TANG JIANPING'S OPERA "THE DAWNS HERE ARE QUIET": HISTORY OF CREATION AND SPECIFICS OF MUSICAL DRAMATURGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Wang Kaidi ◽  

The article is devoted to the Opera "The Dawns Here Are Quiet" by the Chinese composer Tang Jianping based on the same-named novel by Boris Vasilyev. The theme of the Great Patriotic War, which for the first time became the plot of the Chinese Opera, was in tune with the theme of the Chinese Resistance to the Japanese Invasion. The composition synthesizes the characteristics of the European opera type in its Russified version, which was reflected in the heroic and epic dramaturgy and multi-part musical text. Russian folklore allusions, quasi- quotes from Russian operas, military-patriotic and Soviet mass songs reflect the author's method. The integrity of musical dramaturgy was given by the leitmotif, which became the main marker of Russian identity in the Opera. The Opera lacks a naturalistic embodiment of the War, and depicts the enemy in a conventional, symbolic way, in the form of unnamed but recognizable figures. The creators of the play sought to reveal the barbaric essence of the War, its anti-human character, to present the psychological state of the heroes and the manifestation of their human nature. The theme of the death of young girls gave a special perspective to the Opera, which is particularly acute in China due to gender disparity. The concept of the composer, director and screenwriter reflects the ideological constants of traditional Chinese culture, which gave the Opera an internal subtext.

Author(s):  
Matt Jenkinson

This paper outlines the sinological activities of Nathanael Vincent (d. 1722), an obscure and elusive fellow of the Royal Society (1683–7; readmitted 1694) who was also fellow of Clare Hall in Cambridge and chaplain in ordinary to Charles II. An amateur scientist operating in the shadow of the great fellows of the early Royal Society, Vincent's involvement ranged from investigating the work of Denis Papin to presenting a manuscript of Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica . However, his greatest contribution to the intellectual history of the Restoration is located in his 1685 translation of Confucius's ‘Great Learning’, which seems to be the first time that a Confucian book began to be printed in the English language. Hitherto unnoticed, hidden away in an appendix to a court sermon, it nonetheless represented part of the interest in Chinese culture in the circles of the early Royal Society. This paper places Vincent in the context of the activities of the early Royal Society and offers an overview of this interest in sinology. It then considers how Vincent gained access to Confucian texts, how he was able to ‘translate’ from them, and what ramifications the philosophy had for an Anglican divine in Restoration England.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-888
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny

The present article continues the research about the role of the ethnic factor in Red Army recruitment during the Great Patriotic War, the first part of which was published in RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (May 2020). This time the focus is on admission restrictions and prohibitions for certain Soviet ethnic groups, as well as on purges from the army due to soldiers nationality. The contribution analyzes the major causes and the scale of this phenomenon, as well as the regulatory framework of restrictions and prohibitions and their development during the war. It is established that the reason for such restrictions could be political motives (distrust towards citizens on ethnic grounds), but also the ethno-cultural and linguistic features of conscripts coming from certain nationalities, with the idea that these features prevented their full use in military service. The article analyzes the practice of restrictions on ethnic grounds, including cases when military authorities in the field allowed for significant deviations from the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the present research consists in the fact that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed with quantitative methods, which made it possible to significantly deepen our understanding of ethnic processes in the Soviet armed forces.


