Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-194
Author(s):  
Jens Steffek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Coherent Body

The purpose of the Conclusion is to carve out the defining characteristics of technocratic internationalism and to discuss them critically. Reviewing the historical evidence, the first section of the Conclusion presents technocratic internationalism as a loose but distinct intellectual tradition. Since the late 19th century, varieties of technocratic internationalism have persisted in international theory and practice, even if they have never formed a particularly coherent body of thought. Technocratic internationalism has adapted to different ideological contexts, liberal and non-liberal alike. A history for technocratic internationalism is suggested here distinguishing four phases: pioneering, utopian, paradigmatic, and, eventually, that of disintegration. The second part of the chapter extracts from the historical material some recurring features of technocratic thought, such as the primacy of the expert in modern governance; the alleged objectivity of human needs, ecological imperatives, or technological necessities; and the ideal of ‘best solutions’ that can be universally implemented. This finding is related back to the politics-administration dichotomy. It helps to explore the contrast between governance based on disciplined reason-giving typical of expert discourse and administrative practice; and governance based on the execution of a political will, typical of international politics. Implications for the future of expert governance in international relations are discussed with regards to climate change and global pandemics.

6. Norths

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Donald Wright
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
The Real ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

‘Norths’ distinguishes between the real northern Canada and its imagined north. The frozen north is a symbol of Canada that appears in songs, art, and literature. The actual north is rich in mineral resources, creating phenomena like the Klondike gold rush of the late 19th century. Other regions are rich in oil and natural gas. Fifty per cent of Canada is permafrost, making its landscape particularly vulnerable to climate change. This intensifies old questions about sovereignty, with the world’s Arctic powers engaged in a new gold rush. With shrinking glaciers appearing in both headlines and literature, the landscapes of the real and the imagined north are changing.

Simulation of Thermionic Emission from Quantum Wires

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
T. S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Quantum Wires ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Quantum Models ◽  
Alternative Power

In the late 19th century, Edison observed electrical current flowing between hot and cold electrodes [1]. Since this discovery of thermionic emission, research has occurred with varying intensity in order to harness the simplicity and utility of the thermionic effect in power generation devices. Hatsopoulos and Gyftopoulos [2,3] provide details of the development of thermionic theory and practice. In general, thermionic power generation has not found widespread use, despite many inherent advantages over alternative power generation methods, because of material limitations that have precluded an attractive combination of power generation efficiency and capacity. This paper presents semiclassical and quantum models for the thermionic behavior of a newly developed class of materials, quantum wires, that may offer some promise in alleviating historic materials limitations of thermionic devices.

Self-mutilation in Four Historical Cases of Bulimia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Parry-Jones ◽  
William Li. Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Self Mutilation

Current theories suggest that there is a relatively frequent association of self-mutilative behaviour with eating disorders, particularly with the modern binge-purge syndrome, bulimia nervosa. In order to consider this association on a historical dimension. 25 bulimic cases, reported from the late 17th to the late 19th century, were investigated. These were found to include four examples of self-mutilative behaviour, in three males and one female: these cases are described and discussed. The historical evidence lends some support for the suggested connection between eating pathology and self-mutilation.

scholarly journals The frequency of major flooding in coastal southeast Australia has significantly increased since the late 19th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Scott B. Power ◽  
Jeff Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Non Gaussian

Millions of Australians live in a 1500 km stretch of coastal catchments in south-east Australia. Major flooding in this region causes death, economic loss and major disruptions to the lives of its inhabitants. Concerns have been raised that anthropogenic climate change might lead, or has already led, to an increased risk of extreme rainfall and associated flooding. Images of flooding commonly appear in the media, fuelling perceptions that flood frequency has already in-creased. Here we use a new dataset that allows us to estimate reliable trends over much longer periods than has previously been the case. The statistical significance of the trends is assessed using a method that is suitable for the non-Gaussian, serially correlated flood frequency data. We identify a statistically significant, increasing trend in the frequency of major floods since the late 19th century, which contributes to a 50% increase in frequency. While possible reasons for the increase are discussed (e.g. land use change, anthropogenic climate change, natural climate variability), further research is needed to clarify the relative importance of possible contributors.

