Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Kathy Peiss
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Chance Discovery ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
American Research ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services ◽  
The University

This book grew out of a chance discovery of an online memorial to an uncle I never knew. Reuben Peiss had been a librarian at Harvard when World War II began, and like many in academia, he was recruited into the Office of Strategic Services, the nation’s first intelligence agency. As a field agent based in Lisbon and Bern, he developed a network of book dealers and private individuals to acquire timely publications for intelligence analysis. When the Allies pushed into Germany, he worked with documents-gathering teams to uncover records of war crimes, caches of Nazi propaganda, and book collections buried in caves and mines. After the war, he headed an overseas mission of the Library of Congress to acquire works published in wartime Germany and occupied countries for American research libraries. When he returned, he worked in the State Department and taught at the library school of the University of California, Berkeley. Plagued with chronic illness, he lived a short life, dying in 1952 at age forty....

“A Woman's World”: The University of California, Berkeley, During the Second World War

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dorn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Home Front ◽  
University Of California ◽  
World War ◽  
Young Women's Christian Association ◽  
Christian Fellowship ◽  
The University

The fairer sex takes over and the campus becomes a woman's world. They step in and fill the shoes of the departing men and they reveal a wealth of undiscovered ability. The fate of the A.S.U.C. [Associated Students of the University of California] and its activities rests in their hands and they assume the responsibility of their new tasks with sincerity and confidence. —Blue and Gold, University of California, Berkeley, 1943During World War II, female students at the University of California, Berkeley—then the most populous undergraduate campus in American higher education—made significant advances in collegiate life. In growing numbers, women enrolled in male-dominated academic programs, including mathematics, chemistry, and engineering, as they prepared for home-front employment in fields traditionally closed to them. Women also effectively opposed gendered restrictions on extracurricular participation, filling for the first time such influential campus leadership positions as the presidency of Berkeley's student government and editorship of the university's student newspaper. Female students at Berkeley also furthered activist causes during the war years, with the University Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) serving as one of the most popular outlets for their political engagement. Historically rooted in a mission of Christian fellowship, by the 1940s the University YWCA held progressive positions on many of the nation's central social, political, and economic issues. Throughout the war years, women dedicated to promoting civil liberties, racial equality, and international understanding led the organization in its response to two of the most egregious civil rights violations in U.S. history: racial segregation and Japanese internment.

Introduction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Neumann ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Otto Kircheimer ◽  
Raymond Geuss
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
World War ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Section ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services

This introduction discusses the Frankfurt School's contribution to the United States' World War II effort. In particular, it examines the role played by three German scholars and prominent members of the Frankfurt School: Franz Neumann, Herbert Marcuse, and Otto Kirchheimer. As political analysts at the Research and Analysis Branch of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the first American intelligence agency, Neumann, Marcuse, and Kirchheimer prepared intelligence reports on Nazi Germany. The chapter considers how, by adapting Critical Theory to the American cultural and bureaucratic machine, the Frankfurt group was rapidly able to impose their own “intellectual guidance” on the Central European Section, a Research and Analysis Branch subdivision charged with analyzing and studying Nazi Germany (as well as Austria and the other Central European countries).

scholarly journals Assessing Information Literacy among Undergraduates: A Discussion of the Literature and the University of California-Berkeley Assessment Experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Davitt Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
National Standards ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Academic Departments ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Information Literacy Skills ◽  
The University ◽  
Fundamental Conclusion

Although national standards for information literacy have been developed and approved by the Association of College and Research Libraries, little is known about the extent to which undergraduates meet these or earlier sets of standards. Since 1994, the Teaching Library at the University of California-Berkeley has conducted an ongoing Survey of Information Literacy Competencies in selected academic departments to measure the “lower-order” information literacy skills of graduating seniors. The most fundamental conclusion that can be drawn from this survey is that students think they know more about accessing information and conducting library research than they are able to demonstrate when put to the test. The University of California-Berkeley library experience is consistent with earlier study findings that students continue to be confused by the elementary conventions for organizing and accessing information.

