Attitudes and Technological Change

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Lienhard
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Baby Boomer ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Machine

We look into the mirror of our machines, but what do we really see when we look in that mirror? How does change occur in the context of the mirror? The mirror turns out to be a strange reflector. We do not see ourselves when we first look at a new machine because there is a time lag in the reflection. If you are a baby boomer or older, remember the first time you saw a computer. You felt neither need nor empathy for it. We cannot need what we have never experienced; yet that first glimpse initiated a long process. You have friends who still jitter about this new medium, wondering whether to accept the change it will bring into their lives or to keep dodging it. The need for transformation lies at our biological core, but we fear change nonetheless. The first computers I ever used were so large that they filled rooms, and we had to speak to them with punched cards. The simplest conversation could stretch into weeks. We would submit three-inch decks of cards, wait twenty-four hours, and be handed a five-hundred-page sheaf of nonsense output because a do-loop went mad when we misplaced a period. During the 1960s we began to compute things that had been beyond us a few years before; but even as we did we grew desperately frustrated. All we talked about was increasing the speed of calculation, but what we really needed was a more accurate mirror of our human nature. We finally began speaking directly to computers with keyboards during the 1970s. Then we realized we could compose text on the computer and print it out. Since the computer took no responsibility for organizing the text, we began to demand that word-processing logic be built into the computer. With the early 1980s, commercial software came on the market—canned sets of commands we could call up from the keyboard. Software now processed our words and laid our numbers out in spreadsheets. New programming languages removed more and more of the burden of speaking in the language of the machine.

scholarly journals Donor-intrinsic variables determine mobilization efficiency: analyses from a cohort of sixty twice-mobilized stem cell donors

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Zin Kim-Wanner ◽  
Seo-Youn Lee ◽  
Erhard Seifried ◽  
Halvard Bonig
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Graft Function ◽  
Anecdotal Evidence ◽  
Cell Compartment ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
Stem Cell Compartment ◽  
Poor Graft Function ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Healthy volunteer registry donors have become the backbone of stem cell transplantation programs. While most registrants will never become actual donors, a small minority are called upon twice, most commonly for the same patient because of poor graft function. Anecdotal evidence provides no hard reasons to disallow second-time mobilized apheresis, but few centers have treated enough two-time donors for definitive conclusions. Moreover, for reasons unknown, the efficiency of G-CSF varies greatly between donations. Methods Comparison of outcomes of first vs. second donations can formally confirm G-CSF responsiveness as intrinsically, likely genetically, determined. In our database, we identified 60 donors (1.3%) who received two cycles of G-CSF 24 days to 4 years apart and systematically compared mobilization outcomes. Results First and second mobilization and collection proceeded without severe or unusual adverse effects. First-time mobilization efficiency was highly predictive of second-time mobilization. Neither mobilization efficiency nor time lag between donations affected the similarity of first- and second-time mobilization outcomes. Conclusions With the caveat that only donors with an unremarkable first donation were cleared for a second, our data indicate that a second donation is feasible, equally tolerable as a first donation, and efficient. Moreover, the data strongly support the notion of donor-intrinsic variables dictating mobilization response and argue against relevant damage to the stem cell compartment during mobilization with rhG-CSF.

TANG JIANPING'S OPERA "THE DAWNS HERE ARE QUIET": HISTORY OF CREATION AND SPECIFICS OF MUSICAL DRAMATURGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Wang Kaidi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Chinese Opera ◽  
Traditional Chinese Culture ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Russian Identity

The article is devoted to the Opera "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by the Chinese composer Tang Jianping based on the same-named novel by Boris Vasilyev. The theme of the Great Patriotic War, which for the first time became the plot of the Chinese Opera, was in tune with the theme of the Chinese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion. The composition synthesizes the characteristics of the European opera type in its Russified version, which was reflected in the heroic and epic dramaturgy and multi-part musical text. Russian folklore allusions, quasi- quotes from Russian operas, military-patriotic and Soviet mass songs reflect the author's method. The integrity of musical dramaturgy was given by the leitmotif, which became the main marker of Russian identity in the Opera. The Opera lacks a naturalistic embodiment of the War, and depicts the enemy in a conventional, symbolic way, in the form of unnamed but recognizable figures. The creators of the play sought to reveal the barbaric essence of the War, its anti-human character, to present the psychological state of the heroes and the manifestation of their human nature. The theme of the death of young girls gave a special perspective to the Opera, which is particularly acute in China due to gender disparity. The concept of the composer, director and screenwriter reflects the ideological constants of traditional Chinese culture, which gave the Opera an internal subtext.

scholarly journals American Society Viewed from Youths’ Lens: A Study on Bob Dylan’s “A Hard Rain’s a-Gonna Fall”

Lexicon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzan Rodi ◽  
Rahmawan Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Baby Boomer ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Bob Dylan ◽  
Sociological Literature ◽  
American Society ◽  
The 1960S

This study examines the lyric of a famous song entitled A Hard Rains a-Gonna Fall composed by American folk musician, Bob Dylan. The objective of this study is to analyze the perspective of the baby-boomer generation, which remarkably differs from that of the older generations in terms of their attitude on certain issues such as war, social injustice, racism and equality in the 1960s America. All of these are reflected in the lyric of the song and also in the sociological and historical facts around the time when the work was created. The approach of sociological literature is employed in this study, which is chosen for the analysis to start from the assumption that the meaning of the lyrics is seen as the reflection of what happens in the society. This is also to reconfirm that a literary work can be used as a means of analyzing a period of time and, therefore, giving insights as to how the general public think about it.

