scholarly journals Catatonia

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararajan Rajagopal
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Key Aspects

Catatonia is an important phenomenon in both psychiatry and general medicine. This article provides an overview of the key aspects of catatonia, including clinical features, differential diagnoses, management and prognosis. The different types of catatonia, the position of catatonia in the psychiatric classificatory systems, use of catatonia rating scales and the association between catatonia and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are also covered. Abnormalities that have been hypothesised as being possible underlying mechanisms in catatonia are highlighted. The article aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive update on the subject, with information derived from an extensive range of relevant references.

Point and planar defects in the iron sulfide compounds Fe1-xS

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
Thao A. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Planar Defects ◽  
Selective Area ◽  
Vacancy Ordering ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Beam Lattice

It is well known that the large deviations from stoichiometry in iron sulfide compounds, Fe1-xS (0≤x≤0.125), are accommodated by iron vacancies which order and form superstructures at low temperatures. Although the ordering of the iron vacancies has been well established, the modes of vacancy ordering, hence superstructures, as a function of composition and temperature are still the subject of much controversy. This investigation gives direct evidence from many-beam lattice images of Fe1-xS that the 4C superstructure transforms into the 3C superstructure (Fig. 1) rather than the MC phase as previously suggested. Also observed are an intrinsic stacking fault in the sulfur sublattice and two different types of vacancy-ordering antiphase boundaries. Evidence from selective area optical diffractograms suggests that these planar defects complicate the diffraction pattern greatly.

Geological Field Sketches and Illustrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

Drawings, illustrations, and field sketches play an important role in Earth Science since they are used to record field observations, develop interpretations, and communicate results in reports and scientific publications. Drawing geology in the field furthermore facilitates observation and maximizes the value of fieldwork. Every geologist, whether a student, academic, professional, or amateur enthusiast, will benefit from the ability to draw geological features accurately. This book describes how and what to draw in geology. Essential drawing techniques, together with practical advice in creating high quality diagrams, are described the opening chapters. How to draw different types of geology, including faults, folds, metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, and fossils, are the subjects of separate chapters, and include descriptions of what are the important features to draw and describe. Different types of sketch, such as drawings of three-dimensional outcrops, landscapes, thin-sections, and hand-specimens of rocks, crystals, and minerals, are discussed. The methods used to create technical diagrams such as geological maps and cross-sections are also covered. Finally, modern techniques in the acquisition and recording of field data, including photogrammetry and aerial surveys, and digital methods of illustration, are the subject of the final chapter of the book. Throughout, worked examples of field sketches and illustrations are provided as well as descriptions of the common mistakes to be avoided.

scholarly journals Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Magali Seguret ◽  
Eva Vermersch ◽  
Charlène Jouve ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Hulot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Key Aspects

Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.

scholarly journals Fundamental Pedagogical Aspects for the Implementation of Models-Based Practice in Physical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7152
Author(s):  
Alejandra Hernando-Garijo ◽  
David Hortigüela-Alcalá ◽  
Pedro Antonio Sánchez-Miguel ◽  
Sixto González-Víllora
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pedagogical Models ◽  
Improved Learning ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Common Action

The implementation of pedagogical models (PMs) in the subject of Physical Education (PE) is presented as a pedagogical approach that is based on the educational context as a means to overcome the serious limitations that arise from traditional approaches. The effective implementation of this approach has demonstrated benefits in terms of student motivation, student involvement and improved learning. Thus, its application and international relevance, the variability of content covered, the possibility of replicability in a variety of contexts and the fact that it favors a reflective framework and common action by teachers are some of the reasons that justify its use. In this sense, the need for teacher training, as well as the intention to generate more scientific evidence based on its application in the classroom, are some of the key aspects to be taken into account for its implementation and consequent consolidation in the educational field.

scholarly journals Antitumor Activity of Protons and Molecular Hydrogen: Underlying Mechanisms

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Marianne Zeller ◽  
Yves Cottin ◽  
Catherine Vergely
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Particle Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Proton Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Understanding the structure and dynamics of the various hydrogen forms has been a subject of numerous studies. Protons (H+) and molecular hydrogen (H2) in the cell are critical in a wide variety of processes. A new cancer treatment uses H2, a biologically inactive gas. Due to its small molecular weight, H2 can rapidly penetrate cell membranes and reach subcellular components to protect nuclear DNA and mitochondria. H2 reduces oxidative stress, exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and acts as a modulator of apoptosis. Exogenous H2, administered by inhalation, drinking H2-rich water, or injecting H2-rich saline solution, is a protective therapy that can be used in multiple diseases, including cancer. In particle therapy, cyclotrons and synchrotrons are the accelerators currently used to produce protons. Proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) offers great promise for the treatment of a wide variety of cancers due to the sharp decrease in the dose of radiation at a defined point. In these conditions, H2 and different types of H2 donors may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.