Design and Social Change: An Architectural History of the University of California, Santa Barbara

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-255
Author(s):  
Julia Diane Larson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
University Of California ◽  
World War ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
University Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT The University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), campus as it stands today appears as an architectural mash-up of midcentury modern institutional buildings, both low rise and high rise; a smattering of World War II–era wooden buildings; 1970s-style double wide trailers; and new science buildings built by a who's who of internationally famous architects. In this case study, the author shows how the UCSB campus's architectural history mirrors the post–World War II boom in educational facilities throughout California and the social, cultural, and architectural history of the region as a whole. The key to discovering this history is archival research, both at the University Archives at the UCSB Library, as well as at the architecture-specific Architecture and Design Collection at the Art, Design & Architecture Museum on campus. In this case study, the author explains how the architectural history can be traced through the archival records to more fully understand the history of the campus.

Secret Reports on Nazi Germany

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Neumann ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Otto Kirchheimer ◽  
Raymond Geuss
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Herbert Marcuse ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services ◽  
German Jewish

During World War II, three prominent members of the Frankfurt School—Franz Neumann, Herbert Marcuse, and Otto Kirchheimer—worked as intelligence analysts for the Office of Strategic Services, the wartime forerunner of the CIA. This book brings together their most important intelligence reports on Nazi Germany, most of them published here for the first time. These reports provide a fresh perspective on Adolf Hitler's regime and the Second World War, and a fascinating window on Frankfurt School critical theory. They develop a detailed analysis of Nazism as a social and economic system and the role of anti-Semitism in Nazism, as well as a coherent plan for the reconstruction of postwar Germany as a democratic political system with a socialist economy. These reports played a significant role in the development of postwar Allied policy, including denazification and the preparation of the Nuremberg Trials. They also reveal how wartime intelligence analysis shaped the intellectual agendas of these three important German–Jewish scholars who fled Nazi persecution prior to the war. The book features a foreword and a comprehensive general introduction that puts these writings in historical and intellectual context.

An Analysis and Bibliography of Recent African Atlases

1962 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Richard E. Dahlberg ◽  
Benjamin E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
University Of California ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
The University

Some of the most accessible sources for African maps are the new atlases which have been published since World War II. If we interpret the term “atlas” loosely so as to include any assemblage of maps which can be placed on a book shelf, the range of subject materials covered is surprisingly large -- from agriculture to zoogeography. But despite the wealth of data which is presented in convenient map form, it is difficult to obtain information about atlases and their contents. The purpose of this article is to provide a guide to the kinds of information which is available, and a list of atlases and other publications with African maps which have appeared since 1945. The analysis is based mainly upon atlases examined at the Map Division in the Library of Congress, at the American Geographical Society in New York, and at the University of California, Los Angeles. A few additional atlases were obtained through inter-library loan. Mrs. Clara Egli LeGear, of the Map Division, Library of Congress, provided especially helpful bibliographic aid at the early stages of the survey. This article is a part of a research project supported by the African Studies Center at U. C. L. A. More extension listings of African maps and atlases are in preparation; the authors would therefore welcome comments upon errors or omissions which may be noted in the article.

scholarly journals ROBERT E. WARD

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 379-380
Author(s):  
Ralph J. Gerson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Science ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
World War ◽  
Japanese Studies ◽  
The University

Professor Emeritus Robert E. Ward of Stanford University died at the age of 93 on December 7, 2009, in Portola Valley, California. Dr. Ward was a professor of political science and the first director of the Center for Research in International Studies at Stanford University from 1973 to 1987. He was also a senior fellow of the Hoover Institution. Dr. Ward received his B.A. degree from Stanford University in 1936 and his Ph.D. from the University of California (Berkeley) in 1948. During World War II, he served in U.S. Naval Intelligence, receiving the Legion of Merit award. From 1948 to 1973, Dr. Ward was on the faculty of the University of Michigan. Professor Ward joined the Stanford faculty in 1973, serving as a professor of political science from 1973 to 1987 and Director of the Center for Japanese Studies from 1965 to 1968 and 1971 to 1973.

