Strategies for Active Learning in Music Classrooms

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Grouping Students ◽  
Games And Simulations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Music Classrooms

Chapter 9 provides a focus on learner-centered pedagogy and a move away from the transmission model of teaching leads to active learning. I open this chapter with an extended discussion of some of the various types of group work including cooperative as well as collaborative learning groups. Cooperative groups work together on a task that is most often presented or designed by the instructor whereas collaborative groups are often involved in task generation as well as completion. Strategies for grouping students as well as room set-up, planning for group work, and assessment of group activities are addressed. The second part of the chapter provides suggestions for specific types of problem-based learning including case-based teaching, games, and simulations.

scholarly journals How much structuring is beneficial with regard to examination scores? A prospective study of three forms of active learning

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus H. Reinhardt ◽  
Evelyne N. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
A Prospective Study

Many studies have demonstrated a superiority of active learning forms compared with traditional lecture. However, there is still debate as to what degree structuring is necessary with regard to high exam outcomes. Seventy-five students from a premedical school were randomly attributed to an active lecture group, a cooperative group, or a collaborative learning group. The active lecture group received lectures with questions to resolve at the end of the lecture. At the same time, the cooperative group and the collaborative group had to work on a problem and prepare presentations for their answers. The collaborative group worked in a mostly self-directed manner; the cooperative group had to follow a time schedule. For the additional work of preparing the poster presentation, the collaborative and cooperative groups were allowed 50% more working time. In part 1, all groups worked on the citric acid cycle, and in part 2, all groups worked on molecular genetics. Collaborative groups had to work on tasks and prepare presentations for their answers. At the end of each part, all three groups were subjected to the same exam. Additionally, in the collaborative and cooperative groups, the presentations were marked. All evaluations were performed by two independent examiners. Exam results of the active lecture groups were highest. Results of the cooperative group were nonsignificantly lower than the active lecture group and significantly higher than the collaborative group. The presentation quality was nonsignificantly higher in the collaborative group compared with the cooperative group. This study shows that active lecturing produced the highest exam results, which significantly differed from collaborative learning results. The additional elaboration in the cooperative and collaborative learning setting yielded the high presentation quality but apparently could not contribute further to exam scores. Cooperative learning seems to be a good compromise if high exam and presentation scores are expected.

scholarly journals Active Learning with Bayesian UNet for Efficient Semantic Image Segmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Isah Charles Saidu ◽  
Lehel Csató
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Semantic Image Segmentation ◽  
Batch Normalization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Image Datasets

We present a sample-efficient image segmentation method using active learning, we call it Active Bayesian UNet, or AB-UNet. This is a convolutional neural network using batch normalization and max-pool dropout. The Bayesian setup is achieved by exploiting the probabilistic extension of the dropout mechanism, leading to the possibility to use the uncertainty inherently present in the system. We set up our experiments on various medical image datasets and highlight that with a smaller annotation effort our AB-UNet leads to stable training and better generalization. Added to this, we can efficiently choose from an unlabelled dataset.

scholarly journals Research based on the development trend of world language

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Man Xiao ◽  
Long Mao ◽  
Hongmei Meng ◽  
Jinping Liu ◽  
Huan  Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Grey Prediction ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
World Language ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
Set Up

Multicoloured languages play an irreplaceable role in the whole world as a useful communication tool. With the development of technology and science, varieties of languages have an ideal prospective tendency to evolution during the long and wonderful history. Will they be thriving or decaying?To begin with, aimed to gain general tendency about the quantity of languages’ speakers, we employ the Grey prediction to capture associative curve which can be seen in figure(1). From the trend of this vivid figure, we not only can come to the conclusion that the number of English and Chinese users tend to increase but also find that Spanish development will reach the period of stagnation.Secondly, for further improvement, we take birth rate, death rate, economic factors and the immigration into consideration and establish the language communication model. This model is deduced from the population prediction model and virus transmission model. After data normalization, the eventual curve indicates that current top-ten languages seem to be replace by other languages. This transformation phenomenon also occurs among such top-ten languages. For instance, Hindustani will replace Spanish in the future when seen from table(1).What’s more, after predicting the migration pattern, we can draw the conclusion that some range of languages’ dissemination has obvious change. As show in vivid figure(14), we know English will popularize widely among neighbouring countries such as Canada, Mexico, Cuba and Russia.Moreover, with regard to how to manage international offices’ quantity and locations in the world, we construct the efficiency model with combination of the Bayes’ probability theory and Fussy comprehensive assessment. As a result, we obtain 9 optimal plans to establish the international offices. Intelligible result is showed in table(4) and table(5).Furthermore, taking the variation of global communication and shortage of nature resource into consideration, therefore, we propose the international company to set up no more than 5 offices. And 5 offices tend to be the most optimal plan.In short, our model is reasonable and feasible, which can accommodate to different situation.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effects of Group Work on the Relationship Between Motivation and Cognitive Load

