scholarly journals From The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter to Princess Kaguya: Metamorphoses of the Tale in Manga and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-213
Author(s):  
Mika Saito
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Educational Purpose ◽  
Heian Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Classics ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Ancient Texts

There are currently numerous manga adaptations of Japanese literary classics of the Heian period. Many of them have been created for educational purpose. It is debatable, however, whether they truly serve such a purpose. In this paper, I will discuss the case of Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, beginning of 10th century). Like all present-day adaptations of ancient texts, manga versions of Taketori monogatari differ significantly from its premodern counterparts. In this paper, I will examine the adaption of the theme, representations of the characters Princess Kaguya (Kaguya-hime) and the bamboo cutter, and manners in which Taketori monogatari metamorphosed into Kaguya-hime over time and when this metamorphosis occurred. Comparing manga representations with premodern versions, I will argue that government-sanctioned textbooks that began to be published in the early twentieth century have played some role in the transformation because they share common characteristics with the modern version Kaguya-hime. In addition, I will compare manga versions to Nara-emaki and Nara-ehon (picture scrolls and picture books produced between the late Muromachi and  Edo periods). Comparing these premodern sources with modern manga will help us see some of the differences in the ways the tale has been adapted over the centuries and to consider some of the factors that contributed to new interpretations.

The Changing Fortunes of Syncretism

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-54
Author(s):  
Ross Kane
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

Syncretism’s varying connotations have become sedimented within the word over time. To unearth the perceived challenges around syncretism, the chapter studies the word’s history up to the early twentieth century—its use, how it has been deployed, about whom, and for what ends. The word “syncretism” has been used to reconcile opposing factions, neutrally describe religious mixture, and disparage religious mixture. In Christian circles, the term’s pejorative turn came only recently, in the early twentieth century. This shift relates to wider fears among Christians during this period as Christianity spread in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. These fears relate to two key themes, revelation and race.

The Seavoyage Controversy and the Kayasthas of North India, 1901—1909

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
North India ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ancient Texts

Seavoyage was a social reform issue of some concern to the Hindus of Upper India in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century. Clearly there were compelling incentives for seavoyage; equally clearly there was a convention which prohibited such travel in the belief that it contravened the law laid down in ancient texts. But social conflict is seldom as one-dimensional as these statements imply.

Listening and Responding to the Evidence of Early Twentieth-Century Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (S1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leech-Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Musical Sounds ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTEarly recordings raise fundamental questions about our response to music. Why do these performances seem so strange to us? How could they ever have made musical sense to listeners? How might we make sense of them now, in our very different music-cultural environment? This paper looks at some of the ways in which musical sounds model other processes involving change over time. A mechanism is proposed that may underlie the cross-domain mappings generating musical meaning. Music is seen to be exceptionally adaptable to the modelling of other experiences, able to offer many potential likenesses, among which those with most relevance to what an individual brain already knows and believes are favoured by conscious perception. Performance and perception styles change over time as certain kinds of potential meaning are selected for their relevance to other aspects of contemporary experience. The model helps to explain how subjectivity is constructed and how it changes.

Representing Anglophone culture in China

Babel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-141
Author(s):  
Mingming Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Peter Pan ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Foreignizing Translation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using three Chinese translations of Peter Pan completed at different times in history, this paper discusses how the spread of the Anglophone culture in China influenced the representation of Anglophone culture in translations. The paper provides an overview of different types of culture-bound elements identified in Peter Pan, illustrating the different translation strategies adopted to treat these elements. The analysis focuses on the influence of the changing sociocultural context in China, exploring how the spread of Anglophone culture in China over time is reflected in the translation of culture-bound elements. As the penetration of the Anglophone culture into China became more profound from the early twentieth century to the early twenty-first century, the source culture became better preserved, providing readers with a culturally rich target text with foreignizing translation strategies.

Status Attainment among Emancipated Slaves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ruef
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Black Migration ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes the legacy of slavery for status attainment among the first generation of blacks who were liberated from this institution. Its quantitative findings suggest that categorical uncertainty became more pronounced over time: while the internal hierarchy of slavery clearly predicted the occupations that emancipated blacks would hold after the Civil War, it became largely decoupled from status attainment in the succeeding decades. Mediating effects, such as the Freedmen Bureau's educational interventions and black migration, also served to curtail the reproduction of antebellum status. By the early twentieth century, the most durable predictor of the kinds of jobs that were available to blacks who had been born in the antebellum South was the legal distinction between those who were free and those who were slaves before 1865.

