Forum Non Conveniens in the Fourth Restatement
This chapter analyzes the approach taken by the Fourth Restatement of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States to the forum non conveniens doctrine in light of the doctrine’s history and present usage. The Fourth Restatement states succinctly the forum non conveniens doctrine: A U.S. federal court “may dismiss a case if: (a) there is an available and adequate alternative forum; and (b) despite the deference owed to the plaintiff’s choice of forum, the balance of public and private interests favors dismissal.” The Fourth Restatement next details in the comments various intricacies of the doctrine and proposes rules derived from U.S. federal court decisions with the hope of constraining judicial discretion in applying the main rule. These rules illustrate that the Fourth Restatement treats the forum non conveniens doctrine as a doctrine of law, as opposed to one of judicial discretion. In so doing, the Fourth Restatement formulates clear rules for U.S. federal courts to apply in resolving a forum non conveniens motion. This chapter considers Supreme Court decisions developing the doctrine to set the stage for assessing the Fourth Restatement’s approach and explores the doctrine as it has developed through various restatement projects, including the Fourth Restatement. The chapter concludes by examining the role of party interests in the forum non conveniens analysis and explores tensions in the doctrine that should be accounted for by U.S. federal courts and in future restatement projects.