Initiating the Millennium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Collis ◽  
Natalie Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Israel Society ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Western Esotericism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
New Israel

This book, the first of its kind in English, examines an initiatic society known by various names—Illuminés d’Avignon, the Avignon Society, the Union, the New Israel Society—that flourished in Berlin, Avignon, Rome, and St. Petersburg, between 1779 and 1807. The founding members of this society forged a group that embraced strands of Western esotericism (particularly alchemy and arithmancy) within an all-pervading millenarian worldview. Whilst the society incorporated aspects of high-degree Freemasonry, it was never merely a para-masonic fraternity. Instead, it offered entry into a religious community of the elect for men, women, and children who anticipated the imminent onset of the millennium. Consecrates were also able to seek divine advice from the so-called Holy Word, partake in alchemical operations to perfect the philosophers’ stone, and invoke guardian angels. As this study demonstrates, the group retained its millenarian worldview and belief in prophetic mediation with Heaven throughout its existence. But it also experienced pronounced doctrinal shifts. Notably, the early espousal of Swedenborgianism was jettisoned in late 1788 and replaced by an embrace of Marianism. This change reflected a contested turn away from a more ecumenical outlook to a more conventional Catholic society. Further, although the society ceased to function in 1807, this study examines the enduring legacy of the group in Russia and its direct influence on Emperor Alexander through the prophetess Madame Bouche, who spent two years at the imperial court (1819 to 1821). It draws on a wealth of archival material from across Europe, which reflects the pan-European composition of the society itself.

The Legacy of the New Israel Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 192-205
Author(s):  
Robert Collis ◽  
Natalie Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Israel Society ◽  
New Israel

This chapter examines the legacy of the New Israel Society in Russia in the aftermath of Tadeusz Grabianka’s arrest and subsequent death in prison in October 1807. More specifically, it carries out a study of how two members of the New Israel Society—N. F. Pleshcheeva and A. A. Lenivtsev—were able to form a relatively tight-knit circle of like-minded millenarians that soon came to include the powerful government ministers A. N. Golitsyn and R. A. Koshelev. The chapter also examines the links between the so-called Pleshcheeva Circle and the well-known prophetess Barbara von Krüdener in the early 1820s.

Administration and gender in Eretz Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zipora Shehory-Rubin
Keyword(s):  
School Leadership ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
Head Teachers ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Role Based

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the significance of the incidence of female principals in the urban sector of Eretz Israel, against the background of growing Jewish society, through the prism of which we can view the development of modern Hebrew education during the waning Ottoman rule. Design/methodology/approach – In addition to the archival material, contemporary newspapers provided an important source, as did memoirs of prominent people that, to some extent, filled in the “gaps”, more on the running of the schools and less on the activities of the four principals. Findings – A survey of the archival material reveals that the four women share biographical elements, their talents, personalities and education obtained abroad, style of school leadership and organization, not to mention their moral contribution to the education of girls in Eretz Israel. Practical implications – One may point to other fields in which women began to play a more prominent role, based on European training and experience. For instance, in medicine and a modern approach to midwifery, From 1900, modern trained female doctors, nurses and midwives began to be employed in hospitals and private practices around the country, helping to radically reduce childbirth fatalities and allowing women to consult a woman practitioner where before they had been unwilling to expose themselves to men. Although a direct link between the earlier presence of female educational administrators and the entry of women doctors may be difficult to establish, the atmosphere had certainly begun to change. Social implications – From that period on, during the British Mandate, and after the creation of the State of Israel, immense changes have been instituted. One can view the seeds of these changes as, at least in part, having been planted by the pioneering work of our four women. There were far reaching developments in the conception of female management from the time of the Ottoman rule through the period of the British Mandate. Originality/value – This research shines a light on a forgotten world and pursues a phenomenon not yet revealed in Zionist historiography − the running of girls’ schools by women in the Jewish community, under the dying Ottoman regime. The study allows us a deeper insight into the historical educational processes that fashioned the profession of head teachers, via pioneering female principals. Female administration in a patriarchal society, with a hegemonic male orientation that placed man at the centre and woman as secondary, faced these problems, obstacles and opposition. Women who were appointed to run schools had to justify their position by imitating the “masculine” style of management and to carry out their work − both pedagogical and administrative − without organizational, social or emotional support. They suffered opposition, internal (their male teaching staff) and external (from patrons and the religious community) and the need to respond to their criticism.

