Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Shaver

This is the first of three chapters exploring motifs based on spatial imagery. It argues that much Christian language about eucharistic presence is based on the primary metaphor CHANGE IS MOTION (and, to lesser extents, CHANGING IS BEING MADE and CHANGING IS BEING BORN). Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions rely heavily on change imagery, while Lutheran and Reformed traditions have been cautious about its use partly because of an insistence that the eucharistic elements remain bread and wine. The chapter argues that the change motif should form part of a multiply metaphorical ecumenical theology of eucharistic presence and that there are resources in Lutheran and Reformed traditions that can facilitate its acceptance. It also argues that high-sacramental traditions in turn should be willing to affirm that the consecrated elements are bread and wine—though not ordinary bread and wine.

2021 ◽  
pp. 206-226
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Shaver

The second of three chapters exploring spatial imagery, Chapter 8 explores the motif of containment—the idea that Christ’s body and blood are “in” or “under” the bread and wine. The CONTAINER image schema has two significant entailments for eucharistic presence: transitivity (if A is in B and B is in C, A is in C) and concealment (something inside an opaque container cannot be seen). Transitivity enables Christians who take the eucharistic elements into their bodies to understand Jesus in turn to be inside them. Concealment facilitates reflection on the fact that the body and blood of Christ are not accessible to the senses. Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions make significant use of containment imagery; Reformed and Eastern Orthodox traditions have been reticent but have been willing to use it on occasion. The chapter also gives specific attention to transubstantiation as a special combination of change and containment motifs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082098882
Author(s):  
Carter Rees ◽  
L Thomas Winfree

Intra-national conflicts with racial or ethnic elements can complicate post-war reconciliation. From 1992 to 1995, much of the former Yugoslavia, a nation largely drawn from three distinct ethnic groups, was embroiled in such a conflict. After the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord, it was feared that schools would become a surrogate battlefield for school-aged children within the newly created nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Group threat theory and the imbalance of power thesis provide differing views on such conflicts. Group threat theory posits that as a population – in this case a school – approaches maximum ethnic diversity, the residents – in this case the students – will feel increasingly threatened, resulting in higher cross-group victimizations. The imbalance of power thesis suggests that a group’s decision to victimize another group depends on the relative lack of ethnic diversity: The extent to which one ethnic group dominates a school, the likelihood of victimization of any smaller groups increases. We explore which of these two theories best explains victimization levels within a sample of 2003 school-aged BiH adolescents born in areas dominated by Muslim Bosnians, Eastern Orthodox Serbians, or Roman Catholic Croatians. We find that there is an ethnic component to victimizations: students born in Serbia face higher levels of victimization than do their Bosnian-born counterparts under conditions that fit better with group threat theory than the imbalance of power thesis. We speculate about the significance of these findings for national ethnic harmony in BiH.


2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-441
Author(s):  
Miroljub Jevtic

The majority of the Christian world today is affected by weakening adherence to principles of religious practice. The reverse is the case in the countries of predominantly Orthodox tradition. After the collapse of communism, all types of human freedom were revived, including the religious one. The consequence is the revival of the Orthodox Christianity. It is reflected in the influence of the Orthodox Church on the society. Today, the most respected institutions in Russia and Serbia are the Russian and Serbian Orthodox Church, respectively. Considering the decline of the Western Christianity, the revival of the Orthodox Church has raised hopes that the Western Christianity can be revived, too. Important Christian denominations, therefore, show great interest in including the Orthodox Church in the general Christian project. It is particularly evident in the Roman Catholic Church foreign policy. The Roman Catholic Church is attempting to restore relations with Orthodox churches. In this sense, the most important churches are the Russian and the Serbian Church. But, establishing relations with these two is for Vatican both a great challenge and a project of great significance.


Author(s):  
Samir Simaika ◽  
Nevine Henein

This chapter discusses Marcus Simaika's involvement in the dispute between the Copts and Ethiopians regarding what is known as Deir al-Sultan or the Imperial Monastery in Jerusalem. Ethiopia has long been acquainted with monotheism, and the Ethiopian Church is the largest of all the Oriental Orthodox churches. The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria has a longstanding relationship with the Ethiopian Orthodox Tawahedo Church and the Eritrean Orthodox Tawahedo Church. Tawahedo means 'unified,' referring to the single unified nature of Christ, as opposed to the belief in the two natures of Christ held by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. The patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and many others had refused to accept the two-natures doctrine decreed by the Council of Chalcedon in 451, and these churches are sometimes referred to as monophysite. Simaika maintained that Deir al-Sultan belonged to the Coptic community from time immemorial.


Author(s):  
Linda Woodhead

What is meant by ‘Church Christianity’ and ‘Biblical Christianity’ and where do they come from? ‘Church and Biblical Christianity’ explains that ‘Church Christianity’ is centred around the institution of the church, whereas for ‘Biblical Christianity’ the scriptures have the equivalent position of authority. Both the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox branches belong to Church Christianity and are the most enduring and extensive types of Christianity having been in existence since the 3rd century. Biblical Christianity can trace its roots to the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century when the Bible became widely accessible. Its sectarian nature and desire to shelter from wider society in order to retain Godly purity limited its growth.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-181
Author(s):  
Branko Bjelajac

