Organized Crime

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
Serena Forlati
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Willingness To Adopt

Serena Forlati examines the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC). From an historical perspective. Standing back from the treaty, she analyses how the converging concerns of European states with cross-border crime and US concerns about the post-Cold War threat posed by organized crime together with a willingness to adopt flexible solutions made agreement on such a broad programmatic instrument possible.

Rethinking Intersections of Crime and Terrorism: Insights from Political Economies of Violence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Y Omelicheva ◽  
Lawrence P Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Participation ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Political Economies

Abstract The post–Cold War environment has ushered in an era of threats from terrorism, organized crime, and their intersections giving rise to the growing literature on the so-called crime–terror nexus. This article takes stock of this literature, assesses its accomplishments and limitations, and considers ways to deepen it conceptually, theoretically, and empirically. To challenge assumptions informing the crime–terror studies and suggest avenues for future research, the article draws on ideas from the scholarship on political economies of violence. These insights are used to probe the (1) non-state actors that form the crime–terror nexus, (2) conditions under which the nexus is likely to emerge, and (3) varied effects of criminal–terrorist intersections. The article emphasizes the ties of criminal and terrorist groups to local politics, society, and economy, and relationships of competition, rather than cooperation, which often characterize these ties. The conditions under which these groups operate cannot be understood without considering the role of the state in criminal–terrorist constellations. The structure of resource economies influences both the preferences of terrorist groups for crime and the consequences of terrorist–criminal convergence, which are also mediated by state participation in crime.

International Law and Transnational Organised Crime

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cold War

Since the end of the Cold War, states have become increasingly engaged in the suppression of transnational organised crime. The existence of the UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime and its Protocols demonstrates the necessity to comprehend this subject in a systematic way. Synthesizing the various sources of law that form this area of growing academic and practical importance, this book provides readers with a thorough understanding of the key concepts and legal instruments in international law governing transnational organized crime. The volume analyses transnational organised crime in consideration of the most relevant subareas of international law, such as international human rights and the law of armed conflict. Written by internationally recognized scholars in international and criminal law as well as respected high-level practitioners, this book is a useful tool for lawyers, public agents, and academics seeking straightforward and comprehensive access to a complex and significant topic.

Cross-Border Cooperation and Transformation of Regional Identities in the Ukrainian–Russian Borderlands: Towards a Euroregion “Slobozhanshchyna”? Part 1

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zhurzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Postwar Europe ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

It is well known that the idea and practice of cross-border cooperation have been developed in postwar Europe with the intention of overcoming the economic and social isolation of border regions and reconciling the hostilities between former enemies. But as a precondition for this process the new map of European borders had to be perceived as “final” and “just,” and as such it was legitimized on international and national levels. Moreover, it was the universal acceptance of the principle of the invariability of borders which made it possible for national governments to grant border regions more freedom in their contacts with the neighbours. The same applies in principle to the former socialist countries, where cross-border cooperation is supposed to help overcome the post-Cold-War division of Europe.

The Borderland Lens

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-122
Author(s):  
Annette Idler
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Security Policies ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
State Group

Chapter 3 explains how the gap between state-centric views on borderlines and transnational realities at the margins turn borderlands in vulnerable regions into extreme cases of complex security dynamics. First, it presents how state-centric views that stop at the borderline have historically shaped security policies toward the Colombia-Ecuador and Colombia-Venezuela borders. It then contrasts these with a transnational perspective that analyzes security dynamics from within the Colombian-Ecuadorian and Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. Adopting such a transnational borderland lens, the chapter maps violent non-state group interactions in recent history across these borderlands and contextualizes them with the spatial distribution of the various cocaine supply chain stages and interconnected forms of transnational organized crime. Together with socioeconomic and cultural conditions that vary along and across the borders, the logic of these illicit cross-border flows informs the groups’ motives for cooperation, which in turn shape their interactions.

Vietnamese or Chinese: Viet-kieu in the Vietnam-China Borderlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuk Wah Chan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
The Media

AbstractThis article examines the contested identity of a particular group of Viet-kieu, who were born in China and who returned to Vietnam in the 1970s, by looking into their personal histories, descent backgrounds and the political and socio-economic processes they lived through in the past few decades. Unlike other Viet-kieu who returned from the West, the Viet-kieu in the borderlands rarely received any attention from the media or academia. They led a double life both in China and in Vietnam and experienced dramatic changes of fate from the 1970s, through the 1980s, to the 1990s. Their hybrid cultural endowment and cross-border familial ties were both detrimental and beneficial to their social and economic life within different historical contexts. Reopened borders around the world in the post-Cold War era have generated discourses on transnational economic integration, regional connectedness, as well as fluid mobility and identities. It has become a fashion to criticize the study of culture and identity as rigid entities, while the increasing stress on subjectivity and agency has made identity seem ever more evolving and changing. Putting aside the romantic notion of fluid and multiple identities, this article brings up a number of empirical cases to illustrate how identity is often shaped by the possibilities and constraints under different politico-economic circumstances.

