Intuition and Coherence in the Keystone Loop

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-130
Author(s):  
Keith Lehrer
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Knowledge Claim ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wilfrid Sellars ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Is knowledge and justification a matter of isolated intuition or coherence with a background system? One intuitionist, Thomas Reid, failed to acknowledge the controversy. He argued that knowledge was a matter of first principles, which drive intuition, but also claimed that the first principles depended on each other like links in a chain, as a coherentist might. Wilfrid Sellars, a famous coherentist, argued that all knowledge was explained by coherence with a background system, but, on the other hand, conceded that some knowledge claims were justified noninferentially, as an intuitionist might. This book suggests a resolution to the conflict in terms of a kind of knowledge requiring the knower be able to defend the target knowledge claim. The defense rests on exemplar representation of experience, yielding intuition, tied together in a keystone loop within a system to defend that representation, yielding coherence.

The Skeptic and The Madman: The Proto‐Pragmatism of Thomas Reid

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lundestad
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
John Dewey ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Other Hand

Even though the philosophy of common sense is not justifi able as such, the assump- tion upon which it rests, namely that there are things which we are not in position to doubt is correct. The reason why Thomas Reid was unable to bring this assumption out in a justifi able manner is that his views, both on knowledge and nature, are to be considered dogmatic. American pragmatists such as Charles Sanders Peirce and John Dewey on the other hand, may be seen as offering us a ‘critical’ and post-Darwinian philosophy of common sense.

Dynamic Stability of Ni FCC Crystal under Isotropic Tension

2013 ◽  
Vol 592-593 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Petr Řehák ◽  
Miroslav Černý
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Wave Vector ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Lattice Dynamics ◽  
Harmonic Approximation ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Critical Strains

Lattice dynamics and stability of fcc crystal of Ni under isotropic (hydrostatic) tensile loading are studied from first principles using supercell method and a harmonic approximation. According to the results, strength of the crystal is determined by occurrence of an instability related to soft phonons with finite wave vector. On the other hand, the critical strains and stresses associated with such instabilities are only slightly lower than those related to the volumetric instability.

Walking of Long Pipelines With Multiple Buckles: Can a Trend Be Trusted?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carneiro ◽  
Andrew Rathbone
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Axial Displacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Over Time

Walking of long pipelines with multiple buckles is usually self-limiting. The buckles break the ‘long’ pipeline into multiple ‘short’ ones that are prone to walk. However, as temperature decays over the length of the pipeline, the ‘short’ sections further downstream might become cyclically constrained and eventually anchor the full pipeline length. Walking of the hot end would then slow down and cease. This tapering down can take a large number of cycles, and not seem obvious when after a fair number of cycles, a small value of accumulated axial displacement per cycle is still observed in FEA. Often, designers would stop the analyses at some stage and assume the small rate will continue indefinitely. This can be overconservative, as a limit will often exist — which is demonstrated using first principles in the paper. On the other hand, extrapolating without full understanding of the underlying processes can be dangerous. For some particular conditions, the trend can suddenly change after continuing unaltered for many cycles. This paper illustrates such change in behavior with the example of a fictitious pipeline seeing a gentle, gradual increase in operational temperature over time. The exercise shows that, after the trend has apparently settled, at a given point the rate of walking can increase again. The conditions that trigger it are shown to be predictable.

scholarly journals On the semantics of place/transition Petri nets

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MESEGUER ◽  
UGO MONTANARI ◽  
VLADIMIRO SASSONE
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Category ◽  
Monoidal Categories ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Models Of Concurrency ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
Algebraic Domains

Place/transition (PT) Petri nets are one of the most widely used models of concurrency. However, they still lack, in our view, a satisfactory semantics: on the one hand the ‘token game’ is too intensional, even in its more abstract interpretations in terms of nonsequential processes and monoidal categories; on the other hand, Winskel's basic unfolding construction, which provides a coreflection between nets and finitary prime algebraic domains, works only for safe nets. In this paper we extend Winskel's result to PT nets. We start with a rather general category PTNets of PT nets, we introduce a category DecOcc of decorated (nondeterministic) occurrence nets and we define adjunctions between PTNets and DecOcc and between DecOcc and Occ, the category of occurrence nets. The role of DecOcc is to provide natural unfoldings for PT nets, i.e., acyclic safe nets where a notion of family is used to relate multiple instances of the same place. The unfolding functor from PTNets to Occ reduces to Winskel's when restricted to safe nets. Moreover, the standard coreflection between Occ and Dom, the category of finitary prime algebraic domains, when composed with the unfolding functor above, determines a chain of adjunctions between PTNets and Dom.

