The Treasured Five Move into the Later Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Louis E. Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Intellectual Movements ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter examines the Panj Piare story in the works of Giani Gian Singh, specifically Panth Prakash (1880) and Tavarikh Guru Khalsa (1892–1921), and it situates this examination in the context of Gian Singh’s historical environment. This study of the Panj Piare narrative in these texts provides us with insight into the messages that Gian Singh was encoding throughout his prolific career, messages that were very much aligned with the trajectory that was plotted by the Sikh intellectual movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Singh Sabha and the Tat Khalsa.

Labor Violence in Russia in the Late Nineteenth Century

Slavic Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Brower
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Labor Violence ◽  
Insight Into

Protest action accompanied by violence was widespread among Russian factory workers during the late nineteenth century. The phenomenon was noted by tsarist officials and radicals alike, but historians since then have paid little attention to the problem. This neglect has contributed to a distorted picture of the working-class movement and of the relations between Russian workers and factory and state authorities. In recent years it has become a truism to affirm that collective violence constitutes evidence of profound social stress. It is also true that the form and character of the violence in certain historical circumstances provide unique insight into the attitudes and expectations of groups, such as factory workers, otherwise unable to express their views. The violent actions of Russian workers are particularly important to an understanding of the origins of the revolutionary movement among the workers in the early twentieth century. What form did these actions take? Who were the participants, and what goals did they seek to attain? How did the incidence and nature of the actions change over the last decades of the century? Although the evidence is not abundant, answers to these questions suggest that collective violence played an important part in the working-class movement in the late nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Intermediary Elites in the Treaty Port World: Tong Mow-chee and His Collaborators in Shanghai, 1873–1897

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAORI ABE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political World ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
Treaty Port ◽  
British Firm ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article examines the functions of Chinese and foreign intermediary elites in the commercial and political world of Shanghai, an international city in the nineteenth century mainly consisting of British, American, European and Chinese residents. Specifically, it focuses on the formation of the socio-economic network of Tong Mow-chee (Tang Maozhi 唐茂枝) (1828–1897), a well-known Chinese comprador-merchant serving the British firm Jardine Matheson & Co. and other anglophone and Chinese figures, including William Venn Drummond and Tong King-sing who supported Mow-chee's commercial and political activities. My research mainly draws on English and Chinese sources and enables a deeper understanding of the unofficial figures who contributed to the management of the international society of Shanghai in the late nineteenth century, offering new insight into social roles of the middlemen operating in an area of Britain's informal empire in China.

The Career of Clarence King

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
D. Tarbell ◽  
Ann Tarbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Clarence King ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The U.S

As the first director of the U.S. Geological Survey Clarence King had significant influence on the development of American geology. From his first professional work, in 1863, until he died, in 1901, King was a leading figure within the American geological community. Although he was always interested in geology, King's career reflects personal concerns that had little, if anything, to do with science. Some of these personal factors and personal values can be identified. Examining them provides insight into the complexity of scientific careers in the late nineteenth century.

Gazing on the Past (and Being Photobombed by Children)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Crawford ◽  
Katharina Ulmschneider
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Many ◽  
Insight Into

Archaeologists often ignore the presence of children as a contributing factor in the archaeological record. However, recent analysis of a number of glass plate and film photographs taken by archaeologists at the end of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century shows that children were often incorporated into the photograph, either deliberately or inadvertently. These images provide not just a record of ancient sites and monuments, but also of the many local children who appear in the photographs. The children recorded by archaeologists offer an insight into children, their childhoods, their freedoms, and their place in society across a range of cultures in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, as well as raising questions about how archaeologists ‘saw’ the human subject in photographs where monuments and sites were the object.

A literary exploration of British cultural attitudes to psychiatry during the late 1800s and their development over the following century

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S578-S578
Author(s):  
A. Pittock
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Insight Into

IntroductionBritish psychiatry was in its embryonic stage in the late nineteenth century. Early psychiatrists employed radical treatments with little success and not much is documented about public attitudes. Using fictional depictions of madness and physicians allows us to explore cultural attitudes to psychiatry at the time.ObjectivesFirst, to analyze the portrayal of madness and physicians in the island of Dr. Moreau and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; second, to use this to provide insight into the public opinion of psychiatry and third, to evaluate the development of attitudes using twentieth century media.AimTo provide an insight into the social perspective of mental illness in the late nineteenth century and consider its evolution over the last one hundred years.MethodsTwo famous, well-received novels of the time were chosen for analysis. Historical knowledge of the period was sought using JSTOR, NHS Scotland's The Knowledge Network and Google Scholar. Novels and media depictions were analysed in relation to the scientific understanding at the time.ResultsThe novels show two ways of control: surgical (Moreau) and chemical (Jekyll). Both are unsuccessful, as were physician's attempts in reality. The narrators’ concerns mirror the cultural anxiety at the time surrounding containment and treatment of mental illness. Media portrayal of cruel, unsuccessful treatment continues throughout the twentieth century.ConclusionsNineteenth century cultural attitudes to mental illness show a distinct anxiety and concern with barbaric treatments and their inefficacy. Despite psychiatric progress, the media have continued to portray mental illness and its treatment in a negative light, suggesting continued levels of societal concern.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals The Creation of a Latin American Catholic Church: Vatican Authority and Political Imagination, 1854–1899