Light from the North

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-191
Author(s):  
Robert Collis ◽  
Natalie Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Pivotal Role ◽  
New Members ◽  
Israel Society ◽  
The North ◽  
New Israel

This chapter explores the five-year period between 1802 and 1807 when key members of the Avignon Society relocated to St. Petersburg in Russia. It carries out an in-depth examination of the pivotal role played by Natal’ia Pleshcheeva, the widow of Sergei Pleshcheev, the first Russian initiate of the Avignon Society, in harbouring leaders of the society in her home between 1802 and 1805. The chapter also examines the time Grabianka spent in Galicia and Podolia between 1803 and 1805, prior to his arrival in the Russian capital, when he succeeded in recruiting a number of rich, pro-Russian members of the Polish nobility. The bulk of the chapter then focuses on Grabianka’s residence in St. Petersburg between August 1805 and his arrest in February 1807, when he oversaw the initiation of over sixty new members, from among the highest echelons of the Russian nobility, into what was now known as the New Israel Society.

scholarly journals Konotacje starotestamentalnej idei Reszty Izraela w odniesieniu do Kościoła z Ewangelii według świętego Mateusza

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Dariusz Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
The People ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Friendship With God ◽  
New Israel ◽  
The Church

The idea of The Rest of Israel contained in Old Testament unites with the idea of the judgment and punishment. However thanks to God’s mercy there takes place the conversion, which should lead to the constitution of The Holy Rest. This idea speaks about the Righteous, who will survive Jehovah’s punishment, that means who will accept the religious attitude towards Messiah. This new population will not be connected with the society of one nation only. It will be the New Israel, in the qualitative regard to the eschatological society, living in friendship with God. Jesus witnesses by his live and activity about the possibility of the realization of the Messianic forecasts from the Old Testament. Instead of the unfaithful Israel appears new God’s nation, the Jesus’ Church. The rejection of Jesus will mean the loss of the exclusive right of Israel to be the God’s nation. The new nation, which will be plentiful of the fruits of The Heavenly Kingdom will be endowed with this privilege.The Church in the Gospel according to Saint Matthew was presented in comparison to the Israeli nation; it illustrates the contrast in relation to the former, unfaithful nation. However there exists the connection between Israel in The Old Testament, and The Jesus’ Church. The new God’s nation appears on the base of the former Jewish national and religious community. Therefore this church is rather the continuation of the former Israel. The true Israel observed the Jesus’ teachings. The new God’s nation deserves to be called the real Israel with regard to the unification of its members with God by the baptism and obedience before God. The Church is both the actualization and the realization of the Heavenly Kingdom on earth. Saint Peter is the foundation of the new Messianic nation. His task is to lead man to the God’s Kingdom, which is also the main idea of the activity of the Church. It is the dynamic reality, which will be fully manifested in the final times. The Christians are The New Rest. It is the people, whose task consists in the creation of the new perfect God’s nation.

scholarly journals The esoteric milieu in Finland today

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Jussi Sohlberg
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
Western Esotericism ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran

As in the other Scandinavian countries, so in Finland an exceptionally high percentage of the population belongs to a religious community. Today, about 82 per cent of Finns are members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. However, the picture of the Finnish religious and spiritual landscape is more complex than it may at first appear. The project ‘Religions in Finland’ was started in 2003. The project is a joint-effort of the Church Research Institute and the Research Network for the Study of New Religious Movements. The aim is to create an electronic database for describing, mapping and analysing religious associations and communities in Finland (active ones and also those that no longer exist). In August 2007 there were 777 communities and organizations listed in the database. They are classified into ten categories representing religious traditions according to their historical and cultural background. There are 29 organizations classified under the category Western esotericism. This article presents a general overview of the major and recently founded esoteric groups in Finland, most of which are registered associations.

scholarly journals Brüchige "Heimatfront". Mobilisierung und Überleben im Hinterland im Ersten Weltkrieg

2021 ◽  
pp. 479-509
Author(s):  
Ernst Langthaler
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First World