scholarly journals Emigration of Jews from the Soviet Union in the 1960-1970s through the eyes of the American press

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-160
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Antoshin ◽  
Dmitry L. Strovsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
American Press ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes the features of Soviet emigration and repatriation in the second half of the 1960s through the early 1970s, when for the first time after a long period of time, and as a result of political agreements between the USSR and the USA, hundreds of thousands of Soviet Jews were able to leave the Soviet Union for good and settle in the United States and Israel. Our attention is focused not only on the history of this issue and the overall political situation of that time, but mainly on the peculiarities of this issue coverage by the leading American printed media. The reference to the media as the main empirical source of this study allows not only perceiving the topic of emigration and repatriation in more detail, but also seeing the regularities of the political ‘face’ of the American press of that time. This study enables us to expand the usual framework of knowledge of emigration against the background of its historical and cultural development in the 20th century.

Rescued from the Brink: the Collapse and Resurgence of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 354-364
Author(s):  
Andrew Atherstone
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
First World War ◽  
Conservative Estimate ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
First World ◽  
The Church

The twenty-five theological colleges of the Church of England entered the 1960s in buoyant mood. Rooms were full, finances were steadily improving, expansion seemed inevitable. For four years in succession, from 1961 to 1964, ordinations exceeded six hundred a year, for the first time since before the First World War, and the peak was expected to rise still higher. In a famously misleading report, the sociologist Leslie Paul predicted that at a ‘conservative estimate’ there would be more than eight hundred ordinations a year by the 1970s. In fact, the opposite occurred. The boom was followed by bust, and the early 1970s saw ordinations dip below four hundred. The dramatic plunge in the number of candidates offering themselves for Anglican ministry devastated the theological colleges. Many began running at a loss and faced imminent bankruptcy. In desperation the central Church authorities set about closing or merging colleges, but even their ruthless cutbacks could not keep pace with the fall in ordinands.

The New Synthesis

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Erika Lorraine Milam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Natural And Sexual Selection

This chapter discusses new understandings of humanity from the 1960s onward. It shows how a particular group of scientists struggled with the question of human nature by conceiving of natural and sexual selection as acting at the level of individuals, who in turn served as genetic-information processing units. A trait could not spread in a population unless it conferred some advantage to the individuals who possessed it, allowing them to contribute more copies of their genes to the next generation of that population than other individuals. These struggles are furthermore framed within a period when sociobiology was just starting to get a foothold in academics.

From New Anarchism to Post-anarchism

Kropotkin ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Political Theorist ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter examines contemporary anarchist critiques of Kropotkin, especially post-anarchist analysis. It argues that science has become a byword to describe Kropotkin's political theory, providing an exemplar for classical anarchism. This theory is described as teleological, based on a particular concept of human nature and linked to a form of revolutionary utopianism that promises the realisation of anarchy. Post-anarchists dissolve the distance between Kropotkin and Bakunin that advocates of his evolutionary theory invented in the 1960s in order to rescue anarchism from its reputation for violence. This repackaging of historical traditions underpins judgments about the irrelevance of anarchism to contemporary politics and political theory. In response, critics of post-anarchism have sought to defend nineteenth-century revolutionary traditions. The result of this argument is that Kropotkin emerges as a political theorist of class struggle. This defence raises significant questions about the coherence of Kropotkin's position on the war in 1914.

Hollywood Can’t Wait: Elaine May and the Delusions of 1970s American Cinema

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Maya Montañez Smukler
Keyword(s):  
Women Directors ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
American Cinema ◽  
New Hollywood ◽  
Second Wave Feminism ◽  
Feminist Film ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Made In

Elaine May began her career as a filmmaker during the 1970s when the mythology of the New Hollywood male auteur defined the decade; and the number of women directors, boosted by second wave feminism, increased for the first time in forty years. May’s interest in misfit characters, as socially awkward as they were delusional, and her ability to seamlessly move them between comedy and drama, typified the New Hollywood protagonist who captured America’s uneasy transition from the hopeful rebellion of the 1960s into the narcissistic angst of the 1970s. However, the filmmaker’s reception, which culminated in the critical lambast of her comeback film Ishtar in 1987, was uneven: her battles with studio executives are legendary; feminist film critics railed against her depiction of female characters; and a former assistant claimed she set back women directors by her inability to meet deadlines. This chapter investigates Elaine May’s career within the lore 1970s Hollywood to understand the industrial and cultural circumstances that contributed to the emergence of her influential body of work; and the significant contributions to cinema she made in spite of, and perhaps because of, the conflicts in which she was faced.

Poverty, Punishment, and Public Assistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Rymph
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Children Of Color ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This chapter explores policy changes in the 1960s that for the first time allowed federal funds to be spent on board payments but which also made foster care a more punitive system, now firmly linked to public assistance, in which children of color were overrepresented. It looks particularly at the impact of the creation of Aid to Families with Dependent Children-Foster Care (AFDC-FC) in making foster care in this transition.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Kutulas
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Baby Boomer ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Baby Boomer Generation ◽  
Traditional Authorities ◽  
The 1960S

This introduction sets up the argument that because traditional authorities lost power and centrality by the end of the 1960s, the popular culture became a more potent model for how individuals might live their lives. This was especially true of members of the baby boomer generation because of their numbers and life stages in the 1970s. While there was a backlash against the diversity and equality that were important features of this new society, most individual American lives changed because of the 1960s revolutions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document