Poverty, Punishment, and Public Assistance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Rymph
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Children Of Color ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This chapter explores policy changes in the 1960s that for the first time allowed federal funds to be spent on board payments but which also made foster care a more punitive system, now firmly linked to public assistance, in which children of color were overrepresented. It looks particularly at the impact of the creation of Aid to Families with Dependent Children-Foster Care (AFDC-FC) in making foster care in this transition.

The decline and rise of class voting? From occupation to culture in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McAllister ◽  
Toni Makkai
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
Class Voting ◽  
Party Support ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Conventional wisdom has long held that class is declining as an influence on voting. More recently, new conceptions of class, focusing on the ownership of economic assets and the possession of social and cultural capital, have challenged this view. This article evaluates these arguments in two ways. First, we examine trends in the impact of traditional measures of class on the vote in Australia from the 1960s to the present day. Second, using a 2015 national survey that measures different aspects of class voting, we assess for the first time the relative effects on the vote of occupation, assets, and social and cultural capital. The results show that while occupation has declined and is now unimportant, the ownership of both assets and cultural capital are major influences on the vote. We argue that the impact of class on the vote has not declined, but rather transformed itself in new and different ways, which has important long-term implications for party support.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Nicos Hadjinicolaou's “Art Centers and Peripheral Art” (1982)

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Terry Smith
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Book Art ◽  
Hard Edge ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Change in the history of art has many causes, but one often overlooked by art historical institutions is the complex, unequal set of relationships that subsist between art centers and peripheries. These take many forms, from powerful penetration of peripheral art by the subjects, styles and modes of the relevant center, through accommodation to this penetration to various degrees and kinds of resistance to it. Mapping these relationships should be a major task for art historians, especially those committed to tracing the reception of works of art and the dissemination of ideas about art. This lecture, delivered by Nicos Hadjinicolaou in 1982, outlines a “political art geography” approach to these challenges, and demonstrates it by exploring four settings: the commissioning of paintings commemorating key battles during the Greek War of Independence; the changes in Diego Rivera's style on his return to Mexico from Paris in the 1920s; the impact on certain Mexican artists in the 1960s of “hard edge” painting from the United States; and the differences between Socialist Realism in Moscow and in the Soviet Republics of Asia during the mid-twentieth century. The lecture is here translated into English for the first time and is introduced by Terry Smith, who relates it to its author's long-term art historical quest, as previously pursued in his book Art History and Class Struggle (1973).

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION AND OPERATION OF THE TU-144 SUPERSONIC AIRLINER (according to memoir sources)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Alsu Sh. Ayzatullova ◽  
Mikhail A. Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time ◽  
Design And Testing

For the first time, the history of the creation and operation of the Tu-144 airliner is investigated on the basis of the memoirs of aviation specialists. The development of an airliner has been studied taking into account the socio-political processes of the 1960s-1970s, and that left a serious imprint on the development of science and technology in this period. The specifics of the historical sources used, highlighting important aspects of the topic, are shown, and their criticism is carried out. The results of the analysis of memories that capture the key moments of the programme of the Soviet supersonic airliner are presented. A comparison was made of the opinions of the authors of memoirs on certain issues (the reasons for the creation of the airliner, problems in its design and testing, as well as the reasons for the completion of the programme). The differences in the assessments of the memoirists of certain aspects of the project are revealed. It is pointed out exactly what lessons can be learned from the project by contemporary Russian statesmen and aviation specialists

scholarly journals Forecasting Aid to Families With Dependent Children Caseloads and Payments in Delaware

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Richard F. Bieker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to present a model which was developed to forecast Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) caseloads and payments in Delaware. The model consists of a caseload equation, a paynlents equation and three labor market equations. The model, which was fitted statistically using quarterly data for the period 1958-1976, forecasts significantly better than trend type models. In addition, the model, unlike trend type models has the potential for forecasting turning points and can be used to simulate the impact of proposed policy changes.