The Sexual and Reproductive Functions, Normal and Perverted, in Relation to Insanity. I. Menstruation: its Commencement, Irregularities, and Cessation. II. the Sexual Instinct and its Abuse. III. Pregnancy, Parturition, etc

1888 ◽  
Vol 34 (147) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Campbell Clark
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychological Medicine ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Present Opportunity

In undertaking to introduce a discussion on this very large and important question, I am conscious of my inability to do it justice. No one can possibly cover the wide range of subjects comprised in it; and I am anxious rather to elicit the convictions of more experienced men than to obtrude my own crude and imperfect ideas. My purpose is, therefore, to state the case as briefly as possible, and to introduce questions for discussion in preference to merely ventilating my own ideas. In this way we may arrive at some common points of agreement and materially advance our knowledge of the subject. There can be no two opinions as to the advantage of bringing to a focus the collective experience and conclusions of the various sections of our profession interested in this field of research, and the present opportunity is a particularly good one. The title of the discussion embraces a great deal, and yet does not strictly include topics which might be considered relevant, particularly therapeutics. My aim at the outset will be to invite your special attention to a few questions only, and in order to make the most of our time and concentrate the discussion as much as possible I propose to take each division separately. The subject, viewed as a whole, is so far-reaching and practical as to possess uncommon interest, for it links together medicine and psychological medicine, it gives an open field of discussion to general medicine, obstetrics, and psychology, and it views insanity on its less speculative side, because the more materialistic functions are brought out in strong relief, and sometimes even overshadow the characters of mental disease.

scholarly journals IV. Comparison of some recently determined refractive indices with theory

1860 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 199-204
Keyword(s):  
General Result ◽  
Dispersive Media ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Extensive Range ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dispersive Power

In a series of papers inserted in the Philosophical Transactions (1835,1836,1837), and afterwards, in a more correct and complete form, in my Treatise ‘On the Undulatory Theory applied to the Di­spersion of Light’ (1841), I endeavoured to investigate the great problem of the explanation of the unequal refrangibility of light on the principles of the undulatory theory, as proposed by M. Cauchy about 1830, by numerical comparison with the indices observed, more especially in cases of the most highly dispersive media then examined. The general result then arrived at was, that while the theory applied perfectly through an extensive range of media of low and moderate dispersive power, it did not apply well to those of higher; and to the highest in the scale (which of course formed the true test of the theory) it did not apply within any allowable limits of accuracy. Since that time little has been done towards prosecuting the subject.

Expert Systems in Medicne:Possible Future Effects

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Potthoff ◽  
M. Rothemund ◽  
D. Schwefel ◽  
R. Engelbrecht ◽  
W. van Eimeren
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Insurance Industry

It should be pointed out that during the interviews most of the experts had positive expectations of ESM. The developers are more generally enthusiastic than the prospective users and affected parties who, especially in respect of the diffusion of ESM into practical application, only show a limited optimism.However, the representatives of the medical profession and the health insurance industry were convinced that ESM might contribute to cost-neutral increases of quality in out-patient and in-patient medicine. But we also understood them to say that they consider other developments in medicine to be overriding, for example, a tendency of general medicine towards a more family-oriented medicine and a reduced emphasis on technology-oriented medicine. In respect of the conception shared by developers as well as potential users that over-enthusiastic expectations should rather be restrained, we consider such a balanced expectation of positive effects of ESM to be adequate to the actual knowledge of the subject.

scholarly journals On Understanding the Administrative Law Subject

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Olga N. Ordina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Common Concept ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

In the administrative and legal science there is a refinement, change and expansion of the subject of the dynamic branch of administrative law, aimed at eliminating the resulting lag of legal theory from the legal reality. In our view, of the three basic categories that characterize the subject of administrative law, “public administration”, “executive power” and “administrativepublic activity”, the main generalization category is the category “administrative and public activities”. The phenomenon of the subject of administrative law refracts the problems and discussions inherent in the industry as a whole. In view of the existence of different points of view on the subject of administrative law, the legal science has not yet formulated a single definition of it. There is a tendency to overcome the conflict between different types of understanding, to bring together the positions of different concepts of understanding of administrative law in order to form a “universal” concept of it, to develop its common concept.

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