Disagreement, design, and Thomas Reid

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 224-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
René van Woudenberg
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Epistemology Of Disagreement ◽  
The One

This paper argues that Reid's first principle of design can be more widely accepted then one might suppose, due to the fact that it specifies no marks of design. Also it is explicated that the relation of the principle, on the one hand, and properly basic design beliefs on the other, is a relation of presupposition. It is furthermore suggested that Reid's discussion of what can be done in case of disagreement about first principles points to a position that is relevant to the current debates in the Epistemology of Disagreement literature and that merits further elaboration.

The Variability of Know(s)-that Judgments

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-130
Author(s):  
Jody Azzouni
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Claim ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epistemic Reasons ◽  
Epistemic Contextualism ◽  
Subject Sensitive Invariantism ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Usage Data

The usage evidence—various scenarios that realistically depict where and when we attribute knowledge to ourselves and others—shows that all the alternatives (epistemic contextualism, subject-sensitive invariantism, knowledge relativism) to intellectual invariantism fail. They fail for several reasons: When cases are compared, speaker-hearers tend to retract one or the other conflicting knowledge claim; the intuitions elicited by various cases don’t consistently satisfy any particular position; the situations under which speaker-hearers retract knowledge claims under pressure seem to support an invariantist position. Nevertheless, no standard invariantist position seems supported by the usage data because speaker-hearers do seem to shift because of differences either in the interests of the agents to whom knowledge is attributed, for example, oneself, or because of other apparently non-epistemic reasons. Attempts to use pragmatic tools, such as implicatures, to handle the apparent shifts in knowledge standards are shown to fail as well.

On the Glass Transition in Polymer Films: Recent Monte Carlo Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Baschnagel ◽  
K. Binder
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A Chain

AbstractThis paper reports results of a Monte Carlo simulation for a simplified lattice modelof a supercooled polymer film. The film geometry is realized by two opposite hard walls.The distance between the walls is varied. The chains exhibit a strong tendency to orientparallel to the walls and are flattened when being very close to them. This deviation of thepolymer structure with respect to the bulk is accompanied by an acceleration of local densityfluctuations. On the other hand, the diffusion coefficient of a chain remains unaffected.

scholarly journals On the Quantum Chromatic Number of a Graph

10.37236/999 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Cameron ◽  
Ashley Montanaro ◽  
Michael W. Newman ◽  
Simone Severini ◽  
Andreas Winter
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Random Graphs ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Clique Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Orthogonal Representations

We investigate the notion of quantum chromatic number of a graph, which is the minimal number of colours necessary in a protocol in which two separated provers can convince a referee that they have a colouring of the graph.After discussing this notion from first principles, we go on to establish relations with the clique number and orthogonal representations of the graph. We also prove several general facts about this graph parameter and find large separations between the clique number and the quantum chromatic number by looking at random graphs. Finally, we show that there can be no separation between classical and quantum chromatic number if the latter is $2$, nor if it is $3$ in a restricted quantum model; on the other hand, we exhibit a graph on $18$ vertices and $44$ edges with chromatic number $5$ and quantum chromatic number $4$.

The Means and Methods of War

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-436
Author(s):  
Danial Saeed
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
A Chain

The Joint Doctrine and Concepts Center (JDCC) is in charge of distributed Joint Warfare Publications (JWPs) and keeping up a chain of importance of such productions. At the start of any thought of the law of furnished clash, it must be underlined that the privilege of the gatherings to the contention to pick techniques on the other hand method for fighting is not boundless .

Clustering feature of metal atoms in pentacene molecular solids: first-principles study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunta Watanabe ◽  
Yoko Tomita ◽  
Kohei Kawabata ◽  
Takashi NAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Metal Atom ◽  
First Principles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Molecular Solids ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
First Principles Study ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Impurity Metal

Abstract Metal-atom contamination often induces the degradation of organic molecular devices. In this work, we studied clustering feature of Au and Al impurity metal atoms in pentacene solids by the first-principles calculations. We found that Au atoms prefer to produce clusters in a molecule-edge space due to the strong bonding among Au atoms, and such clusters can increase their sizes by producing molecule vacancies. On the other hand, Al atom prefers to locate separately around the center of pentacene molecules due to the strong bonding between Al atom and surrounding molecules, which produces the scattering distribution of Al atoms in pentacene solids.

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