scholarly journals Life in the ant trails

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (85) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Vigh
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Global Order ◽  
International Media ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Borders

This article looks ethnographically at the cocaine trade in and through Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. It clarifies some of the less obvious aspects of illegal cross-border trade and ties the minor flow of drugs, often trafficked by the desperate and disenfranchised, to larger global dynamics. While international media and commentators alike frequently depict transnational organized crime as a pathogen attacking the healthy global order, a closer look at the Bissau cocaine trade clarifies that the trade is neither external nor parasitical but integral to it. The trade’s grasp of Bissau is anchored in enduring critical circumstance, stretching from the social to the political, and displays several ironic feedback loops and interdependencies linking misfortune in time and space. The article thus shows how negative conditions may travel and circulate in a manner that ramifies vulnerability across economic and political borders.

The Chinese World Order in Historical Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950023
Author(s):  
Prasenjit Duara
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
World Order ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Belt And Road

I seek to grasp the genealogy of China’s Belt and Road (BRI) in relation both to the imperial Chinese world order and the historical sequence of forms of global domination, i.e., modern imperialism, the ‘imperialism of nation-states’ during the inter-war and Cold War period as well as the post-Cold War notion of ‘soft power’. While we may think of BRI as poised uncertainly between the logics of the older imperial Chinese order and the more recent logic impelled by capitalist nation-states, there are significant novelties in the new Chinese order, mostly in relation to debt, the environment and digital technology which constitute new realms of power not easily dominated by a hegemon.

scholarly journals India-Israel Relations: Opportunities and Complexities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-102
Author(s):  
Alik Naha
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World Order ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Coalition Politics ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Agricultural Innovations ◽  
Defense Cooperation ◽  
The Relationship

India and Israel share a rich civilizational history that began with the coming of Jews to India in 562 BCE and an identical colonial past being colonized by the British Empire. Together, they share a special association marked by several commonalities like both were born out of the bitter partition, practicing democratic ideals, subject to hostile neighbours, and rising cross-border terrorism. While India recognized Israel in 1950, it took four long decades for both to formally began their diplomatic ties. The post-Cold War world order, the rise of coalition politics in India, and the successful de-hyphenation of Indo-Israel ties from Indo-Palestine ties have further contributed to the increasing importance of the relationship. Today, the relationship, which was once founded on the bedrock of defense cooperation and arms trade, has become multifaceted. Both countries have converged across fields that include space, science, and technology, real estate, textile, cybersecurity, pharmaceuticals, agricultural innovations, water management, energy, etc. Along with convergences, there are also geopolitical divergences on the question of Palestine, Israel’s critical view of India-Iran relations, India’s sensitivities to Israel-China relations, etc. that have contributed to shaping the relationship. However, trust and pragmatism have never let the divergences overpower convergences in the relationship. A growing Indo-Israel tie is also seen as a boost to heightened Indo-US ties. This increased reconciliation between Israel and India is also expected to have wider implications for regional geopolitics and further shaping the strategic discourse of the region.

scholarly journals An Emerging Extraordinary Villain Transnational Organized Crime in the Perspective of Al-Shabaab Terrorist in SADC Regional. The Strategies of Scuffling Terrorism in the SADC Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Prosper Ng’andu
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Cross Border

Terrorism has ancient genesis since the Roman empires. The phenomenon has assumed an extraordinary villain among the pervasive cross border crime that has not spared SADC states

Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 10 Contractor Personnel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voetelink Joop
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Law ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Criminal Jurisdiction ◽  
The Us ◽  
Contemporary Status

This chapter explores the rights and obligations of contractors under contemporary status-of-forces agreement (SOFA) provisions with a particular emphasis on criminal jurisdiction. Initially, it describes the origin of civilian involvement in military operations and discusses it from a historical perspective. The focus then turns to present day practice. First, the term contractor is explained and defined. Next, the post-Cold War practice with respect to the legal status of contractors and their employees is explored by taking the example of SOFAs concluded by States and organizations that are in particular involved in contractor support of deployed operations, i.e. the US and NATO, UN, and EU. The chapter then analyses current SOFA practice by comparing the position of contractors and troops under international law.

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