scholarly journals Getting Your Data Into SSDforR

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Charles Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Client Data ◽  
Research Situation

This chapter covers how to measure target behaviors and use common software to record and edit client data. Readers are then shown how to import data into R and use the SSD for R functions to analyze their data. The first part of this chapter focuses on the type of data that is most appropriate to record and some common issues related to collecting these. Four different types of measurement are covered, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses. These include direct behavioral observations, standardized scales, individual rating scales, and logs. When selecting one or more methods of measuring a target behavior, readers will want to consider the specific needs of their clients, the identified problem, and the practice or research situation. The second part of this chapter demonstrates how to use Excel or other spreadsheet programs to quickly and effectively record this data.

Neuropsychological assessment in older people: old principles and new directions

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin G. Morris ◽  
Claire Worsley ◽  
David Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Older People ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Clinical Practice

Neuropsychological assessment, in the broader sense, is common clinical practice with older adults because of the widespread use of mental status examinations and dementia rating scales. In the more narrow sense, a neuropsychological assessment conducted by a clinical psychologist or clinical neuropsychologist is used less frequently and for more specific purposes. This paper outlines these uses and provides a brief overview of the different types of test that might be used, with a clinical example to illustrate the type of information gained. This review is designed not to be comprehensive, but to provide a pointer towards the latest trends in test development.

Monitoring phoneme acquisition for making treatment withdrawal decisions

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley B. Olswang ◽  
Barbara A. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Withdrawal ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Withdrawing Treatment ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Target Behavior ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Similar Phoneme ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Monitoring Progress

ABSTRACTThis study examined phoneme acquisition in three phonologically impaired children to determine whether treatment needed to be provided continually until correct productions were consistently observed during conversation. This was done by examining the effects of withdrawing treatment on several target phonemes at predetermined performance levels. In addition, production of the target behaviors in untrained single words versus connected speech was compared as measures for monitoring progress during the phoneme acquisition process. Both ABA(B) and multiple baseline time series designs were employed. The results indicated two general patterns of phoneme acquisition. In one, the children continued to progress in phoneme acquisition, even though direct treatment on the target behavior had been withdrawn relatively early in the acquisition process. In the other, the children failed to continue their progress in phoneme acquisition when treatment was withdrawn, requiring the reintroduction of treatment until high levels of correct production were maintained over several weeks. In all cases, production of the target behavior in untrained single words and connected speech reflected a similar phoneme acquisition trend.

scholarly journals Catatonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Key Aspects

Catatonia is an important phenomenon in both psychiatry and general medicine. This article provides an overview of the key aspects of catatonia, including clinical features, differential diagnoses, management and prognosis. The different types of catatonia, the position of catatonia in the psychiatric classificatory systems, use of catatonia rating scales and the association between catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are also covered. Abnormalities that have been hypothesised as being possible underlying mechanisms in catatonia are highlighted. The article aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive update on the subject, with information derived from an extensive range of relevant references.

Exploring decision consistency and decision accuracy across rating designs in rater-mediated music performance assessments

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie A. Wind ◽  
Pey Shin Ooi ◽  
George Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Musical Performance ◽  
Musical Performances ◽  
Music Assessment ◽  
Adjustment Procedure ◽  
Decision Consistency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rater Severity

Music performance assessments frequently include panels of raters who evaluate the quality of musical performances using rating scales. As a result of practical considerations, it is often not possible to obtain ratings from every rater on every performance (i.e., complete rating designs). When there are differences in rater severity, and not all raters rate all performances, ratings of musical performances and their resulting classification (e.g., pass or fail) depend on the “luck of the rater draw.” In this study, we explored the implications of different types of incomplete rating designs for the classification of musical performances in rater-mediated musical performance assessments. We present a procedure that researchers and practitioners can use to adjust student scores for differences in rater severity when incomplete rating designs are used, and we consider the effects of the adjustment procedure across different types of rating designs. Our results suggested that differences in rater severity have large practical consequences for ratings of musical performances that impact individual students and group of students differently. Furthermore, our findings suggest that it is possible to adjust musical performance ratings for differences in rater severity as long as there are common raters across scoring panels. We consider the implications of our findings as they relate to music assessment research and practice.

Differing “Creativities” in the Wit and the Clown

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Singer ◽  
Leonard Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Creative Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adaptive Regression

Two different types of creativity measures—Wallach and Kogan's measure of ideational/associational creativity, and Singer's adaptive regression scale—as well as sociometric rating scales and SAT scores were obtained from members of a college fraternity. As predicted from an analysis of the processes underlying witticism and clowning, “wits” were high on ideational creativity but not on adaptive regression and “clowns” were high on adaptive regression but not on ideational creativity. Ideational creativity, adaptive regression, and SAT scores were independent of one another. These results support the value of distinguishing among channels or dimensions of creative information processing and attempting to link these to creative behavior through task analyses.

