Memory as National Values

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-148
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
National Values ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter places collective memory at the source of a country’s values. In that regard, it enquires into the nature of normative obligations arising from memory. Based on moral-philosophical considerations, it finds normativity in the ‘processes surrounding memory’ described in the temporal security concept. Over time, the relationship between collective memory, identity, and behaviour generates a ‘duty to act’ for countries in the sense of ‘ought’. This last and most diffuse impact of collective memory unfolds and persists into the long run. Through it, collective memory, entirely outside the realm of conscious choice, channels behaviour towards one good course of action. To illustrate this, the empirical study picks up the case countries, Germany and Austria, at a late point in time. In 2015, large numbers of refugees arrived at their borders during what became known as the ‘European refugee crisis’. In this ‘critical situation’, both countries were required to react and thus position themselves vis-à-vis the highly normative issue of asylum. With the help of a content analysis of official speeches, the case study demonstrates how German and Austrian politicians came to identify different versions of what a good response entails based on their country’s diverse collective memories.

CONTEXTUALIZING PALIMPSEST OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY IN AN URBAN HERITAGE SITE: Case Study of Chahar Bagh, Shiraz - Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Mahmoudi Farahani ◽  
Marzieh Setayesh ◽  
Leila Shokrollahi
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Urban Heritage ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historical Centre

A landscape or site, which has been inhabited for long, consists of layers of history. This history is sometimes reserved in forms of small physical remnants, monuments, memorials, names or collective memories of destruction and reconstruction. In this sense, a site/landscape can be presumed as what Derrida refers to as a “palimpsest”. A palimpsest whose character is identified in a duality between the existing layers of meaning accumulated through time, and the act of erasing them to make room for the new to appear. In this study, the spatial collective memory of the Chahar Bagh site which is located in the historical centre of Shiraz will be investigated as a contextualized palimpsest, with various projects adjacent one another; each conceptualized and constructed within various historical settings; while the site as a heritage is still an active part of the city’s cultural life. Through analysing the different layers of meaning corresponding to these adjacent projects, a number of principals for reading the complexities of similar historical sites can be driven.

scholarly journals A case study of the residual-based cointegration procedure

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Riccardo Biondini ◽  
Yan-Xia Lin ◽  
Michael Mccrae
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Financial Time ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Data Generating Process ◽  
Finance Theory ◽  
The Relationship

The study of long-run equilibrium processes is a significant component of economic and finance theory. The Johansen technique for identifying the existence of such long-run stationary equilibrium conditions among financial time series allows the identification of all potential linearly independent cointegrating vectors within a given system of eligible financial time series. The practical application of the technique may be restricted, however, by the pre-condition that the underlying data generating process fits a finite-order vector autoregression (VAR) model with white noise. This paper studies an alternative method for determining cointegrating relationships without such a pre-condition. The method is simple to implement through commonly available statistical packages. This ‘residual-based cointegration’ (RBC) technique uses the relationship between cointegration and univariate Box-Jenkins ARIMA models to identify cointegrating vectors through the rank of the covariance matrix of the residual processes which result from the fitting of univariate ARIMA models. The RBC approach for identifying multivariate cointegrating vectors is explained and then demonstrated through simulated examples. The RBC and Johansen techniques are then both implemented using several real-life financial time series.

Memory as State Behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-119
Author(s):  
Kathrin Bachleitner
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Ontological Security ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Emotional Trigger ◽  
Oil Crisis

This chapter shows how collective memory channels a country’s international behaviour. To that end, it first lays out the nexus between memory and state behaviour put forward by the temporal security concept. It then goes on to distinguish it from international relations’ classical realist and ontological security approaches and their predictions on state behaviour. To keep their temporal security intact, countries are assumed to enter into an ‘in-between-time’ conversation with their ‘significant historical others’. Through the emotional trigger of shame, policymakers avoid potential disconnects with their country’s ‘narrated self in the past’, thus bringing their courses of action in line with collective memory. To illustrate this process, the empirical case study looks at the reaction of West Germany and Austria to two wars in the Middle East. It contrasts their support for either of the warring parties during the Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur War and international oil crisis of 1973. The qualitative analysis demonstrates that West Germany and Austria’s different collective memories of the Nazi legacy channelled their behaviour along diverse reasonings to support either the Israeli or the Arab side.

scholarly journals Transmission of Collective Memory and Jewish Identity in Post-War Jewish Generations through War Souvenirs

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1785-1798
Author(s):  
Bronec
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Jewish Families

The article includes a sample of testimonies and the results of sociological research on the life stories of Jews born in the aftermath of World War II in two countries, Czechoslovakia and Luxembourg. At that time, Czechoslovak Jews were living through the era of de-Stalinization and their narratives offer new insights into this segment of Jewish post-war history that differ from those of Jews living in liberal, democratic European states. The interviews explore how personal documents, photos, letters and souvenirs can help maintain personal memories in Jewish families and show how this varies from one generation to the next. My paper illustrates the importance of these small artifacts for the transmission of Jewish collective memory in post-war Jewish generations. The case study aims to answer the following research questions: What is the relationship between the Jewish post-war generation and its heirlooms? Who is in charge of maintaining Jewish family heirlooms within the family? Are there any intergenerational differences when it comes to keeping and maintaining family history? The study also aims to find out whether the political regime influences how Jewish objects are kept by Jewish families.