Author(s):  
E.I. Darius

The main purpose of the article is to present the art and biography of the artist Irina Varzar, who worked in the field of book and easel graphics. Her works are well known to Soviet art historians, but a systematic study of the artist's biography and work has not yet been done. This article for the first time lays the foundations for a detailed study of the artistic heritage and biography of I.V. Varzar. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that on the basis of archival sources, an important stage of the artist's life in Barnaul during the great Patriotic war (1941–1945) is restored. There she was evacuated from besieged Leningrad. For the first time, the graphic works of the artist created in Altai are described in detail. The article uses a comprehensive methodological approach — the main art history analysis is expanded through archival research and the method of historical and biographical reconstruction. The main results include the introduction into the scientific and art history of a number of works by Irina Varzar, a systematic presentation of the main stages of the artist's creative biography. For the first time, her works of the period of the Great Patriotic War are analyzed in detail and the main techniques of the artistic method are shown. Основная цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы представить искусство и биографию художницы Ирины Васильевны Варзар, работавшей в области книжной и станковой графики. Ее работы хорошо известны историкам искусства советского времени, но системного исследования биографии и творчества художницы еще не сделано. Настоящая статья впервые закладывает основы подробного изучения художественного наследия и биографии И.В. Варзар. Новизна работы заключается в том, что на основании архивных источников восстанавливается важный этап жизни художницы в Барнауле в период Великой Отечественной войны (1941–1945 гг.). Туда она была эвакуирована из блокадного Ленинграда. Впервые подробно описываются графические работы художницы, созданные ею на Алтае. В статье применен комплексный методологический подход — основной искусствоведческий анализ расширен за счет архивоведческих изысканий и метода историко-биографической реконструкции. К основным результатам стоит отнести введение в научный и искусствоведческий оборот ряда произведений Ирины Варзар, систематическое изложение основных этапов творческой биографии художницы. Впервые подробно анализируются ее работы периода Великой Отечественной войны и показываются основные приемы художественного метода.


Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.А. СЕКИНАЕВ

В изучении истории Великой Отечественной войны, как правило, основное внимание уделялось героике – битвам, сражениям, славным воинам. Гораздо меньше исследовательского внимания пришлось на военную повседневность, трудовые будни тыла. Актуальность этого вопроса сегодня заключается в многочисленных попытках фальсификации истории войны. К сожалению, тема тыла в условиях оккупации отдельных регионов стала использоваться в провокационных проектах, направленных на разжигание межнациональной розни. Ангажированность и политизированность таких исследований подтверждается многочисленными тиражами отдельных «трудов», очерняющих вклад народов страны в победу. Противостоять таким попыткам необходимо с позиций академической науки. В настоящей статье рассматриваются трудовые процессы, происходившие в тылу боевых действий в Северной Осетии: всеобщая мобилизация трудового населения на помощь фронту, деятельность промышленных предприятий на территории республики. Поставленные вопросы в той или иной степени нашли свое отражение в советской историографии, но многие события и явления, оказавшиеся на периферии исследовательского внимания, нуждаются в анализе или переосмыслении. В настоящей статье впервые вводятся в научный оборот новые источники – материалы периодической печати военных лет: республиканской газеты «Социалистическая Осетия», а также заводских газет «На рельсы» и «Рабочий Электроцинка», которые существенно дополняют сложившиеся представления о жизни тыла ‒ хорошо организованного хозяйственно-экономического, социально-политического и культурного пространства, с помощью которого удалось остановить врага от захвата столицы ‒ города Орджоникидзе, и дальнейшего продвижения немецкой армии в Закавказье. Study of the history of the Great Patriotic War, as a rule, focuses on heroics − battles, glorious warriors. Much less research attention was paid to military everyday life and the working days of the rear. The relevance of this issue today is accounted for by numerous attempts to falsify the history of the war. Unfortunately, the topic of the rear under the occupation of certain regions began to be used in provocative projects aimed at inciting ethnic hatred. Partisanship and politicization of such research is confirmed by numerous copies of individual "works" to blacken the country's contribution to the victory of the peoples. It is necessary to resist such attempts from the standpoint of academic science. This article discusses the labor processes that took place in the rear of the hostilities in North Ossetia: the general mobilization of the working population to help the front, the activities of industrial enterprises in the republic. The questions raised, to one degree or another, were reflected in Soviet historiography, but many events and phenomena that have fallen on the periphery of research attention need analysis or rethinking. This article for the first time introduces into scientific circulation new sources − materials from the periodical press of the war years: the republican newspaper "Socialist Ossetia", as well as the factory newspapers "On the Rails" and "Electrozinc Worker ", which significantly complement the prevailing ideas about the life of the rear − a well-organized economic, socio-political and cultural space, with the help of which it was possible to stop the enemy from seizing the capital − the city of Ordzhonikidze, and further advance the German army in Transcaucasia.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-319
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny