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Costley ◽  
Christopher Lange
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Formal Learning ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Formal Groups ◽  
Learning Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cyber University

<p class="3">Semi-formal learning is used to describe learning that is directed towards the goals of a formal learning institution but outside of the learning structure of a specific class. Students studying online may form semi-formal groups to increase their knowledge of the content by interacting with other learners taking the same class. This study of cyber university students (n = 2042) involved looking at the relationship between semi-formal learning groups and levels of germane load.  Furthermore, this study sought to understand what role group work plays in moderating the relationship between motivation and germane load. This study found that highly motivated students had higher levels of germane load, and that group work negatively moderated that relationship. In other words, while all students benefited from group work, students with lower levels of motivation benefited more than students with high levels of motivation. This research fills an important gap by showing the value this type of group work can have for all learners, particularly those who may otherwise struggle.</p>

Organizing ODIN: a case study in European academic co-operation

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dowrick ◽  
J.L. Vázquez-Barquero ◽  
G. Wilkinson ◽  
C. Wilkinson ◽  
V. Lehtinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
International Research ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
International Network ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Principal Investigators ◽  
Set Up

SummaryThe European Commission is an increasingly important source of funding for international research projects and is due to announce its Framework 5 program early in 1999. The Outcomes of Depression International Network (ODIN), funded from the current EC Biomed 2 program, is a case study in European academic co-operation. Its organization has three key elements. First, engaging the principal investigators: this has involved identifying potential partners, ensuring reciprocity of interests, effective co-ordination, `dividing the spoils' in advance, and setting up good personal and electronic communication systems. Second, an esprit de corps has been created amongst the researchers, maintaining contact and consistency, and promoting higher degrees. Third, ongoing problems including difficulties in negotiations with the EC, divergence of detailed study methods, and isolation and demoralization amongst researchers, have been addressed. ODIN may provide a useful model for researchers wishing to set up international collaborative groups.

scholarly journals Annotating Speaker Stance in Discourse: The Brexit Blog Corpus

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Simaki ◽  
Carita Paradis ◽  
Maria Skeppstedt ◽  
Magnus Sahlgren ◽  
Kostiantyn Kucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Annotation Process ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Gold Standard Corpus ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Level Of Agreement

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the possibility of identifying speaker stance in discourse, provide an analytical resource for it and an evaluation of the level of agreement across speakers. We also explore to what extent language users agree about what kind of stances are expressed in natural language use or whether their interpretations diverge. In order to perform this task, a comprehensive cognitive-functional framework of ten stance categories was developed based on previous work on speaker stance in the literature. A corpus of opinionated texts was compiled, the Brexit Blog Corpus (BBC). An analytical protocol and interface (Active Learning and Visual Analytics) for the annotations was set up and the data were independently annotated by two annotators. The annotation procedure, the annotation agreements and the co-occurrence of more than one stance in the utterances are described and discussed. The careful, analytical annotation process has returned satisfactory inter- and intra-annotation agreement scores, resulting in a gold standard corpus, the final version of the BBC.

scholarly journals Increasing the Use of Student-Centered Pedagogies from Moderate to High Improves Student Learning and Attitudes about Biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. ar3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgianne L. Connell ◽  
Deborah A. Donovan ◽  
Timothy G. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Formative Assessment ◽  
Item Response ◽  
Cooperative Groups ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Student Demographics ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Item Response Theory Analysis ◽  
Large Enrollment

Student-centered strategies are being incorporated into undergraduate classrooms in response to a call for reform. We tested whether teaching in an extensively student-centered manner (many active-learning pedagogies, consistent formative assessment, cooperative groups; the Extensive section) was more effective than teaching in a moderately student-centered manner (fewer active-learning pedagogies, less formative assessment, without groups; the Moderate section) in a large-enrollment course. One instructor taught both sections of Biology 101 during the same quarter, covering the same material. Students in the Extensive section had significantly higher mean scores on course exams. They also scored significantly higher on a content postassessment when accounting for preassessment score and student demographics. Item response theory analysis supported these results. Students in the Extensive section had greater changes in postinstruction abilities compared with students in the Moderate section. Finally, students in the Extensive section exhibited a statistically greater expert shift in their views about biology and learning biology. We suggest our results are explained by the greater number of active-learning pedagogies experienced by students in cooperative groups, the consistent use of formative assessment, and the frequent use of explicit metacognition in the Extensive section.

Students in learning groups: Active learning through conversation

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (14) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Bouton ◽  
Russell Y. Garth
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Learning Groups
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