The Postwar Intelligence Debate and the CIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
David P. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Central Intelligence Agency ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Covert Action ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
The Press ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services ◽  
The Military ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations

This chapter examines the dissolution of the World War II–era U.S. intelligence agency, the Office of Strategic Services. Facing competition from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the military intelligence services, and without a strong political patron, the OSS was not maintained after the war as many of its members wished. Beyond desiring that the OSS continue to function, many of its members articulated a clear ideology of intelligence, calling for a centralized, activist agency that could both gather secret intelligence and conduct covert warfare. This model was at odds with the collection and coordination focus of the early Central Intelligence Agency. While initially unsuccessful, the OSS vision ultimately triumphed in part because of the cultivation of key members of the press. The press was especially important owing to its criticism of the CIA for failures of prediction while remaining silent on covert operations; thus, failed operations did not impede advocates for covert action, while advocates for an agency focused on collection and analysis labored under unrealistic expectations.

Information Hunters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Peiss
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Total War ◽  
Postwar Reconstruction ◽  
Military Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Information Hunters examines the unprecedented American effort to acquire foreign publications and information in World War II Europe. An unlikely band of librarians, scholars, soldiers, and spies went to Europe to collect books and documents to aid the Allies’ cause. They traveled to neutral cities to find enemy publications for intelligence analysis and followed advancing armies to capture records in a massive program of confiscation. After the war, they seized Nazi works from bookstores and schools and gathered countless looted Jewish books. Improvising library techniques in wartime conditions, they contributed to Allied intelligence, preserved endangered books, engaged in restitution, and participated in the denazification of book collections. Information Hunters explores what collecting meant to the men and women who embarked on these missions and how the challenges of a total war led to an intense focus on books and documents. It uncovers the worlds of collecting, in spy-ridden Stockholm and Lisbon, in liberated Paris and devastated Berlin, and in German caves and mineshafts. The wartime collecting missions had lasting effects. They intensified the relationship between libraries and academic institutions, on the one hand, and the government and military, on the other. Book and document acquisition became part of the apparatus of national security, military planning, and postwar reconstruction. These efforts also spurred the development of information science and boosted research libraries’ ambitions to be great national repositories for research and the dissemination of knowledge that would support American global leadership, politically and intellectually.

Asian American Spies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Masaru Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
European American ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Imperial Japan ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services

Asian Americans were brought into the Office of Strategic Services, forerunner of the CIA, during World War II under the assumption of a secure loyalty. They served as research analysts, special operations members, morale operations propagandists, secret agents gathering covert intelligence, and, after the war, as war crimes investigators in East Asia where their cultural and linguistic skills, coupled with the correct racial uniforms, made them invaluable to America’s first centralized intelligence agency. These agents were drawn from New York City to Honolulu, where Asian immigrants and their American-born offspring had developed loyalties that were multiple and flexible, not singular and fixed. Despite this, European American OSS recruiters admitted them even as they believed their own loyalty was more certain and fixed, since they hailed from families with roots reaching far back into America’s past. In their joint struggle against the Imperial Japanese forces, these Asian Americans and their European American OSS colleagues generated propaganda to demoralize the enemy and encourage surrender, gathered overt intelligence from a wide variety of media sources, obtained covert intelligence inside enemy-occupied territory, and trained and executed guerrilla operations scores of miles behind the battle lines where, if captured, they faced torture and execution. Immediately after the war, they conducted war crimes investigations that included some Asian American collaborators, raising questions about the meaning of loyalty. The end result of their activities was not only the satisfaction of seeing Imperial Japan defeated, but a new understanding of loyalty, race, and Asian Americans.

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