The Last King

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-146
Author(s):  
Ariane M. Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Internal Security

This chapter looks at the life of the last king to rule over Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and his security thinking. The chapter surveys key reforms undertaken in this period, particularly those pertaining to national and internal security and military affairs. The chapter also discusses the 1953 coup and the emerging forces opposing the Shah and his reforms, as well as how the Shah shaped Iran’s current security thinking and policies.

The Lattimore case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Witch Hunt

Edith’s career and collaboration with Fritz Machlup at Johns Hopkins University flourished and she began work on the growth of the firm, and studied the Hercules Powder Company. As Cold War tensions increased during the 1950s she and Penrose became involved in the defence of their friend and colleague Owen Lattimore who was named as the top Soviet spy by Senator McCarthy. The chapter covers the persecution of Lattimore, his trials, the role of Judge Luther Youngdahl, and the operation of his defence fund. Other friends of E. F. Penrose became victims of the anti-communist ‘witch hunt’, he grew increasingly disillusioned with the USA, and determined he must leave. In 1953 Edith and Penrose testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. They were also investigated by the FBI. After five years the case against Lattimore was dropped. Edith’s father died and her brother Harvey was killed in an air accident.

scholarly journals Hegemonic Distortions: The Securitisation of the Insurgency in Thailand's Deep South

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Nicole Jenne ◽  
Jun Yan Chang
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Islamist Terrorism ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractThe conflict between the Thai state and the Malay-Muslim insurgency in the country's Deep South is one of Southeast Asia's most persistent internal security challenges. The start of the current period of violence dates back to the early 2000s, and since then, a significant number of studies exploring the renewed escalation have been published. In this study, we argue that existing scholarship has not adequately accounted for the external environment in which political decisions were taken on how to deal with the southern insurgency. We seek to show how the internationally dominant, hegemonic security agenda of so-called non-traditional security (NTS) influenced the Thai government's approach to the conflict. Building upon the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory, we show how the insurgency became securitised under the dominant NTS narrative, leading to the adoption of harsh measures and alienating discourses that triggered the escalation of violence that continues today. The specific NTS frameworks that ‘distorted’ the Thai state's approach of one that had been informed solely by local facts and conditions were those of anti-narcotics and Islamist terrorism, albeit in different ways. Based on the findings from the case study, the article concludes with a reflection on the role of the hegemonic NTS agenda and its implications for Southeast Asian politics and scholarship.

Colonial Origins of Maoist Insurgency in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2232-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaji Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Indirect Rule

What are the long-term effects of colonial institutions on insurgency? My article shows the historical origins of insurgency by addressing the puzzle of why the persistent Maoist insurgency, considered to be India’s biggest internal security threat, affects some districts along the central eastern corridor of India but not others. Combining archival and interview data from fieldwork in Maoist zones with an original district-level quantitative data set, I demonstrate that different types of British colonial indirect rule set up the structural conditions of ethnic inequality and state weakness that facilitate emergence of Maoist control. I address the issue of selection bias, by developing a new instrument for the British choice of indirect rule through princely states, based on the exogenous effect of wars in Europe on British decisions in India. This article reconceptualizes colonial indirect rule and also presents new data on rebel control and precolonial rebellions.

Yugoslavia's National Minorities Under Communism

Slavic Review ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Shoup
Keyword(s):  
Internal Security ◽  
National Minorities

The Yugoslav nationalities question has always been a source of fascination for Western scholars. Inevitably, discussion has centered on the differences between the major Slav nationalities—the Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, and Montenegrins. Less attention has been paid to the problem of the national minorities, although this issue has bedeviled the Yugoslav state since its formation in 1918. Minorities make up approximately a fifth of the Yugoslav population. In times of peace they have been the object of discrimination and exploitation. In times of crisis, the minorities have been the greatest single threat to the internal security of the Yugoslav state.Over the years since 1918, four nationalities have proven particularly troublesome for the Yugoslavs: the Albanians, Hungarians, Germans, and Italians. The majority of the Albanians live in the autonomous oblast of Kosovo-Metohija (Kosmet) and are Moslem, belonging to the northern, Gheg, Albanian clan.

nr="309"Innere Sicherheit, Sprache und Biographie. : Eine biographietheoretische Perspektive auf einen komplexen Zusammenhang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-325
Author(s):  
Nadja Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Innere Sicherheit

