The Cyclical Time of the Body and the Linear Time of Modernity

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Linear Time ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Burn Out ◽  
Cyclical Time ◽  
Lived Time

While linear time results from the measurement of physical events, the temporality of life is characterized by cyclical processes, which also manifest themselves in bodily experience. This applies for the periodicity of heartbeat, respiration, sleep–wake cycle, or circadian hormone secretion, among others. Cyclical repetitions are also found in the recurring phases of need, drive, and satisfaction. Finally, the cyclical structure of bodily time manifests itself at an extended level in the form of body memory. However, this cyclical structure of lived time comes into tension with the orders of linear time which have been increasingly established in Western societies since the modern age. This tension creates both individual as well as societal conflicts and may also result in psychopathological phenomena such as depression and burn-out syndromes.

Listening to Modernism: New Books in the History of Sound

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARA HUNTER LATHAM
Keyword(s):  
Sound Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Musical Aesthetics ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Scientific Certainty ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sound Reproduction Technologies ◽  
Sound Technology

The rapid industrialisation and electrification that characterises the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries involved the revolutionary and irreversible technologisation of sound. The ability to send sound great distances, through time and space, amplified the instability of sonic presence both inside and outside the body. Sound reproduction technologies such as gramophone and radio emphasise the questionable materiality of sound. Scholarship in the emerging field of sound studies has tended to focus on sound technologies that emerge in this period, promoting the axiom that the ear epitomises modern sensibility. Even before technological developments revolutionised sound, discourses surrounding the ear anticipated the collapse of scientific certainty that marks the modern age. Developments in sound technology can mask the severing of scientific measurement from musical aesthetics that coincided with the age of recording. If the study of sound in modernity has tended to focus on technological changes and bracket aesthetic questions, it is perhaps because the relationships among the science, technology and aesthetics of sound have not yet been adequately parsed.

Cortisol – inspection in the physiology and stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Nikola Musiała ◽  
Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽  
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Neurotransmitter Secretion ◽  
Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽  
System Functioning

Cortisol, also called “the” stress hormone is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. This hormone plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis, according to the body’s total stress. Cortisol interferes with many organs, affects glucose and fatty acids metabolism and neurotransmitter secretion. Predominantly, cortisol influences the carbohydrate metabolism, stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver and inhibiting glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. As it is an element “fight or flight” it also stimulates central nervous system and enhances blood flow. To some extent cortisol influences also the renal handling of electrolytes, namely: increasing sodium resorption, and renal excretion of potassium, calcium and phosphates. Through its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive character this glucocorticoid modulates the immune system functioning. Cortisol has a circadian rhythm following ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) secretion. Increased cortisol levels are observed physiologically during stress and pathologically in Cushing’s syndrome. Chronic hypercortisolism is harmful or the body, and its effects present an extremely wide spectrum, including insulin resistance, obesity, insomnia and even depression. Thus, laboratory diagnosis of cortisol level is important for the diagnosis, monitoring and evaluate the effectiveness of hypercortisolism treatment.

The Shroud of Turin

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Thaddeus J. Trenn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Shroud Of Turin ◽  
High Degree ◽  
As If

The Shroud of Turin, a linen cloth with but a faint image, continues to capture the interest of many people of diverse beliefs. Although the measured age of the cloth is relatively recent, other scientific findings indicate an earlier provenance. Any firm conclusions regarding the cloth's history remain premature. No satisfactory explanation has been found as yet for how the image on the cloth was produced structurally or stylistically. Iconographic evidence suggests that the image was the source of facial peculiarities found in early works of religious art. The body image bears a striking yet preternatural correlation with Scriptural accounts of wounds. Curiously, the image on the cloth functions as a photographic negative, exhibiting a high degree of resolution, as if the original were produced in pixels. Despite serious efforts to discover some artistic origin md medium, scientific evidence points in the direction that it was not produced by hands. If it is tme that the medium is the message, as Marshall McLuhan wrote, then the Turin Shroud may be a parable for the modern age.

‘The Basic Stuff of Our Memories’: Embodying and Embedding Discipline

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Brownlie
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Physical Discipline ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Disciplinary Practices ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
Body Self

In recent political debates about physical chastisement, children have been positioned as ‘potential’ selves and have had their bodies mapped in specific ways. This article compares these discourses with findings from a study of parents’ views of proposed legislation on physical discipline. It is argued that parents’ talk about physical discipline is temporal not only because it is concerned with the nature of the child's body/self at the time of punishment but because parents engage with memories from their own childhood and, therefore, with how childhood selves have been disciplined across social and biographical time. Drawing on sociological work on the body, memory and childhood, the article explores two aspects of disciplinary practices - their embodied and embedded nature – which, to date, have been under researched and under theorised in debates about physical chastisement.