Reunion Creole in New Caledonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Speedy
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late 19Th Century

According to Ehrhart and Corne, Tayo is an endogenous creole that crystallized under the peculiarly plantation-like circumstances present at the St-Louis mission in the late 19th century. Noting some linguistic similarities with Reunion Creole, Chaudenson (1994) raises the question of whether Reunion Creole had had any influence on the development of Tayo. This notion is refuted both by Ehrhart (1994) and Corne (1994, 1995, 1999, 2000a, 2000b), although Corne (2000a) concedes that due to some linguistic and socio-demographic evidence, Reunion Creole influence on Tayo cannot be excluded. This paper revisits this debate and reopens questions that earlier researchers appear to have closed by discussing the implications of two texts written in Reunion Creole and published in New Caledonia. The first is a Georges Baudoux text containing the ‘Reunion Creole’ of Socrates, a black Reunion Creole taken to New Caledonia in 1870 to work as a coolie. The second is a political text attacking a ‘Creole’ candidate running for election on the Conseil Supérieur des Colonies published in 1884 by journalist Julien Bernier, an immigrant from Reunion. Accepting the authenticity of these texts raises questions pertinent to the debate on Tayo genesis. Given that réunionnais was being spoken in New Caledonia when Tayo was developing, were any speakers in contact with the Kanaks of St-Louis? What, if any, influence did their language have on the developing St-Louis patois? I discuss these questions by re-examining socio-historical evidence and by making some brief comparisons between the New Caledonian Reunion Creole texts and Tayo.

scholarly journals Egeson's (George's) transtridecadal weather cycling and sunspots

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Halberg ◽  
G. Cornélissen ◽  
K.-H. Bernhardt ◽  
M. Sampson ◽  
O. Schwartzkopff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Climatic Cycles

Abstract. In the late 19th century, Charles Egeson, a map compiler at the Sydney Observatory, carried out some of the earliest research on climatic cycles, linking them to about 33-year cycles in solar activity, and predicted that a devastating drought would strike Australia at the turn of the 20th century. Eduard Brückner and William J. S. Lockyer, who, like Egeson, found similar cycles, with notable exceptions, are also, like the map compiler, mostly forgotten. But the transtridecadal cycles are important in human physiology, economics and other affairs and are particularly pertinent to ongoing discusions of climate change. Egeson's publication of daily weather reports preceded those officially recorded. Their publication led to clashes with his superiors and his personal life was marked by run-ins with the law and, possibly, an implied, but not proven, confinement in an insane asylum and premature death. We here track what little is known of Egeson's life and of his bucking of the conventional scientific wisdom of his time with tragic results.

Comedic Modernism

October ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Turvey
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Popular Cinema ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Modern Artists ◽  
Francis Picabia ◽  
Slapstick Comedy

Modern artists have long been fascinated with the pantomime, circus, and other comic entertainments, and since the late 19th century, many modernists have made use of the figure of the clown in advancing their avant-garde agendas. Turvey calls this strain within modernism “comedic modernism,” by which he does not mean humorous modernism, but rather the employment of the slapstick comedian as a subject and/or model in modernist theory and practice. Turvey accounts for the pervasive appeal of the clown to modernists by examining the European avant-garde's appropriation of film comics in the interwar period. He argues that comedian comedy's major conventions accorded with and sometimes shaped modernist innovations in this period, and that there was no single reason modern artists were drawn to the figure of the slapstick film comedian. Moreover, he suggests, most of the forms of assimilation of the clown by modernists were already established by the time they turned toward American popular cinema in the 1910s. Turvey identifies several features of slapstick comedy that modernists fastened on to: the de-psychologization and objectification of the comedian; the figure of the alienated, “sad clown”; incongruity in gags and narrative structures; the satire of the bourgeoisie and the carnivalesque leveling of social distinctions; the release of primitive, instinctual behavior; and the privileging of often rebellious objects. He then shows how Rene Clair synthesized some of these variants in Entr'acte (1924), the celebrated avant-garde short he made with Dadaist Francis Picabia, as well as some of his other more popular modernist films of the 1920s.

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