Due to the multi-ethnic nature of our state, the ethnic factor has always been important in the recruitment, organization and combat use of the Russian armed forces. The deeper the ethnocultural, especially linguistic differences of the personnel, the more urgent was the need for a special organization of military service of the non-Russian contingent. The article is devoted to the analysis of ethnic processes in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Much attention is given to the dynamics of the quantitative and specific representation of Soviet ethnic groups during the war, the reasons for the reduction or, on the contrary, the expansion of this representation. The research is based on normative and policy documents that regulated mobilization and conscription work, as well as office documents that reflect the execution of state decisions. Among the latter, the author has identified a set of accounting and statistical materials of the central organizational and mobilization institutions of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR. The scientific novelty of the presented research is that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the red army during the Great Patriotic War was analyzed using quantitative research methods. This made it possible to significantly deepen the understanding of the ethnic processes taking place in the Soviet armed forces.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (01) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Anna Boiko ◽  
Li Ming

The publication is devoted to the research of the life way and career of the outstanding composer, producer and writer Li Jinhui. It is determined that he had done a significant contribution to the development of Chinese literature, and is also the founder of the pop and vocal art of China. The composer’s work had a significant effect on the formation of Chinese opera. It is educed that Li Jinhui was the founder of children’s song, modern song (shidaiqu) and children’s song and dance performance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 12-30
Author(s):  
Sandra A. Wawrytko

Two forms of perception rise in aesthetic experience, corresponding to two complementary attentional networks in the bilateral brain identified by neuroscientists. Not all cultures have valued these perceptions equally. Traditional Chinese culture adheres to the Hybrid Brain model that integrates the stimulus-driven and task-driven modes of attention, as demonstrated by its positive assessment of emotions in human nature, sensuousness in Nature, and the nondualism of humans within Nature. In contrast, the dualistic aesthetics of ancient Greek culture espouses a hierarchical privileging of task-driven attention, characterized by a mistrust of emotion, a deep-seated fear of Nature, and an egocentric/anthropocentric perspective.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
ANASTASIA S. KOPTELOVA ◽  

Today, the study of the history of the Great Patriotic War is of interest both for professional historians and for those interested in Patriotic history, which, in turn, is due to a number of socio-political factors. At the same time, despite the wide interest of modern Russian society and a narrow circle of specialists in this period, there is a problem of subjective perception of the history of the Great Patriotic War. The purpose of the study is the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region during the Great Patriotic War as a rear area. The scientific novelty of this article lies primarily in the fact that for the first time a description of the daily life of the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region and its inhabitants during the Great Patriotic War is given. There are analyzed the activity and work of both enterprises and organizations and individual citizens in the rear. Brief biographical data of the workers of the rear of the Great Patriotic War, natives of the Arkhangelsk district of the Voronezh region are investigated, their memories are given. The article also mentions the situation of underage home front workers, their contribution to harvesting and digging trenches. The results of the study provide a broad insight into everyday life in the Soviet rear during the Great Patriotic Warю


2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110169
Author(s):  
Zhen-Dong Wang ◽  
Feng-Yan Wang

Traditional Chinese culture is commonly viewed as a trinity of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Originally emerging from the Book of Changes, the concept of Taiji has a profound interactive influence with Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist thought in the history of Chinese philosophy. Because the construction of self-models is often closely related to thinking modes, as a root metaphor in the Chinese culture, the diagram of Taiji that best fits Chinese yin–yang thinking can be used as a prototype to explain the self-structure, the process of self-cultivation, and the realm of person making in the context of Chinese culture. This article reviews the Confucian, Taoist, and Buddhist Taiji model of the self and the theory of self-cultivation realms based on these self-models and examines the similarities and differences among them. The ternary Taiji models of the self can complement one another and contribute to a more comprehensive, profound, and accurate understanding of the pluralistic connotations of the traditional Chinese self.


2019 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Zakharov ◽  
A. A. Komarova ◽  
O. V. Kryshtanovskaya

The article attempts to conceptualize the nature of managerial knowledge in traditional Chinese culture and the possibility of using methodological potential of current sociology of knowledge for this task. The role and significance of cognitive problematics in the history of old China have been formulated, Confucian type of knowledge has been analyzed; the placein this ancient management knowledge has been considered a statement on formation of predetermination of social consciousness of the Chinese has been substantiated. A conclusion on historical significance, productiveness and potential of Confucian sociology for formation of sociocultural mechanism of management of China has been made.


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