Telecommuting and Perceived Productivity: An Australian Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-69
Author(s):  
Elsabet Tamrat ◽  
Malcolm Smith
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Telecommunications Infrastructure ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe concept of widespread “telecommuting” in a community envisages the presence of large numbers of employees who, instead of commuting to work, perform either all or a significant fraction of their tasks at home. It is widely accepted that large-scale adoption of telecommuting is just a matter of time in those countries with the necessary telecommunications infrastructure.This paper reports on the conduct of a telecommuting project in a large Australian organisation. The data and the analyses demonstrate that, overall, the telecommuting project has been successful and brought benefits to both the employees and the organisation. The results also indicate the presence of strong positive links between the relationship/interactions telecommuters had with their supervisors, and the telecommuters' perception both of their own productivity, and their levels of satisfaction with the telecommuting experience. The tasks which telecommuters performed were also related to the employees' perception of productivity and job satisfaction.

Tax Increment Financing and Education Expenditures: The Case of Iowa

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Nguyen-Hoang
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Tax Increment Financing ◽  
Price Effect ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Relationship

This is the first study to directly examine the relationship between tax increment financing (TIF) and education expenditures, using the state of Iowa as a case study. I find that greater use of TIF is associated with reduced education expenditures. I also find little evidence to support the commonly held proposition that school spending increases when TIF districts expire. Finally, the negative price effect of TIF on education spending is increasingly larger for school districts in lower wealth or income groups compared with their counterparts in higher wealth or income groups. The negative, though small, effect of TIF on education spending, coupled with no gain from the often-claimed long-run benefits of TIF, justifies policy measures to protect school districts from TIF.

scholarly journals Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Value of Listed Forestry Companies: A case study in China

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
E. Liu, Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Value ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Market Pressure

In this study, a sample of 100 was obtained from 20 listed forestry companies in China to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate value for the period 2013 to 2017. The study concentrated mainly on corporate social responsibility to the shareholders, creditors, suppliers, consumers, employees, government and community and how it influence corporate value. In front of the covid-19, companies are facing market pressure and non-market pressure in fulfilling their social responsibilities The SPSS statistical software was used for analysis. The result shows a positive relationship between corporate responsibility to shareholders, creditors, employees, consumers, suppliers and government and corporate value. In a short period, the enterprise's donation would bring down the enterprise's value, but in the long-run, the enterprises that donate more would experience an increase in enterprise's value. The positive effect of corporate social responsibility on the enterprise value of forestry-listed companies is not obvious in the short term.

scholarly journals Negotiating a ‘Tangled Web of Pride and Shame’: A Crimean Case-Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-521
Author(s):  
Rachel Bates
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Military History ◽  
Community Stability ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cultural Turn

This article complements an identified ‘cultural turn’ in military history, which emphasizes the potency of perception and the extent to which successes, failures, opportunities and threats are culturally conditioned (Black 2004: 233-35). It will deal with issues surrounding ‘collective remembrance’, a concept which Joanna Bourke identifies as problematic. For Bourke, ‘collectivememory’ has been characterized by a ‘museal sensibility’ in which mass narratives ‘wallow’ in a nostalgic world of community, stability and certainty (Bourke 2004: 473). She argues that collective memory is an exclusive script, which imposes unity on individual experiences and overlooks conscious acts of cultural selection (Bourke 2004: 473). Whilst scholarship on the relationship of present with past rightly takes issue with collective, or public, memory, precluding individual, or private, memories, Bourke usefully draws attention to the mythical qualities of collective remembrance. Military history, integral as it is to national identity yet harbouring inherently difficult histories, is particularly susceptible to cultural, social and political mediation. This article traces nineteenth-century treatments of two Crimean failures and the legacy ofthese attitudes today in museums, which to a large extent echo some of the dominant myths and silences of Victorian Britain.

Background

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Adam Teller
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polish Jews ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents a background of the relationship between German Jews and Polish Jews before 1648. Polish Jews were well aware that their ancestors had originated in the German lands and, long before the refugee crisis brought large numbers of them back there, knew a great deal about Jewish society in the empire. Much of what they knew came from meetings with German Jews, often in pursuit of trade, or from the stories of those who had traveled the relatively short distance to the German lands. Though there was much that separated them, both groups understood that they also had a great deal in common in cultural and religious terms. The meeting of Polish and German Jews in the mid-seventeenth century, for all its economic, social, and religious difficulties, was undoubtedly colored by this sense of kinship and belonging. To understand its significance, the chapter looks at the history of the connections between the two groups of Jews and the ways in which those connections were perceived by each side. In the years after 1648, this history of the connection between German and Polish Jews seems to have created a range of expectations on the part not only of the refugees but also of those in the empire who were to take them in.

Population and economic development in Indonesia: A revisit with new data and methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitaka Furuoka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Relationship

The long-term relationship between population and economic development is an important research topic in development economics. However, after several decades of research, no consensus has been reached as to whether the relationship is positive or negative. This paper chose Indonesia as a case study and employed both a linear cointegration test and a nonlinear cointegration test to examine the relationship between population and income. The tests detected a long-run equilibrium relationship between population and real per capita income in Indonesia. Also, the causality test indicated that there existed a unidirectional causality from Indonesia’s population expansion to the country’s economic growth, but not vice versa. These results indicate a population-driven economic development in Indonesia. In other words, Indonesia could represent a textbook case of population-induced development where a rapid population growth stimulates economic development.

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