6. Norths

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Donald Wright
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gold Rush ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Northern Canada ◽  
The Real ◽  
Art And Literature ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

‘Norths’ distinguishes between the real northern Canada and its imagined north. The frozen north is a symbol of Canada that appears in songs, art, and literature. The actual north is rich in mineral resources, creating phenomena like the Klondike gold rush of the late 19th century. Other regions are rich in oil and natural gas. Fifty per cent of Canada is permafrost, making its landscape particularly vulnerable to climate change. This intensifies old questions about sovereignty, with the world’s Arctic powers engaged in a new gold rush. With shrinking glaciers appearing in both headlines and literature, the landscapes of the real and the imagined north are changing.

Newfoundland and the League of Nations

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 201-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Gilmore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

In recent years considerable scholarly interest has been shown in the protracted dispute between the Canadian federal government and its counterpart in Newfoundland and Labrador concerning ownership and jurisdiction over the mineral resources of the continental shelf adjacent and geologically appertaining to the Province of Newfoundland. It is to be expected that the promise of commercial deposits of oil and natural gas indicated during the 1980 drilling season, and the much-publicized discussions between the two governments as to the basis for a possible political solution to the question, will stimulate increased study of the pertinent issues in academic as well as governmental circles.

scholarly journals The frequency of major flooding in coastal southeast Australia has significantly increased since the late 19th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Scott B. Power ◽  
Jeff Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Non Gaussian

Millions of Australians live in a 1500 km stretch of coastal catchments in south-east Australia. Major flooding in this region causes death, economic loss and major disruptions to the lives of its inhabitants. Concerns have been raised that anthropogenic climate change might lead, or has already led, to an increased risk of extreme rainfall and associated flooding. Images of flooding commonly appear in the media, fuelling perceptions that flood frequency has already in-creased. Here we use a new dataset that allows us to estimate reliable trends over much longer periods than has previously been the case. The statistical significance of the trends is assessed using a method that is suitable for the non-Gaussian, serially correlated flood frequency data. We identify a statistically significant, increasing trend in the frequency of major floods since the late 19th century, which contributes to a 50% increase in frequency. While possible reasons for the increase are discussed (e.g. land use change, anthropogenic climate change, natural climate variability), further research is needed to clarify the relative importance of possible contributors.

PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPREHENSIVEEXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
R. M. Bembel ◽  
Y. Gao ◽  
Yu. F. Miao ◽  
I. A. Schetinin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

In the work the assumption is made that a geosoliton formation mechanism of oil and natural gas generation and accumulation foci is capable of creating radioactive and rare-earth elements, diamonds, various metals and other strategic raw materials in the same geosoliton tubes. It is proposed to begin the design of technologies to develop such complex deposits.

scholarly journals Harmonization of the Development of a Resource Region (Based on the Kuzbass)

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Yuri Fridman ◽  
Galina Rechko ◽  
Ekaterina Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Coal Extraction ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

The article considers the problems related to harmonizing the development of a resource area (a region). Modern scientific literature generally presents resource areas as regions producing oil and natural gas. In the context of the article, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass is selected as the object of this study, where neither oil nor natural gas are produced, and where the fundamental industry is coal mining. We point out that, in the absence of consensus between authorities and business concerning the prospective development of the region, its economy may decay even despite obvious success in coal extraction and processing. It is strategically important for the Kuzbass to create an efficient infrastructure for transforming the development of the coal industry into the economy-wide development of the region. Taking into account the best international harmonization practices, we propose a conceptual system of mechanisms aimed at coordinating the interests of commoditydriven business and resource area. It is built on defining, assessing and launching the mechanisms for harmonizing ‘common grounds’ shared by coal industry and Kemerovo Region. These mechanisms are as follows: first, moving the decision-making center concerned with mineral resources development into the region imminently close to coal-mining areas; second, effective tax administration; third, increasing localization; fourth, regional infrastructure development; fifth, a new environmental standard for the region; and sixth, a fair social standard in the region. The concept in question relies on the need to introduce business models to the industry management that would harmonize with the interests of the territory. At the same time, the territory should start to build a new economy by creating new standards that would establish requirements for doing business.

scholarly journals From Scarcity to Abundance: The New Geopolitics of Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Michael Klare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
American Foreign Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shale Formations ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Persian Gulf

For most of the Petroleum Age, and even as recently as ten years ago, the politics of energy were largely governed by perceptions of scarcity: the assumption that global supplies of most primary fuels were finite and would eventually prove insufficient to satisfy rising worldwide demand, resulting in intense competition over what remained.  The enduring prevalence of this view led many oil-importing nations to establish close ties with their major foreign suppliers and to employ force on occasion to ensure the safety of overseas supply lines.  This outlook guided American foreign policy for over half a century, resulting in several U.S. interventions in the Persian Gulf area.  Recently, however, a combination of technological and political considerations – the introduction of hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) to extract oil and natural gas from previously inaccessible shale formations on one hand and rising concern over climate change on the other – has largely extinguished the perception of scarcity, introducing entirely new dynamics into the geopolitics of energy.

