On Loving God Contrary to a Divine Command

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-245
Author(s):  
Eric W. Hagedorn
Keyword(s):  
Close Reading ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Q 14 ◽  
To Receive

Among the most widely discussed of William Ockham’s texts on ethics is his Quodlibet III, q. 14. But despite a large literature on this question, there is no consensus on what Ockham’s answer is to the central question raised in it, specifically, what obligations one would have if one were to receive a divine command to not love God. (Surprisingly, there is also little explicit recognition in the literature of this lack of consensus.) Via a close reading of the text, the author argues, contrary to much of the literature, that Ockham believes that if one were given this command, one would be obligated to refrain from loving God and would also be able to fulfill this obligation without any moral wrongdoing. Among other results, this study will help clarify Ockham’s much-discussed claim that loving God is “a necessarily virtuous act.”

Urbaser S.A. and Consorcio de Aguas Bilbao Bizkaia, Bilbao Biskaia Ur Partzuergoa v. The Argentine Republic ICSID

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-750
Author(s):  
David Attanasio ◽  
Tatiana Sainati
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Investment ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Argentine Republic ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
International Human ◽  
To Receive

On December 8, 2016, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal (the Tribunal) held that international human rights condition the treatment that an investor is entitled to receive from a state and that human rights impose obligations on the investor itself. The Tribunal's explicit recognition of these dual consequences of international human rights law breaks new ground. International investment tribunals have not previously held that human rights obligations have any effect on protections due to investors, much less that international human rights law might establish separate obligations for investors.

scholarly journals Transforming Representation: Jacques Derrida and the End of Christianity

Open Theology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Martin Koci
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Central Question ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract The central question of this paper revolves around the problem of representation. Following Jacques Derrida and his critique of representation, this paper will interconnect two, at first sight distinct, topics: Christianity and the world of media. For Derrida, Christianity stands behind our common understanding of representation, whereas the media are the major driving force of any representation today. The central argument of this paper is to unfold this link between Christianity and representation and thus to elaborate on the idea of representation in relation to the end of Christianity announced by Derrida. Firstly, I will review Derrida’s account on the logic of representation. Derrida deems Christianity to be responsible for the logic of representation discernible in today’s media world and offers a devastating critique of the concept. Secondly, I will contextualize Derrida’s approach by pointing out the tension between the modern and postmodern perspectives on representation. Thirdly, I will return to a close reading of Derrida. Fourthly, I will offer a critique of Derrida’s critique and will look further at the possible meanings of ‘the end of Christianity.’

scholarly journals Towards the attainment of mindful bodily relations in music education

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ferm Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Electric Guitar ◽  
Relational Experiences ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Upper Secondary ◽  
To Receive

Recent studies of female guitar students in upper secondary school ensemble education suggest that girls behave, and are encouraged to behave, in more immanent ways than boys. They seem to receive less encouragement to stretch their bodies and become full musical human beings. Instead they become the second musical sex. During the course of my work with the problem of how to create space for girls playing the electric guitar in educational settings, I have continually found myself wondering how to create educational spaces and relations in ways that let all pupils, independent of sex, realize ideas, transcend as musical bodies, and become what they already are. If teachers and pupils are interrelated bodies, teachers must be aware of how they use their bodies when it comes to creating space for all pupils to develop and stretch out their bodies. The actions of the music teacher, as a musical body, must be balanced in relation to the other musical bodies in the room, as well as to physical preconditions, goals, visions, and expectations of the students. In this article, I want to delve into the subject of bodily interaction, teachers’ responsibilities, and questions of intentional educational bodily relations. The aim is to share my close reading of Young’s philosophical thinking regarding gender structures and especially female comportment, motility, and spatiality, and develop a set of prerequisites for intentional bodily (music) educational relations. With a starting point in research-based inspiration and motivation for conducting the current philosophical investigation, I share my close reading of Young’s theories regarding female situated bodies. Continually I relate to excerpts from two interviews with female guitar students, exemplifying musical body-relational experiences. Finally I share and reflect upon a developed thinking about mindful bodily (music) educational relations.