Zusammenfassung Im Kontext der zunehmenden Versicherheitlichung von Migration, deren Bedeutung auch für sprachliche Bildung im Kontext nationaler und globaler Sicherheitsagenden diskutiert wird, werden bestimmte Gruppen von Migrant*innen als Sicherheitsbedrohung konstruiert. Die Instrumentalisierung von Sprache für Identitätspolitik, die im Konzept von Sprache als ,Schlüssel zur Integration‘ besonders deutlich wird und unter Rückgriff auf Sprachideologien erklärt werden kann, bleibt nicht ohne Folgen für Angehörige minorisierter Gruppen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was ,innere Sicherheit‘ für Student*innen bedeutet, denen zugeschrieben wird, keine ,native speaker‘ zu sein. Den Bezugspunkt der ,inneren Sicherheit‘ bildet dabei nicht der Nationalstaat, sondern das Subjekt. Aus einer biographieanalytischen Perspektive wird rekonstruiert, mit welchen (Un-)Sicherheitsdimensionen die Subjekte an der Universität und in Hinblick auf ihre beruflichen Pläne konfrontiert sind, wie Sicherheit und Sprache biographisch eingebettet sind und welche Strategien und Wege die Student*innen (nicht) nutzen (können), um ihre Sicherheitsspielräume zu erweitern.Abstract: In light of the increasing securitization of migration, language education is discussed as part of national and global security agendas, and certain groups of migrants have been constructed as a security threat. The instrumentalization of language for identity politics is particularly evident in the concept of language as a ‘key to integration’ and can be explained with language ideologies. These ideologies are not without consequences for members of minoritized groups. The article at hand explores the meaning of ‘internal security’ for university students who are not considered ‘native speakers’. The reference point of ‘internal security’ is not the nation state, but the subject. From a biographical-analytical perspective, the article reconstructs dimensions of security and insecurity which the subjects confront at university with regard to their professional aims. It will explore how the connection between security and language is embedded in their biographies, as well as the strategies and pathways students can and cannot use to expand their security scope.

HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE «TERRORISM» CONCEPT FORMATION UNDER THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
International Community ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Definition Of

В статье освещен вопрос, связанный с эволюцией понятия терроризма по законодательству России. Актуальность темы определяется, прежде всего, тем, что проявление терроризма представляет собой серьезную угрозу международной и внутренней безопасности каждого отдельного государства, всего международного сообщества в целом. В результате проведенного теоретического анализа отечественного законодательства об ответственности за совершение преступлений террористического характера автором выделено пять исторических этапов (периодов) его становления, представлена их характеристика. В заключение делается вывод о существовании на современном этапе проблемы выработки определения сложного и многогранного понятия «терроризм». Законодательная дефиниция «терроризм» должна быть принципиально полной, содержать характеризующие специфические признаки, соответствующие современным способам его проявлений. Полагаем, что современная дефиниция, изложенная в п. 1 ст. 3 Федерального закона «О противодействии терроризму», пока не идеальна и продолжает требовать к себе внимания со стороны исследователей и законодателя с целью корректировки терминологии. The issue related to the evolution of the concept of terrorism under Russian legislation is examined in the article The relevance of the topic is determined, first of all, by the fact that the manifestation of terrorism is a serious threat to the international and internal security of each individual state, the entire international community as a whole. As a result of the theoretical analysis of domestic legislation on responsibility for crimes of a terrorist nature, the author has identified five historical stages (periods) of its formation, and presented their characteristics. In conclusion, a conclusion is made about the existence at the present stage of the problem of developing a definition of the complex and multifaceted concept of «terrorism». The definition of terrorism should be fundamentally complete, include characterizing specific features characteristic of modern ways of its manifestations. We believe that the modern definition set forth in paragraph 1 of Art. 3 of the Federal Law «On Countering Terrorism» is not ideal yet and continues to require attention from researchers and legislators in order to correct the terminology.

Polish Approach to Sharing Resources Deployable for the EU Civil Protection Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zwęgliński
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
International System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
European Dimension ◽  
The Eu

Poles are highly aware of the fact that Polish civil protection assets are being deployed abroad in order to assist other disaster- and crisis-stricken countries around the world. Such a type of urgent assistance provided from one country to another in an emergency response situation is regulated and organised by the European Union. Poland, as a state participating in the EU international system, is very active in sharing its civil protection assets, such as in the Beirut explosion case in Lebanon (2020), and during forest fires in Sweden (2018). Using its civil protection resources to assist other countries poses a question on the potential influence of such activities on the homeland’s internal security. Solving the problem has to be preceded by answering the following question — How is the process of international civil protection deployment organised in Poland? Responding to this question required utilising such methods as a review and analysis of literature sources on the European dimension of civil protection, EU legal regulations, statistics, reports as well as Polish standard operating procedures and internal regulations on the national level and was the key method applied in the research. Furthermore, semi-formal interviews with Polish and EU experts were done. The findings prove that operational planning in the researched area is well organised, which significantly diminishes the identified risk for internal security.

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