Pacing in Serious Games: Exploring the Effects of Presentation Speed on Cognitive Load, Engagement and Learning Gains

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-279
Author(s):  
Dominik Petko ◽  
Regina Schmid ◽  
Andrea Cantieni
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
School Students ◽  
Optimal Speed ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Game Engagement

Background. To determine the optimal speed of computer-paced serious games, the interplay of cognitive load variables and game engagement variables can serve as combined criteria. Intervention. In order to test the effects of higher or lower game speeds on different types of cognitive load and engagement, the FRESH FOOD RUNNER game was developed, which teaches the harvest seasons of different fruits and vegetables. Method. In this study, N=58 6th grade primary school students are randomly assigned to play the serious game FRESH FOOD RUNNER at different speeds. Pre-and post-tests are used to assess learning gains, in combination with rating scales for different types of cognitive load and game engagement. Results. Results show that highest learning gains and lowest levels of extraneous cognitive load are prevalent at medium speed settings, which are neither too fast nor too slow. A similar pattern is apparent for student ratings of game engagement. Discussion and Conclusion. In consequence, learning gains, cognitive load and engagement variables can be regarded as suitable criteria to determine the optimal speed of serious games.

Same design, same response? Investigating natural designs in international logos

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Torres ◽  
Joana César Machado ◽  
Leonor Vacas de Carvalho ◽  
Michel van de Velden ◽  
Patrício Costa
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Logo Design ◽  
Cultural Orientations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Preferences

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the commonalities and asymmetries between consumer responses to different types of natural designs across countries. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered through a survey in three European countries ranking differently in what concerns Hofstede’s (1981) uncertainty avoidance dimension (UAD). Respondents can vary strongly in the way they interpret and use rating scales, exhibiting a variety of response styles. In the analysis of consumers’ preferences for logo design, this article apply constrained dual scaling (CDS) to account for response styles in categorical data. Findings Results demonstrate the broad appeal of natural logo designs, suggesting that design preferences are similar within countries with different cultural orientations. However, findings indicate that cultural dimensions influence how consumers respond to different types of natural logo designs. Indeed, the positive effects of organic designs are even more salient in countries with higher UAD. Thus, when managers prepare to launch their brands in countries that exhibit more discomfort with uncertainty, they should consider incorporating organic visual identity elements into their logos to achieve the maximum positive affect. Originality/value Companies invest extensive time, research and money in generating, promoting and modifying their logos. This paper provides important implications for international brand managers aiming to build a consistent and favorable brand image. From a methodological perspective, the results come from the analysis of clean data – that is, data after applying CDS, which increases the validity of the cross-country comparison.

The effects of biasing information on behavioral observations and rating scales

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Siegel ◽  
Susan L. Dragovich ◽  
David Marholin
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioral Observations

Evaluating Programs Designed to Teach International Content and Negotiation Skills

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Declarative Knowledge ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simple Evaluation

AbstractThe first purpose of this article is to describe the steps for conducting a simple evaluation (usable in a variety of different types of courses and programs). The second purpose is to report results from an evaluation of the ICONS Computer-Assisted Simulation, designed to teach both international concepts and content (declarative knowledge) and negotiation strategies and skills (procedural knowledge) to university students. Several techniques are described, including rating scales, open-ended questions scored for elaboration, concept maps, and computer-assisted data collection. Two groups of students differing in type of participation were identified in the evaluation of the ICONS simulation. The first (and largest group) became highly involved in the program and valued learning from the innovative technology used; the second (and much smaller group) was less involved and preferred learning from traditional methods such as lectures and reading. Notes about tactics and decisions involved in planning and implementing the evaluation are included.

scholarly journals The Task of Social Psychology Is to Explain Behavior not Just to Observe it

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e26131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stroebe
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Behavior Observation ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitude Measures

Doliński (2018, this issue) deplores the decline of behavior observation in social psychology since the 1960’s and asks whether (social-) psychology is still a behavioral science. I question both, that there was a decline and that direct behavior observations are essential for a science of behavior. After all, behavior can also be inferred from outcomes and other traces of behavior. During the alleged heydays of behavioral observation, social psychology was threatened by a crisis partly precipitated by Wicker’s (1969) demonstration that verbal attitude measures were often unrelated to behavioral responses towards attitude objects. His critique was devastating, because social psychology at that time relied heavily on rating scales as dependent measure. The advance of the social cognition movement in the 1970’s was to provide social psychology with new techniques (e.g., priming, cognitive load, reaction time techniques) that eased the reliance on rating scales. At the same time, it became insufficient to merely show a relationship between an external event and a behavioral response and to rely on speculations about the internal processes that might have been responsible for this relationship. Instead, studies had to assess the cognitive and motivational processes assumed to link those external events, typically – but not always – using social cognition techniques. This required additional studies leading to a decline in the proportion of studies reporting behavioral observations. I illustrate this development with one of my own research programs and also suggest that in this example an outcome may be a more valid measure of behavior than behavioral observations.

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