The Passion of the Jews of Prague:The Pogrom of 1389 and the Lessons of a Medieval Parody

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Barbara Newman
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Intended Audience ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
To Receive

Outbreaks of anti-Jewish violence in late medieval cities were hardly rare. For that reason, among others, surviving records are often frustratingly brief and formulaic. Yet, in the case of the pogrom that devastated Prague's Jewish community on Easter 1389, we have an extraordinary source that has yet to receive a close reading. This account, supplementing numerous chronicle entries and a Hebrew poem of lament, is thePassio Iudeorum Pragensium, orPassion of the Jews of Prague—a polished literary text that parodies the gospel of Christ's Passion to celebrate the atrocity. In this article I will first reconstruct the history, background, and aftermath of the pogrom as far as possible, then interrogate thePassioas a scriptural and liturgical parody, for it has a great deal to teach us about the inner workings of medieval anti-Judaism. By “parody” I mean not a humorous work, but a virtuosic pastiche of authoritative texts, such as the Gospels and the Easter liturgy, that would have been known by heart to much of the intended audience. We may like to think of religious parodies as “daring” or “audacious,” seeing in them a progressive ideological force that challenges corrupt institutions, ridicules absurd beliefs, and pokes holes in the pious and the pompous. ButThe Passion of the Jews of Pragueshows that this was by no means always the case.

scholarly journals London Calls? Discrimination of European Job Seekers in the Aftermath of the Brexit Referendum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Di Stasio ◽  
Anthony Francis Heath
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

The central question in this article is whether there was greater discrimination against European applicants in the labor market in those English regions where public opinion was more strongly in favor of Brexit. Using a field experiment conducted immediately after the Brexit Referendum, we provide causal evidence that applicants with EU backgrounds faced discrimination when applying for jobs in England. On average, applicants from EU12 countries and applicants from Eastern European member states were both less likely to receive a callback from employers than were white British applicants. Furthermore, in British regions where support for Brexit was stronger, employers were more likely to discriminate against EU12 applicants. This finding, though, is driven by the more favorable treatment reserved to EU12 applicants applying for jobs in the Greater London area. Eastern Europeans, on the other hand, did not benefit from this ‘London advantage’. Administrative and legal uncertainties over the settlement status of EU nationals cannot explain these findings, as European applicants, both EU12 and Eastern Europeans, faced the same legislative framework in all British regions, including London. Rather, London appears to exhibit a cultural milieu of ‘selective cosmopolitanism’. These findings add to the still limited literature on the relationship between public opinion on immigrants (here proxied by the referendum vote) and the levels of ethnic discrimination recorded in field experiments.

scholarly journals The Metamorphosis of the Significance of Death in Revolutionary Times: Mohammad Rabie’s Otared (2014)

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Walaa Said
Keyword(s):  
Violent Death ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Attitude Toward Death ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Inherent Component

Zusammenfassung Although the rate of violence and death in Egyptian public places have increased dramatically since January 25, 2011, death and mourning have been dismissed from the focus of Tahrir writing, which is inclined to receive the eventful day and its aftermath through euphoric lens. As a counter-response, the rising wave of dystopian novels has flourished to provide a more confrontational attitude toward death as an inherent component of the revolutionary act. This chapter tackles the theme of violent death and its reflections in dystopian novels, with a close reading of Muḥammad Rabīʿ’s ʿUṭārid (2014).

Minneapolis SLPs to Receive Salary Increase

ASHA Leader ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (19) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Annett
Keyword(s):  
Salary Increase ◽  
To Receive

Older Men Less Likely to Receive Depression Tx

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
ROXANNA GUILFORD-BLAKE
Keyword(s):  
Older Men ◽  
To Receive

The Effects of a Caffeine Placebo and Experimenter Expectation on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Walach ◽  
Stefan Schmidt ◽  
Yvonne-Michelle Bihr ◽  
Susanne Wiesch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Being There ◽  
To Receive

We studied the effect of experimenter expectations and different instructions in a balanced placebo design. 157 subjects were randomized into a 2 × 4 factorial design. Two experimenters were led to expect placebos either to produce physiological effects or not (pro- vs. antiplacebo). All subjects except a control group received a caffeine placebo. They were either made to expect coffee, no coffee, or were in a double-blind condition. Dependent measures were blood pressure, heart rate, well-being, and a cognitive task. There was one main effect on the instruction factor (p = 0.03) with the group “told no caffeine” reporting significantly better well-being. There was one main effect on the experimenter factor with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” having higher systolic blood pressure (p = 0.008). There was one interaction with subjects instructed by experimenter “proplacebo” to receive coffee doing worse in the cognitive task than the rest. Subjects instructed by experimenter “antiplacebo” were significantly less likely to believe the experimental instruction, and that mostly if they had been instructed to receive coffee. Contrary to the literature we could not show an effect of instruction, but there was an effect of experimenters. It is likely, however, that these experimenter effects were not due to experimental manipulations, but to the difference in personalities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document