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-336
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO JAVIER RAMÓN SOLANS
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
American Catholic ◽  
American Catholic Church ◽  
Insight Into

The principal aim of this article is to analyse the rise of a Latin American Catholic identity during the mid- to late nineteenth century. It examines the institutionalisation of this collective project via the foundation of the Latin American College in Rome in 1858 and the initiatives that led to the Latin American Plenary Council in 1899. This article also explores how this collective religious identity was imagined and how its limits were drawn. In doing so a new insight into how religions contributed to the imagining and defining of geographical spaces is offered.

scholarly journals ‘Praise the Lord! We are a Musical Nation’: The Welsh Working Classes and Religious Singing

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-472
Author(s):  
Helen Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Congregational Singing ◽  
Massive Scale ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Hymn Singing ◽  
Insight Into

The title quotation from Under Milk Wood encapsulates a widely held belief in the innate musicality of the Welsh and its religious roots. These roots were put down deeply during the nineteenth century, in a huge expansion of choral and congregational singing across Wales and particularly in the industrial communities. This development has been described as ‘a democratic popular choral culture rooted in the lives of ordinary people’, and central to it was the cymanfa ganu, the mass hymn-singing festival. Choral and congregational singing, typified by the cymanfa ganu, underpinned the perception of Wales by the Welsh and by many non-Welsh people as ‘the land of song’.Alongside this phenomenon ran the tradition of the plygain, a Welsh Christmas carol service. While the cymanfa developed in nonconformist chapels in the mid to late nineteenth century, and on a large – often massive – scale, the plygain is a tradition dating from a period much further back, when Welsh Christianity was Catholic; it belonged to agricultural workers rather than the industrial communities; and the singers sang in much smaller groups – often just twos or threes.This article describes the nature and origins of these contrasting traditions, and looks at the responses of listeners both Welsh and non-Welsh, and the extent to which they perceived these practices as expressive of a peculiarly Welsh identity. It also considers some of the problems of gathering evidence of working-class responses, and how far the sources give an insight into working-class listening experiences.

Britain and American Railway Promoters In Late Nineteenth Century Persia

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-262
Author(s):  
John S. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Weak State ◽  
New Era ◽  
Karun River ◽  
The North ◽  
Informal Empire ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Insight Into

Within the last generation there has been a vast outpouring of scholarship on the characteristics of British imperial policy in the latter half of the nineteenth century. The older orthodoxy that the mid-Victorian years were dominated by a commitment to laissez faire and free trade has been demolished. In the new era scholars quarrel over how “imperial” was “informal empire.” This article is not intended to add to this controversy, but rather to provide insight into the character of British policy in one area, Persia, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, with particular emphasis on American efforts to build railways and British responses to this attempted intrusion into an exclusive British-Russian sphere of influence.For both Russia and Britain Persia had great strategic significance. Like Afghanistan, “the walls of the Indian garden,” Persia was important primarily in relation to the defense of the Indian Empire. Russian expansion to the borders of Persia, a weak state, posed the threat that the country would fall under Russian influence and what had been a buffer would become a menace.British interest in Persia thus involved a strong strategic component which affected economic policy. Unlike Afghanistan it was seen as a promising market for British goods, particularly if transportation to the interior of Persia could be opened up on the Karun River and if British capital could be attracted to build a network of railways which could be a further basis for controlling the Persian economy and thus contributing to British influence at the Persian court. At the same time Britain was determined to thwart Russian plans for railways in the north which could be used to transport troops to the borders of Persia and eventually beyond. Each power assumed the malevolent intent of the other and each was determined to frustrate these foul plans.

scholarly journals An Old English Love Poem, a Beowulf Summary and a Recommendation Letter from Eduard Sievers: G. J. P. J. Bolland (1854–1922) as an Aspiring Old Germanicist

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 262-291
Author(s):  
Thijs Porck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Old English ◽  
Academic Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Love Poem ◽  
Germanic Languages ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article calls attention to documents relating to the early academic life of G. J. P. J. Bolland (1854–1922). During the late 1870s and early 1880s, Bolland was enthralled by the study of Old Germanic languages and Old English in particular. His endeavours soon caught the eye of Pieter Jacob Cosijn (1840–1899), Professor of Germanic Philology and Anglo-Saxon at Leiden University, who helped the Groningen-born student to further his studies. During his stays in London and Jena, Bolland communicated with prominent scholars, including Henry Sweet, Richard Morris and Eduard Sievers. Bolland’s annotated books, hand-written notes and scholarly correspondence provide a unique insight into academic life and student-professor relationships during the late nineteenth century. In addition, Bolland produced an Old English love poem and aBeowulfsummary that are published here for the first time.

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