Introducing SHIP® as a Psychotherapeutic Model to Access the Body Memory of Traumatised Clients: Depathologising Expressions of Trauma

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Steenkamp ◽  
M. Jaco van der Walt ◽  
Elna M. Schoeman-Steenkamp ◽  
Irene Strydom
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Body Memory

Body Memory and the Unconscious

2018 ◽  
pp. 456-470
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Depth Psychology ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lived Body ◽  
Spatial Mode ◽  
Life Space ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Body Memory ◽  
Lived Space ◽  
Horizontal Dimension

In traditional psychoanalysis the unconscious was conceived as a separate intra-psychic reality, hidden ‘below consciousness’ and only accessible to a ‘depth psychology’ based on metapsychological premises and concepts. In contrast to this vertical conception, this chapter presents a phenomenological approach to the unconscious as a horizontal dimension of the lived body, lived space, and intercorporeality. This approach is based (a) on a phenomenology of body memory, defined as the totality of implicit dispositions of perception and behaviour mediated by the body and sedimented in the course of earlier experiences. It is also based on (b) a phenomenology of the life space as a spatial mode of existence which is centred in the lived body and in which unconscious conflicts are played out as field forces.

Embodied Aesthetics

2018 ◽  
pp. 890-910
Author(s):  
Barbara Gail Montero
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Bodily Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Pleasure ◽  
Embodied Aesthetics ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Bodily Movements

Although great art frequently revers the body, bodily experience itself is traditionally excluded from the aesthetic realm. This tradition, however, is in tension with the experience of expert dancers who find intense aesthetic pleasure in the experience of their own bodily movements. How to resolve this tension is the goal of this chapter. More specifically, in contrast to the traditional view that denigrates the bodily even while elevating the body, I aim to make sense of dancers’ embodied aesthetic experience of their own movements, as well as observers’ embodied aesthetic experience of seeing bodies move.

scholarly journals The effects of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers on obesity and diabetes: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Jiao ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incretin Hormone ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptors

Sweet taste, one of the five basic taste qualities, is not only important for evaluation of food quality, but also guides the dietary food choices of animals. Sweet taste involves a variety of chemical compounds and structures, including natural sugars, sugar alcohols, natural and artificial sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins. The preference for sweetness has induced the over-consumption of sugar, contributing to certain prevailing health problems, such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners, including natural and synthetic sweeteners, and sweet-tasting proteins have been added to foods to reduce the caloric intake from sugar, but many of these sugar substitutes induce an off-taste or after taste that negatively impacts any pleasure derived from the sweet taste. Sweet taste is detected by sweet taste receptor, that also play an important role in the metabolic regulation of the body, such as glucose homeostasis and incretin hormone secretion. In this review, the role of sweet tastants and the sweet taste receptors involved in sweetness perception, and their effect on obesity and diabetes are summarized. Sweet taste enhancement, as a new way to solve the over-consumption of sugar, is discussed in this contribution. Sweet taste enhancers can bind with sweet tastans to potentiate the sweetness of food without producing any taste by itself. Various type of sweet taste enhancers, including synthetic compounds, food-processed substances and aroma compounds, are summarized. Notably, few natural, non-volatile compounds have been identified as sweetness enhancers.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS OF LIPID LEVELS MAY INDUCE THE INSULIN RESISTANCE IN TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
DIVYA JYOTHI P ◽  
DOONDI PHANI KUMAR N ◽  
VINAY MOHAN A ◽  
RAMYA A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not one disorder; it represents a series of metabolic conditions related to hyperglycemia and caused by defects in hormone secretion and hormone action. Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia may result in microvascular complications in the retina (diabetic retinopathy), kidney (diabetic nephropathy), neuron (diabetic-neuropathy), skin, foot, and cardiac complications (stroke, hypertension…etc.). International Diabetes Federation estimates that 1.1 million children and adolescents aged 14–19 years have type one DM. Without interventions to halt the increase in diabetes, there will be at least 629 million people living with diabetes by 2045. In the body, white adipose tissue is the leading site for the storage of excess energy produced from the food intake in large quantities, of the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 DM by the over intake of fatty acid in the body. It results in the accumulation of fatty acyl co-A (FA-CoA) within the myocytes. It leads to improper signaling of the insulin and reduces the level in the myocytes and pancreases beta cells. It combines with genetically reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator-1, initiates the inflammation process by the activation of the tumor necrotic factor alpha and protein kinase C. These alterations lead to further increase the intramyocellular FA-CoA and triglycerides. The sequence of events may develop mitochondrial dysfunction in the sarcolemma outer layers. Finally improves IR also with increasing intramyocellular lipids. This concept might be helpful to those who are pursuing endocrinology specialization, nursing staff, pharmacists, and other medical departments.

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