scholarly journals Egeson's (George's) transtridecadal weather cycling and sunspots

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Halberg ◽  
G. Cornélissen ◽  
K.-H. Bernhardt ◽  
M. Sampson ◽  
O. Schwartzkopff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Physiology ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Daily Weather ◽  
Climatic Cycles

Abstract. In the late 19th century, Charles Egeson, a map compiler at the Sydney Observatory, carried out some of the earliest research on climatic cycles, linking them to about 33-year cycles in solar activity, and predicted that a devastating drought would strike Australia at the turn of the 20th century. Eduard Brückner and William J. S. Lockyer, who, like Egeson, found similar cycles, with notable exceptions, are also, like the map compiler, mostly forgotten. But the transtridecadal cycles are important in human physiology, economics and other affairs and are particularly pertinent to ongoing discusions of climate change. Egeson's publication of daily weather reports preceded those officially recorded. Their publication led to clashes with his superiors and his personal life was marked by run-ins with the law and, possibly, an implied, but not proven, confinement in an insane asylum and premature death. We here track what little is known of Egeson's life and of his bucking of the conventional scientific wisdom of his time with tragic results.

scholarly journals Reliability of traditional timber-floor masonry buildings to seismic action

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 869-893
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Response ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Seismic Action ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Real ◽  
Design Earthquake

A considerable number of timber floor masonry structures, typical for construction practices of the late 19th century, were damaged in the earthquake that struck Zagreb on 22 March 2020. Due to the lack of reliable earthquake analyses of this type of structures, it is difficult to estimate the level of risk such buildings are exposed to in the case of design earthquake events. The results of seismic analysis of one such structure are presented in the paper. The analysis is based on displacements and is known as PBD (Performance Based Design). The real necessity, efficiency, and methods for improving seismic response of this type of structures, are discussed.

Energy Poverty in the Middle East and North African (MENA) Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 254-270
Author(s):  
Damilola S. Olawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
North African ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region provides a classic illustration of how energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as conflicts, political instability, social exclusions, and extreme vulnerability to climate change. The MENA region is home to some of the world’s highest exporters of oil and natural gas. However, despite its vast oil and gas reserves, it is also home to a significant portion of the world’s energy-poorest people. About 65 million of 214.8 million living in the region have no access to electricity, while an additional 60 million suffer from prolonged power outages and undersupply. This chapter examines the divergent dimensions of energy poverty in the MENA region. It discusses law and governance innovations for promoting the availability, affordability, and accessibility of sustainable energy, especially electricity and modern fuels, across the region.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-194
Author(s):  
Jens Steffek
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
International Theory ◽  
Coherent Body

The purpose of the Conclusion is to carve out the defining characteristics of technocratic internationalism and to discuss them critically. Reviewing the historical evidence, the first section of the Conclusion presents technocratic internationalism as a loose but distinct intellectual tradition. Since the late 19th century, varieties of technocratic internationalism have persisted in international theory and practice, even if they have never formed a particularly coherent body of thought. Technocratic internationalism has adapted to different ideological contexts, liberal and non-liberal alike. A history for technocratic internationalism is suggested here distinguishing four phases: pioneering, utopian, paradigmatic, and, eventually, that of disintegration. The second part of the chapter extracts from the historical material some recurring features of technocratic thought, such as the primacy of the expert in modern governance; the alleged objectivity of human needs, ecological imperatives, or technological necessities; and the ideal of ‘best solutions’ that can be universally implemented. This finding is related back to the politics-administration dichotomy. It helps to explore the contrast between governance based on disciplined reason-giving typical of expert discourse and administrative practice; and governance based on the execution of a political will, typical of international politics. Implications for the future of expert governance in international relations are discussed with regards to climate change and global pandemics.

scholarly journals The Response of US Macroeconomic Aggregates to Price Shocks in Crude Oil vs. Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2603
Author(s):  
Jin Shang ◽  
Shigeyuki Hamori
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Demand Shock ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Price ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Macroeconomic Aggregates

Price fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas, as important sources of energy, have a remarkable influence on our economies and daily lives. Therefore, it is extremely important to react appropriately and to formulate appropriate policies or strategies to reduce the expected negative effects of fluctuations. However, as Kilian suggested, not all oil price shocks are similar; price increases can have diverse impacts on the real price of oil, depending on the underlying determinants of the price fluctuation. Therefore, economists, policymakers, and investors need to decompose real price shocks and evaluate the responses of macroeconomic aggregates to different types of shocks. In this study, we investigate and compare the different effects crude oil and natural gas price shocks have on US real GDP and CPI levels, utilizing a two-stage method based on a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model proposed by Kilian. We found that a crude oil specific demand shock made larger contributions to the real price of oil than a natural gas specific demand shock did to the real price of gas, and that specific demand shocks in crude oil and natural gas markets had different effects on US CPI inflation and had similar effects on the real US GDP level.

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