SummaryThis book contains a large collection of papers which report on missional activities in Central and Eastern Europe, especially on initiatives based in local churches and oriented towards society. It looks across denominational lines, from Eastern Orthodox to Roman Catholic, Protestant and various neo-Protestant churches. This is a very stimulating volume which discusses a much-neglected area in Europe from the perspective of missionary practice, presenting old and new forms of mission, as well as ways forward. It is one of the few publications that addresses aspects of mission in this part of Europe, and presents valuable reading for mission agencies, seminaries and churches.The book contains contributions by more than thirty authors and has sections on reasons for mission; the Orthodox and mission; the Catholics and mission; ecumenical mission; mission in Romania; immigrants, churches, dialogue; theological education as mission; and dialogue, public sphere and mission.RésuméCet ouvrage contient un ensemble de nombreux essais relatant l’activité missionnelle en Europe centrale et en Europe de l’Est, et faisant état plus particulièrement d’initiatives à partir d’Églises locales et orientées vers la société. Il considère ce qui se fait dans des dénominations très diverses, allant des Églises orientales orthodoxes aux communautés catholiques romaines en passant par les Églises protestantes et néo-protestantes. L’ouvrage est très stimulant et aborde un domaine très négligé en Europe sous l’angle de la pratique missionnaire, en présentant des formes anciennes et nouvelles d’activité missionnaire et en proposant des pistes pour l’avenir. C’est l’une des rares publications traitant des aspects de l’entreprise missionnaire en Europe, et son apport est utile pour les sociétés missionnaires, les facultés de théologie et les Églises.Plus de trente auteurs ont contribué à cet ouvrage qui comporte des sections sur : les raisons de l’oeuvre missionnaire, les chrétiens orthodoxes et la mission, les catholiques et la mission, la mission oecuménique, la mission en Roumanie, les Églises et les immigrés, l’aspect missionnaire de la formation théologique, la mission et l’espace public.ZusammenfassungDieses Buch enthält eine umfangreiche Sammlung von Vorträgen über Missionsaktivitäten in Zentralund Osteuropa, die vor allem auf die Initiativen von Ortsgemeinden zurückgehen und auf die Gesellschaft abzielen. Es weitet den Horizont über die Grenzen von Denominationen hinaus, von den orthodoxen Kirchen Osteuropas bis zur römisch-katholischen Kirche, zu den protestantischen Kirchen und den neoprotestantischen Freikirchen. Dieser ausnehmend inspirierende Band erörtert einen in Europa sehr vernachlässigten Bereich aus der Perspektive missionarischer Praxis; er behandelt traditionelle und neuere Formen von Mission sowie mögliche Wege in die Zukunft. Dabei handelt es sich um eine von wenigen Veröffentlichungen, die sich mit Aspekten von Mission in diesem Teil Europas befassen und wertvollen Lesestoff für Missionsgesellschaften, Ausbildungsstätten und Gemeinden bieten.Das Werk enthält Beiträge von mehr als dreißig Autoren und Abschnitte über Motive und Ziele von Mission, Orthodoxe und Mission, Katholiken und Mission sowie über ökumenische Mission; es befasst sich mit Mission in Rumänien, Immigranten, Gemeinden und Dialog; es reflektiert über theologische Ausbildung als Mission und über Dialog, den öffentlichen Raum und Mission.


Slavic Review ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
Joseph O. Baylen

During the Eastern Crisis of 1876-78, and the years preceding the victory of W. E. Gladstone and the British Liberal party in the Midlothian general election in April 1880, the renowned Slavophile and Croatian patriot Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Roman Catholic bishop of Diakovo, attempted with some success directly and indirectly to enlist Gladstone's support for South Slav nationalist aspirations. Bishop Strossmayer was an ardent advocate of the liberation of the South Slavs from Austrian, Magyar, and Turkish rule, a vocal partisan of South Slav unity, and, at times, a thorn in the side of the Vatican. As the long-time bishop of a large diocese which embraced Slavonia and parts of Bosnia and Serbia, he labored for over fifty years to advance the national traditions and culture of the South Slavs and to promote an awareness among the South Slavs of their common ethnic and cultural origins. Strossmayer achieved notoriety and won the close friendship of Lord Acton and Dr. Johann von Dollinger by his opposition to the Dogma of Papal Infallibility in the Vatican Council of 1869-70 and attracted the attention of Gladstone and many Anglican clerics by his efforts to effect the reconciliation and reunion of the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He was also interested in promoting the union of the Western and Eastern churches as a device to remove the religious rivalry which hindered the unification of the South Slavs and persevered in his endeavors to facilitate spiritual unity among the Balkan Slavs, even though these efforts alienated many of the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic clergy.


2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 279-290
Author(s):  
Jerzy Uścinowicz

Poland is situated in the area of cultural and religious borderland, in the sphere of Latin and Greek-Slavonic influence. The Author reviews the past and present examples of the exchange of values in the Christian Churches, i.e. the Eastern (Orthodox and Uniate) and the Western (Roman Catholic and Protestant). They are portrayed through mutual conversion of temples, incorporation of traditional orthodox iconography in contemporary Roman Catholic churches as well as by adaptation of historic temples for their mutual ecumenical use. The values give testimony to the synthesis of art of both Christian Churches as well as to the return to their ecclesial unity. Santrauka Poland is situated in the area of cultural and religious borderland, in the sphere of Latin and Greek-Slavonic influence. The Author reviews the past and present examples of the exchange of values in the Christian Churches, i.e. the Eastern (Orthodox and Uniate) and the Western (Roman Catholic and Protestant). They are portrayed through mutual conversion of temples, incorporation of traditional orthodox iconography in contemporary Roman Catholic churches as well as by adaptation of historic temples for their mutual ecumenical use. The values give testimony to the synthesis of art of both Christian Churches as well as to the return to their ecclesial unity.


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