The Changing Fortunes of Syncretism

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-54
Author(s):  
Ross Kane
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

Syncretism’s varying connotations have become sedimented within the word over time. To unearth the perceived challenges around syncretism, the chapter studies the word’s history up to the early twentieth century—its use, how it has been deployed, about whom, and for what ends. The word “syncretism” has been used to reconcile opposing factions, neutrally describe religious mixture, and disparage religious mixture. In Christian circles, the term’s pejorative turn came only recently, in the early twentieth century. This shift relates to wider fears among Christians during this period as Christianity spread in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These fears relate to two key themes, revelation and race.

Listening and Responding to the Evidence of Early Twentieth-Century Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (S1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leech-Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTEarly recordings raise fundamental questions about our response to music. Why do these performances seem so strange to us? How could they ever have made musical sense to listeners? How might we make sense of them now, in our very different music-cultural environment? This paper looks at some of the ways in which musical sounds model other processes involving change over time. A mechanism is proposed that may underlie the cross-domain mappings generating musical meaning. Music is seen to be exceptionally adaptable to the modelling of other experiences, able to offer many potential likenesses, among which those with most relevance to what an individual brain already knows and believes are favoured by conscious perception. Performance and perception styles change over time as certain kinds of potential meaning are selected for their relevance to other aspects of contemporary experience. The model helps to explain how subjectivity is constructed and how it changes.

scholarly journals From The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter to Princess Kaguya: Metamorphoses of the Tale in Manga and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-213
Author(s):  
Mika Saito
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
Heian Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Classics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ancient Texts

There are currently numerous manga adaptations of Japanese literary classics of the Heian period. Many of them have been created for educational purpose. It is debatable, however, whether they truly serve such a purpose. In this paper, I will discuss the case of Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, beginning of 10th century). Like all present-day adaptations of ancient texts, manga versions of Taketori monogatari differ significantly from its premodern counterparts. In this paper, I will examine the adaption of the theme, representations of the characters Princess Kaguya (Kaguya-hime) and the bamboo cutter, and manners in which Taketori monogatari metamorphosed into Kaguya-hime over time and when this metamorphosis occurred. Comparing manga representations with premodern versions, I will argue that government-sanctioned textbooks that began to be published in the early twentieth century have played some role in the transformation because they share common characteristics with the modern version Kaguya-hime. In addition, I will compare manga versions to Nara-emaki and Nara-ehon (picture scrolls and picture books produced between the late Muromachi and  Edo periods). Comparing these premodern sources with modern manga will help us see some of the differences in the ways the tale has been adapted over the centuries and to consider some of the factors that contributed to new interpretations.

Representing Anglophone culture in China

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-141
Author(s):  
Mingming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foreignizing Translation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using three Chinese translations of Peter Pan completed at different times in history, this paper discusses how the spread of the Anglophone culture in China influenced the representation of Anglophone culture in translations. The paper provides an overview of different types of culture-bound elements identified in Peter Pan, illustrating the different translation strategies adopted to treat these elements. The analysis focuses on the influence of the changing sociocultural context in China, exploring how the spread of Anglophone culture in China over time is reflected in the translation of culture-bound elements. As the penetration of the Anglophone culture into China became more profound from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, the source culture became better preserved, providing readers with a culturally rich target text with foreignizing translation strategies.

Status Attainment among Emancipated Slaves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruef
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes the legacy of slavery for status attainment among the first generation of blacks who were liberated from this institution. Its quantitative findings suggest that categorical uncertainty became more pronounced over time: while the internal hierarchy of slavery clearly predicted the occupations that emancipated blacks would hold after the Civil War, it became largely decoupled from status attainment in the succeeding decades. Mediating effects, such as the Freedmen Bureau's educational interventions and black migration, also served to curtail the reproduction of antebellum status. By the early twentieth century, the most durable predictor of the kinds of jobs that were available to blacks who had been born in the antebellum South was the legal distinction between those who were free and those who were slaves before 1865.

From Mecca to Cairo: Changing Influences on Fatwas in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shiozaki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Complete Transformation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.

Keeping Hannah

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Bethany Montagano
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This paper is about Hannah, touted by early twentieth century tourists as America’s last black slave held by the Florida Seminoles until 1921. Symptomatic of a tendency to privilege racial caricatures over cultural complexities, these tourists overlooked key cultural nuances that complicated her servility. This paper restores that complexity to light. In tracing the shifts of Hannah’s enslavement over time, this paper illuminates how she moved between various states and degrees of slavery. Reconstructing this dynamic experience we see how her life was built, culturally blended and bound to her enslavers. To truly remember Hannah is to look beyond race and embrace complexity in our public memory of slavery.

scholarly journals Italians Abroad: Verdi's La traviata and the 1906 Milan Exposition

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 237-272
Author(s):  
Ditlev Rindom
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Global Presence ◽  
International Importance ◽  
La Traviata ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between Milan's 1906 Exposition and a celebrated revival of Verdi's La traviata (1853). An event of national and international importance, the Exposition was notable for its focus on Italy's global presence, and in particular Italy's relationship with Latin America. The Traviata production, meanwhile, comprised the first Italian staging of Verdi's opera in period costume, performed at La Scala by a quintessentially modern, celebrity ensemble to mark the Exposition's opening. This article explores the parallels between the Exposition and the production, to investigate the complex, shifting position of Milan (and Italy) within the transatlantic cultural and operatic networks of the time; and more broadly, to examine the role of operatic staging in shaping understandings of global space within the mobile operatic canon of the early twentieth century.

The garden city in early twentieth-century Latin America

Urban History ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARTURO ALMANDOZ
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Garden City ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World

As it happened in other parts of the world, the ‘Garden City’ was used more as an image than as a model in early twentieth-century Latin America. While attempting to set the regional diffusion of the model in international perspective, the review intends to explore the analogous use of the concept by Latin American historiography, following the two senses according to which it has been simplified: namely for its bucolic resonance, and to denote the suburban layouts that were different from traditional models.

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