Making Hierarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-176
Author(s):  
Andrew Chittick
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The North ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Regional Basis ◽  
Honor Violence

Chapter 6, “Making Hierarchy: Garrison, Court, and the Structure of Jiankang Politics,” analyzes the contrasting political cultures of two functional/occupational groups: garrison and court. While garrison culture emphasized relatively fluid patron-client ties, personal honor, violence, and vengeance, court culture emphasized rigid status hierarchy, calm restraint, and skillful deployment of the Sinitic paideia. The imperial household played a key brokerage role between the two cultures, but the garrisons dominated the process of imperial succession, which did not follow the rules of primogeniture and was always contested. The chapter then uses the Churen group (jituan) of the early fifth century as a case study to demonstrate that the strong regional basis of patron-client cliques, though similar in many ways to the rise of military groups such as the Tabgatch Compatriots in the north, did not result in significant ethnogenesis. The chapter offers as an alternative the model, taken from studies of Southeast Asian regimes, of the “man of prowess.”

scholarly journals Reconceptualizing Indianization: A Study of the Art of the Local Female Deities

MANUSYA ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-31
Author(s):  
Rattanaporn Poungpattana
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Real ◽  
Female Deities ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Asian People

It was formerly known and agreed generally that the earliest Southeast Asian people did not create their own civilization, but adopted models from India. Accordingly, civilization in Southeast Asia is called "Indianization". Yet there are three mains schools of thought giving different views of the characteristics of Southeast Asian civilization. While the first school, led by Coedes, points out that civilization in Southeast Asia is not so different from its Indian models, the second school, led by Wolters, suggests that Southeast Asian civilization is completely different from the Indian one due to the process called 'localization'. Compromisingly, the last school, led by Mabbett, proposes the harmonious living of the two cultures in local societies. As the debates are still uncompromised, the article offers the examination of the case study of female deities in an attempt to compromise those debates. According to the observation on the case study, it can be summed up that Wolters and Mabbett's suggestions seem closer to the real situation, and that Southeast Asia has its own typical civilization.

What Went Wrong? Lessons Learned from Studying ERP Implementation Across Cultures

2005 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Celia Romm Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Erp Implementation ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Case Study Data

Following a literature review that sets this research in context, case study data from two companies, one in the United States and one in Israel, are presented. Data are used to compare the implementation process of SAP Enterprise Planning Systems (ERPs) in the two cultures. The unique patterns of the implementation process that emerge from the two case studies are discussed as examples of the decision-making patterns typical of the two cultures. When relevant, areas where the findings did not agree with the theory are highlighted. The conclusions section explores the implications from this research to broader issues of ERP implementation across cultures, including the implementation of ERP systems within the higher education sector, and possible directions for future research emanating from this study.

Military and Civilian: Reconfiguring the End of Roman Britain in the North

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Petts
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The North ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Dominant Narratives ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes

This study explores the impact of recent discoveries on our understanding of the transition from the Roman to early medieval periods in northern England. Using the Tees Valley as a case study, it shows how modern interpretations of this process have focused primarily on the afterlife of the military sites in the region. However, the increased identification of significant Roman civilian settlements forces us to reconsider the dominant narratives and rethink the underlying processes that influenced the move from Roman-controlled frontier society in the fourth century to a fifth century society comprising both culturally Anglo-Saxon social groups and sub-Roman successor polities. A wider consideration is also given to how the changing patterns in the use of space and in refuse disposal strategies can be used to shed light on wider patterns of changing social identity in the later fourth century AD.

Rice balls and bear hunts: Japanese and North American family narrative patterns

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Minami ◽  
Allyssa McCabe
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
American Children ◽  
Japanese Mothers

ABSTRACTIn past research, the form of Japanese children's personal narratives was found to be distinctly different from that of English-speaking children. Despite follow-up questions that encouraged them to talk about one personal narrative at length, Japanese children spoke succinctly about collections of experiences rather than elaborating on any one experience in particular (Minami & McCabe, 1991). Conversations between mothers and children in the two cultures were examined in order partly to account for the way in which cultural narrative style is transmitted to children. Comparison of mothers from the two cultures yielded the following salient contrasts: (1) In comparison to the North American mothers, the Japanese mothers requested proportionately less description from their children. (2) Both in terms of frequency and proportion, the Japanese mothers gave less evaluation and showed more verbal attention to children than did North American mothers. (3) Japanese mothers pay verbal attention more frequently to boys than to girls. In addition, at five years, Japanese children produce 1·22 utterances per turn on average, while North American children produce 2·00 utterances per turn, a significant difference. Thus, by frequently showing verbal attention to their children's narrative contributions, Japanese mothers not only support their children's talk about the past but also make sure that it begins to take the shape of narration valued in their culture. The production of short narratives in Japan is understood and valued differently from such production in North America.

Observations of the U.S. Principalship: A Cross-Cultural Perspective from a Kenyan Headmaster

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
J. Malilo Barasa ◽  
Crystal J. Gips ◽  
Richard J. Hazler
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Strategies For Change ◽  
The U.S

This paper arises from a Kenyan headmaster's personal observations of U.S. principals. As a case study, it provides an analysis of U.S. educational leadership by comparing the roles of U.S. principals and Kenyan headmasters. Similarities and differences in roles are noted as they emerge from the values of the two cultures. The impacts of the different approaches to school leadership are considered, especially as they allow for insights into potential alterations in the practices of U.S. principals. The paper concludes with a series of recommended strategies for change in school leadership, which answer the needs identified in the current literature on educational reform.

‘Writing back’: literary satire and Oskar Panizza’s Psichopatia criminalis (1898)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Lang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Medical Case ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Central Form

Late nineteenth-century and fin-de-siècle writers first engaged with the case study genre in its psychiatric and psychoanalytic manifestations by means of satire, as recounted in Chapter 3. This chapter contrasts the interpretative powers of modern sexual publics and professional elites with the agency of the writer. It does so through enquiry into Panizza’s satirical and delusional negotiation of the boundaries between the two ‘cultures’ of art and science (pace C. P. Snow). Panizza’s first exposure to the case study genre was in the context of his training as a psychiatrist. More than a decade before Freud’s elaborations on the psychoanalytic case, Panizza made the human case study a central form in his literary oeuvre. Panizza anti-psychiatric dystopian work Psichopatia criminalis, represents the only persiflage of a medical case study compilation in European literature. Yet his engagement with the case study genre remains haunted by his own unruly psyche.

Sport and nationalism in the Republic of North Macedonia

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vasiliki P. Neofotistos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National History ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic

Using the Republic of North Macedonia as a case study, this article analyzes the processes through which national sports teams’ losing performance acquires a broad social and political significance. I explore claims to sporting victory as a direct product of political forces in countries located at the bottom of the global hierarchy that participate in a wider system of coercive rule, frequently referred to as empire. I also analyze how public celebrations of claimed sporting victories are intertwined with nation-building efforts, especially toward the global legitimization of a particular version of national history and heritage. The North Macedonia case provides a fruitful lens through which we can better understand unfolding sociopolitical developments, whereby imaginings of the global interlock with local interests and needs, in the Balkans and beyond.

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