Ethiopia: the Victory of the Sidama in the Longer Than a Century’s Struggle for the Self-determination

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Roza Ismagilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Stratification ◽  
Ethnic Federalism ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

For the first time in the history of domestic Ethiopian studies, the article analyzes in detail the successful struggle of one of the Ethiopian peoples’, the Sidama, for self-determination. On the 20th of November, 2019 a truly historic event took place in Ethiopia: one of the country’s many ethnic communities, the Sidama, achieved self-government. At a referendum about 98% voted in favor of the creation of the Sidama state. This provoked a chain reaction in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region: already 13 ethnic communities – Wolaita, Gamo, Gurage, Kaffa and others – are demanding the creation of their own states. Centrifugal processes in the country have become noticeably more active. The present paper is divided in four sections. The first section, “Who are the Sidama?”, offers a detailed description of the Sidama and emphasizes the vitality of traditional social and cultural institutions, including ethnic stratification and the continued presence of castes of artisans. At the same time, it is noted that globalization and urbanization are introducing significant changes in the life of the Sidama. The second section, “The Sidama under ethnic federalism”, analyzes the positive and negative aspects of ethnic federalism and the reasons for the discontent of the Sidama, as well as the causes of Sidama’s grievances and conflicts over power and resources with other ethnic communities, which ultimately led to their struggle for self-government. The third section, “The Sidama’s struggle for self-government”, provides a detailed account of the Sidama’s struggle against the policy of Amharization during the imperial period, the discrimination in Derg rule (1974–1991) and, since 1991, during the period of ethnic federalism. The fourth section, “Referendum”, is devoted to a detailed description of this important event in the life of the Sidama and their victory: the difficulties and obstacles to organizing the referendum, the attitude of the federal government, the referendum itself and victory. Finally, in the fifth section, “The impact of the creation of the Sidama state on the situation in the region”, the author analyzes the Constitution of the new state. The creation of the new 10th state on the ethnic basis means the strengthening of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. It is important to stress that the author has conducted several e-mail interviews with Sidama scholars and journalists – active participants in the Sidama movement for self-determination – on the topic of post-referendum events.

scholarly journals The impact of literature-centric concepts on the development of the symphonic creativeness of Boris Tishchenko in the 1960s

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Iurii Eduardovich Serov
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Artistic Image ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dramatic Music

The research subject is the symphonic creativeness of an outstanding Russian composer of the late 20th century Boris Ivanovich Tishchenko (1939 - 2010). The author studies his works of the 1960s inspired by classical and modern Russian poetry. The author focuses on such issues as the interrelation between music and poetry in Tishchenko’s orchestra compositions, and the significant influence of literature concepts on the development of his symphonic style. Special attention is given to the four outstanding works of the composer: “The Twelve”, a ballet based on A. Blok’s poem (1963), Symphony No.2 Marina to M. Tsvetaeva’s lyrics (1964), Requiem to the poem by A. Akhmatova, and a dramatic music “The Death of Pushkin” (1967). The author arrives at the conclusion that the most part of Tishchenko’s symphonic creativity was based on his love of literature, words, artistic image begotten by literature and poetry. The author’s special contribution to the research of the topic is a detailed study of large symphonic works by Tishchenko of the 1960s based on poetry. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that literature-centric works by Tishchenko are being for the first time considered in the context of the development of his symphonic creativeness; the article detects a close connection between the author’s style and the composer’s language and the non-music confluence on his creative thinking.   

Conclusion: The 1960s and Beyond

2015 ◽  
pp. 346-356
Author(s):  
David H. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Summer Camps ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This concluding chapter addresses the impact of the Holocaust on established forms of collective Jewish identity and commitment in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The profound rupture in both Jewish and general life during the war and the physical dislocation that followed meant that thousands of survivors in western Europe had to rediscover or discover for the first time their place among other Jews and among their fellow citizens. In attempting to find a new rationale for Jewish survival, leading Jewish figures of all stripes recognized that there could be no simple return to what they believed were the pre-war polarities of religious orthodoxy on the one hand and assimilationism on the other. With the aid of money from reparation payments and the guidance of organizations like the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), French, Belgian, and Dutch Jewish leaders created new institutions, such as Jewish community centres, summer camps, and sports clubs, to appeal to a mobile and unsettled population. While not all of these efforts were immediately successful, what slowly emerged were new forms of Jewish consciousness that enabled young men and women to express their commitment to a shared fate outside the traditional framework of formal religious and educational institutions.

scholarly journals Art Centers and Peripheral Art [A Lecture at the University of Hamburg, October 15, 1982]