The Fragile “Home Front”. Mobilisation and Livelihood in the Hinterland during the First World War. The imagined community of the “Home Front” in the First World War demanded a high degree of “willingness to make sacrifices” from members of civil society, above all women and children, in order to mobilise their (im-)material resources for the war effort. However, as revealed by the fields of the “food front” and the “school front”, the creation of an imperial community of sacrifice ultimately failed – not only on the empire’s periphery, but also in the centre: the imperial capital of Vienna and the Lower Austrian heartland. This attempt at community-building failed due to internal tensions rather than external opponents of the war: victimised groups of wartime society mobilised counter-movements, thereby depriving the civil and military authorities of their legitimacy.

scholarly journals Integral traditionalism and philosophia perennis in the context of European culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Vladislav Yeryomin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Studies ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Tradition ◽  
Western Esotericism ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The article examines the school of integral traditionalism as an intellectual phenomenon of European culture of the XX-XXI centuries. An excursion was made into the history of the formation of this phenomenon, an overview of its directions, personalities and key concepts. The connection of traditionalism with idealistic philosophy, Romanticism, right-wing ideologies and academic religious studies is traced. The study concluded that integral traditionalism, as a special form of Western esotericism, is an organic part of European culture. Its place in the space of the latter can be represented in the form of a diagram consisting of three circles. The largest of them will represent idealistic philosophy as a whole (from the origins to the present day). The circle of a smaller diameter inscribed in it will be perennialism – a system of ideas about Philosophia perennis as a common source and secret (esoteric) content of different religions and spiritual teachings. An even smaller circle inscribed in the second circle will be integral traditionalism itself as the most "concentrated" form of perennialism, characterized by a high degree of rationalization and self-removal from the semantic codes of Modern and Postmodern. Moreover, all the three circles can be divided into two parts – connected with a living spiritual tradition (through initiation) and devoid of such a connection. As a form of Western esotericism, integral traditionalism claims a fundamentally "gnostic" status. This feature separates it both from religion, in which, in the words of R. Guenon, "intellectual elements are mixed with emotional", and from secular science, which, with all its rigor and objectivity, remains entirely a "profane" phenomenon. At the same time, the principles of traditionalism, distinguished by their "holistic" character, have prospects of application to various fields of humanitarian knowledge.

Tissue section lifting for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Adrian F. van Dellen
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Organ System ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Determination ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

The morphologic pathologist may require information on the ultrastructure of a non-specific lesion seen under the light microscope before he can make a specific determination. Such lesions, when caused by infectious disease agents, may be sparsely distributed in any organ system. Tissue culture systems, too, may only have widely dispersed foci suitable for ultrastructural study. In these situations, when only a few, small foci in large tissue areas are useful for electron microscopy, it is advantageous to employ a methodology which rapidly selects a single tissue focus that is expected to yield beneficial ultrastructural data from amongst the surrounding tissue. This is in essence what "LIFTING" accomplishes. We have developed LIFTING to a high degree of accuracy and repeatability utilizing the Microlift (Fig 1), and have successfully applied it to tissue culture monolayers, histologic paraffin sections, and tissue blocks with large surface areas that had been initially fixed for either light or electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy in Molecular Biology

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Cecil E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Shadow Casting ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

The visualization of organic macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, viruses and virus components has reached its high degree of effectiveness owing to refinements and reliability of instruments and to the invention of methods for enhancing the structure of these materials within the electron image. The latter techniques have been most important because what can be seen depends upon the molecular and atomic character of the object as modified which is rarely evident in the pristine material. Structure may thus be displayed by the arts of positive and negative staining, shadow casting, replication and other techniques. Enhancement of contrast, which delineates bounds of isolated macromolecules has been effected progressively over the years as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 by these methods. We now look to the future wondering what other visions are waiting to be seen. The instrument designers will need to exact from the arts of fabrication the performance that theory has prescribed as well as methods for phase and interference contrast with explorations of the potentialities of very high and very low voltages. Chemistry must play an increasingly important part in future progress by providing specific stain molecules of high visibility, substrates of vanishing “noise” level and means for preservation of molecular structures that usually exist in a solvated condition.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

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