From Mecca to Cairo: Changing Influences on Fatwas in Southeast Asia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Shiozaki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Complete Transformation ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Muslim Scholars

This chapter demonstrates how exposure to al Azhar led over time to the complete transformation of the methodology adopted by independent ulama and state religious platforms to issue fatwas in Southeast Asia. It examines the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology — inspired by the work of Muhammad Abduh — in place of the taqlīd of the traditional Shafi'i School in Southeast Asia for the issuing of fatwas. A number of factors, including the establishment of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, led to a shift to al Azhar as opposed to Mecca being the base for Southeast Asian Muslim scholars. By comparing Southeast Asia fatwas of the early twentieth century against those issued in the 1970s, the chapter shows how the transition from Mecca to Cairo led to the mainstreaming of Salafi methodology.

Keeping Hannah

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-98
Author(s):  
Bethany Montagano
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Memory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Over Time

This paper is about Hannah, touted by early twentieth century tourists as America’s last black slave held by the Florida Seminoles until 1921. Symptomatic of a tendency to privilege racial caricatures over cultural complexities, these tourists overlooked key cultural nuances that complicated her servility. This paper restores that complexity to light. In tracing the shifts of Hannah’s enslavement over time, this paper illuminates how she moved between various states and degrees of slavery. Reconstructing this dynamic experience we see how her life was built, culturally blended and bound to her enslavers. To truly remember Hannah is to look beyond race and embrace complexity in our public memory of slavery.

scholarly journals Crowds, police and provocations: Temporal patterns of rioting in Britain, 1800-1939

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Tiratelli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Over Time

This essay develops an original, temporal approach to the study of rioting. It uses a catalogue of 414 riots from nineteenth and early twentieth century Britain to trace some common developmental patterns, demonstrating that: (i) riots often begin with provocation, intervention by the police, or routines that license violence; (ii) riots are linked together by cycles of revenge and the feedback loop between action and identity; and (iii) the state’s monopoly of organised violence was often decisive in bringing riots to an end. These findings reveal significant limits to the explanatory power of two widely used concepts in this area: triggers and identity. More interestingly, they show that this power varies meaningfully over time. I therefore end by calling for a properly historicised theory of rioting and drawing attention to two key sites of historical change: the norms and traditions which govern public violence, and the state’s monopoly of force.

A Study in Repetition and Revival

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-231
Author(s):  
Jan-Melissa Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Christian Worship ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Established Church ◽  
Christian Tragedy

This chapter offers close readings of a series of nineteenth- and early twentieth-century play-scripts about the murder of Thomas à Becket in Canterbury Cathedral in 1170, including works by Douglas Jerrold, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, Alfred Tennyson, and T. S. Eliot. Tracing their performance over 100 years involves the exploration of changing attitudes to the performance of Christian worship and sacrifice on stage and, more broadly, the changing status of the Established Church itself. In the repetitions and variations of Becket’s narrative deployed over time, we can chart changes in the idea of Christian tragedy, renewed appreciation of the communal significance of religious ritual, especially in the revival of the classical chorus, and a growing sense that sacred drama was not just an aberration to be carefully policed and perhaps suppressed, but part of the living fabric of English national drama with a performative future as well as a past.

From Moral Exemplar to National Hero: The transformations of Trần Hưng Đạo and the emergence of Vietnamese nationalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1963-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIAM C. KELLEY
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Moral Exemplar ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Over Time

AbstractTrần Hưng Đạo (1228–1300), the Vietnamese general who led troops to hold off Mongol invasions in the thirteenth century, is honoured across Vietnam today as a hero of the nation (anh hùng dân tộc). This ubiquitous representation has, however, come about only recently, having been crafted in the twentieth century. Prior to that time, Trần Hưng Đạo was honoured in other ways. This article will examine precisely how it is that Trần Hưng Đạo was represented and remembered in various works—from official histories to spirit writing texts—between the fifteenth and twentieth centuries. It will trace the transformations in these representations over time and argue that it was only in the early twentieth century that Trần Hưng Đạo began to be represented as a national hero. In its coverage of the transformations in Trần Hưng Đạo's representation, this article will demonstrate how modern nationalist ideas emerged in Vietnam in the early twentieth century.

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