ARTMargins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Nicos Hadjinicolaou
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Political Art ◽  
Book Art ◽  
Hard Edge ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Change in the history of art has many causes, but one often overlooked by art historical institutions is the complex, unequal set of relationships that subsist between art centers and peripheries. These take many forms, from powerful penetration of peripheral art by the subjects, styles and modes of the relevant center, through accommodation to this penetration to various degrees and kinds of resistance to it. Mapping these relationships should be a major task for art historians, especially those committed to tracing the reception of works of art and the dissemination of ideas about art. This lecture, delivered by Nicos Hadjinicolaou in 1982, outlines a “political art geography” approach to these challenges, and demonstrates it by exploring four settings: the commissioning of paintings commemorating key battles during the Greek War of Independence; the changes in Diego Rivera's style on his return to Mexico from Paris in the 1920s; the impact on certain Mexican artists in the 1960s of “hard edge” painting from the United States; and the differences between Socialist Realism in Moscow and in the Soviet Republics of Asia during the mid-twentieth century. The lecture is here translated into English for the first time and is introduced by Terry Smith, who relates it to its author's long-term art historical quest, as previously pursued in his book Art History and Class Struggle (1973).

The information content of an increase in federal funds rate from a zero lower bound environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-277
Author(s):  
Violeta Diaz ◽  
Harikumar Sankaran ◽  
Subramanian Rama Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Rate Increase ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
Federal Funds Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Event Study Methodology

Purpose After a seven-year period of being stuck in the zero lower bound (ZLB) range, the target rate was raised by 25 basis points on December 16, 2015. Prior to the rate hike, the important issues that the Federal Reserve dealt with were the magnitude, timing, and the information conveyed by a first-time rate hike from the ZLB period. The purpose of this paper is to use the data from the ZLB period and simulate the impact of an increase in the proxies for the federal funds rate: effective federal funds rate and shadow rate, and measure the impact on the resulting changes in credit default swap (CDS) spreads across 11 industries. Increases in both proxies predict a significant decrease in CDS spreads which is indicative of an economic recovery. This prediction is confirmed by the announcement effect of the actual rate increase on December 16, 2015 and the three subsequent rate increases. Design/methodology/approach In the absence of target rate changes in the ZLB environment, the authors use a recursive vector autoregressive (VAR) model to simulate the rate increases in proxies for target federal rate and predict the impact on the economy by observing the reaction in CDS spreads and stock returns across 11 industries. Findings The impulse response indicates that an increase of one standard deviation in the effective rate (approximately 25 basis points) results in a statistically significant decrease in the spreads of CDS contracts in 8 of the 11 sectors studied in this research. Similar results obtain for an increase in shadow rate thus providing a robustness check. These results suggest a rate increase from the ZLB period and the resulting dynamics captured in the VAR system is indicative of an economic recovery. Originality/value Prior studies have used the event study methodology to evaluate the impact of rate changes on credit spreads. The ZLB environment does not contain data on target rate changes and renders the event study methodology as ineffective. This paper is the first to simulate the implications of a first-time rate increase from the ZLB environment in the context of a recursive VAR model. The results are very helpful to the Federal Reserve of countries experiencing a ZLB environment such as Japan and Europe.

scholarly journals Bewegungsszenarien der Ballettreform und des Literaturballetts (1760/ 1960)

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Julia Bührle
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Expressive Movement ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Written Descriptions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
First Time

This article explores the transmedial process of translation of words into movements and vice versa by analysing parallels and differences between movement scenarios and literary ballets created from the 1760s and the 1960s onwards. It introduces different forms of movement scenarios that precede or accompany the creation of literary ballets or contribute to their preservation – literary texts and libretti, notations, reviews and other written descriptions of the movements of a ballet. These movement scenarios and the choreographic »texts« of ballets allow us to study the ways works of literature have been transposed into movements since the eighteenth century. The article briefly compares two ballets created in Stuttgart in 1763 and 1978 respectively, Jean-Georges Noverre’s ‚Médée et Jason‘ and John Neumeier’s ‚Lady of the Camellias‘. Thus, it demonstrates that the task which eighteenth- century ballet masters set themselves for the first time – the transposition of complex literary sources into a wordless genre – was fully accomplished two hundred years later when a number of choreographers created expressive movement vocabularies that allowed them to represent and interpret the action of literary texts.

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