Tax Increment Financing and Education Expenditures: The Case of Iowa

This is the first study to directly examine the relationship between tax increment financing (TIF) and education expenditures, using the state of Iowa as a case study. I find that greater use of TIF is associated with reduced education expenditures. I also find little evidence to support the commonly held proposition that school spending increases when TIF districts expire. Finally, the negative price effect of TIF on education spending is increasingly larger for school districts in lower wealth or income groups compared with their counterparts in higher wealth or income groups. The negative, though small, effect of TIF on education spending, coupled with no gain from the often-claimed long-run benefits of TIF, justifies policy measures to protect school districts from TIF.

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A case study of the residual-based cointegration procedure

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Decision Sciences ◽

10.1155/s1173912603000038 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 29-48

Author(s):

Riccardo Biondini ◽

Yan-Xia Lin ◽

Michael Mccrae

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Financial Time Series ◽

Real Life ◽

Arima Models ◽

Financial Time ◽

Long Run ◽

Data Generating Process ◽

Finance Theory ◽

The Relationship

The study of long-run equilibrium processes is a significant component of economic and finance theory. The Johansen technique for identifying the existence of such long-run stationary equilibrium conditions among financial time series allows the identification of all potential linearly independent cointegrating vectors within a given system of eligible financial time series. The practical application of the technique may be restricted, however, by the pre-condition that the underlying data generating process fits a finite-order vector autoregression (VAR) model with white noise. This paper studies an alternative method for determining cointegrating relationships without such a pre-condition. The method is simple to implement through commonly available statistical packages. This ‘residual-based cointegration’ (RBC) technique uses the relationship between cointegration and univariate Box-Jenkins ARIMA models to identify cointegrating vectors through the rank of the covariance matrix of the residual processes which result from the fitting of univariate ARIMA models. The RBC approach for identifying multivariate cointegrating vectors is explained and then demonstrated through simulated examples. The RBC and Johansen techniques are then both implemented using several real-life financial time series.

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Memory as National Values

Collective Memory in International Relations ◽

10.1093/oso/9780192895363.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 120-148

Author(s):

Kathrin Bachleitner

Keyword(s):

Collective Memory ◽

Refugee Crisis ◽

Collective Memories ◽

Course Of Action ◽

Long Run ◽

Large Numbers ◽

National Values ◽

Conscious Choice ◽

The Relationship

This chapter places collective memory at the source of a country’s values. In that regard, it enquires into the nature of normative obligations arising from memory. Based on moral-philosophical considerations, it finds normativity in the ‘processes surrounding memory’ described in the temporal security concept. Over time, the relationship between collective memory, identity, and behaviour generates a ‘duty to act’ for countries in the sense of ‘ought’. This last and most diffuse impact of collective memory unfolds and persists into the long run. Through it, collective memory, entirely outside the realm of conscious choice, channels behaviour towards one good course of action. To illustrate this, the empirical study picks up the case countries, Germany and Austria, at a late point in time. In 2015, large numbers of refugees arrived at their borders during what became known as the ‘European refugee crisis’. In this ‘critical situation’, both countries were required to react and thus position themselves vis-à-vis the highly normative issue of asylum. With the help of a content analysis of official speeches, the case study demonstrates how German and Austrian politicians came to identify different versions of what a good response entails based on their country’s diverse collective memories.

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Racial, Ethnic, or National Minority? Legal Discourses and Policy Frameworks on the Roma in Hungary and Beyond

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v3i5.232 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 32-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andras L. Pap

Keyword(s):

Minority Groups ◽

Policy Instruments ◽

National Minority ◽

Policy Documents ◽

Legal Discourses ◽

Policy Frameworks ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

Racial Ethnic

Inspired by recent Hungarian legislative developments that, in reference to the Roma minority, exchanged the term “ethnic minority” with “nationality”, by providing a detailed case study of the development and morphology of policy measures and frameworks in Hungary, the article provides a general assessment of the relationship between policy instruments and terminology: that is, definitions and conceptualizations in international and domestic legal and policy documents for minority groups. The author argues that while terminology in itself is not a reliable signifier for policy frameworks, it may reveal contradictory group conceptualization and inconsistent policy-making. In regards to the Roma, the author claims that the inconsistent labelling as an ethnic, racial and national minority reflects the lack of consistent conceptualization of who the Roma are, and what should be done with them.

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The Relationship between Exports and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n4p117 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb ◽

Haider Mahmood ◽

Zafar Ahmad Sultan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Well Being ◽

Export Growth ◽

High Rate ◽

Long Run ◽

Causality Tests ◽

Policy Measures ◽

The Relationship ◽

Series Technique

<p>One of the most important objectives of an economy is to achieve high rate of economic growth so as to improve the well-being of their citizen. For the purpose, export-oriented policy measures are more preferably prescribed in the recent past. The present study aims at to find the linkages between exports and economic growth in case of Saudi Arabia. The study uses the most efficient unit root, cointegration and causality tests to find the true relationships between exports and economic growth. The study tries to examine the dynamic association for exports and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Applying more popular time series technique of long run relationship and causality, the paper finds the long-run cointegration relationships in our export-growth model. Further, we have found feed-back effect in export-growth relationships and suggest the further export-promotion to foster economic growth in Saudi Arabia. </p>

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Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Value of Listed Forestry Companies: A case study in China

CONVERTER ◽

10.17762/converter.272 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-131

Author(s):

E. Liu, Et al.

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Corporate Value ◽

Enterprise Value ◽

Long Run ◽

Short Period ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Relationship ◽

Market Pressure

In this study, a sample of 100 was obtained from 20 listed forestry companies in China to explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and corporate value for the period 2013 to 2017. The study concentrated mainly on corporate social responsibility to the shareholders, creditors, suppliers, consumers, employees, government and community and how it influence corporate value. In front of the covid-19, companies are facing market pressure and non-market pressure in fulfilling their social responsibilities The SPSS statistical software was used for analysis. The result shows a positive relationship between corporate responsibility to shareholders, creditors, employees, consumers, suppliers and government and corporate value. In a short period, the enterprise's donation would bring down the enterprise's value, but in the long-run, the enterprises that donate more would experience an increase in enterprise's value. The positive effect of corporate social responsibility on the enterprise value of forestry-listed companies is not obvious in the short term.

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Population and economic development in Indonesia: A revisit with new data and methods

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/aoecon.63.2013.4.3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 451-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fumitaka Furuoka

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Population Expansion ◽

Cointegration Test ◽

Causality Test ◽

Long Run ◽

Equilibrium Relationship ◽

Important Research Topic ◽

The Relationship

The long-term relationship between population and economic development is an important research topic in development economics. However, after several decades of research, no consensus has been reached as to whether the relationship is positive or negative. This paper chose Indonesia as a case study and employed both a linear cointegration test and a nonlinear cointegration test to examine the relationship between population and income. The tests detected a long-run equilibrium relationship between population and real per capita income in Indonesia. Also, the causality test indicated that there existed a unidirectional causality from Indonesia’s population expansion to the country’s economic growth, but not vice versa. These results indicate a population-driven economic development in Indonesia. In other words, Indonesia could represent a textbook case of population-induced development where a rapid population growth stimulates economic development.

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