other countries in the world. While presenting and assessing the implementation of China’s key strategic documents in this matter, the author juxtaposes the EU response with the policy of trade sanctions against the PRC imposed by the United States during the presidency of D. Trump, outlining likely scenarios for the future.

scholarly journals Chapter 10: Agri-Food Trade Between the United States and Russia: From Divergence to Irrelevance

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-316
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Wegren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Cold War

AbstractThis chapter investigates the impact of political relations on U.S. food exports to the Soviet Union and Russia. The chapter finds that during the Cold War, political relations between the United States and Russia and agricultural trade were divergent, which means that food trade was not much affected by poor relations. In the post-Soviet period, the relationship between politics and agricultural exports has become convergent, which means that political relations and U.S. exports move in the same direction. With Putin in office, U.S. agricultural exports have fallen into irrelevance, a trend that predates Russia’s 2014 food embargo against the West.

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