Introduction: Creating Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Barbara Townley ◽  
Philip Roscoe ◽  
Nicola Searle
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Structural Inequalities

The introductory chapter sets the book within the context of the existing literature from the areas of sociology and law as they relate to the creative industries. It notes the long-standing dichotomy between creativity and business that is often reproduced in scholarship on this area of the creative and cultural economy. It draws attention to political reliance on creative industries as a source of value and the reality of precarious labour and structural inequalities that characterize work in the sector. It introduces our theoretical approach, drawn from sociological studies of ‘marketization’ and describes our analytical framing: the IP/IPR nexus. It provides short summaries of subsequent chapters.

Creating Economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Townley ◽  
Philip Roscoe ◽  
Nicola Searle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Creative Products ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sociological Studies

Creativity is at the vanguard of contemporary capitalism, valorized as a form of capital in its own right. It is the centrepiece of the vaunted ‘creative economy’, and within the latter, the creative industries. But what is economic about creativity? How can creative labour become the basis for a distinctive global industry? And how has the solitary artist, a figment of Romantic thought, become the creative entrepreneur of twenty-first-century economic imagining? Such questions have long provoked scholars interested in economics, sociology, management and law. This book offers a fresh approach to the theoretical problems of cultural economy, through a focus on intellectual property (IP) within the creative industries. IP and its associated rights (IPR) are followed as they journey through the creative economy, creating a hybrid IP/IPR that shapes creative products and configures the economic agency of creative producers. The book argues that IP/IPR is the central mechanism in organizing the market for creative goods, helping to manage risk, settle what is valuable, extract revenues, and protect future profits.. Most importantly, IP/IPR is crucial in the dialectic between symbolic and economic value on which the creative industries depend: IP/IPR hold the creative industries together. The book is based on a detailed empirical study of creative producers in the UK, extending sociological studies of markets to an analysis of the UK’s creative industries. It makes an important, empirically grounded contribution to debates around creativity, entrepreneurship, and precarity in creative industries and will be of interest to scholars and policymakers alike.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
East Africa ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Refugee Protection

This introductory chapter begins by presenting the book’s structure in section A. Section B then delineates the book’s contours, outlining four aspects of refugee protection in Africa that are not addressed. Section C provides context, with a contemporary overview of the state of refugee protection in Africa. It also looks at the major aspects of the refugee situations in each of Africa’s principal geographic sub-regions: East Africa (including the Horn of Africa), Central Africa and the Great Lakes, West Africa, Southern Africa, and North Africa. Section D then concludes with an outline of the theoretical approach to regime relationships employed throughout the book.

Political Variety and Electoral Efficacy of Immigrant Nonprofit Organizations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media

This introductory chapter sets out the objectives of this book as well as the theoretical approach it undertakes. Against the backdrop of the 2012 U.S. elections, the press and political pundits were right to frame the reelection of Barack Obama as president as a harbinger of the growing power of Hispanic and Asian American voters, but the media often overlook the variety of immigrant nonprofit organizations that have been working hard to energize these voters for decades. The chapter places the focus on these organizations as it lays down the key questions, scope, and methodology for this research. It also introduces two key case studies—Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services (ACCESS) and New Immigrant Community Empowerment (NICE)—both of which demonstrate some of the diverse ways immigrants receive services, representation, and collectively express a political identity.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Banu Özkazanç-Pan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Work And Organizations ◽  
Cross Cultural Management

The introduction provides the reader with a context for transnational migration studies and its importance for studying people, work and organizations today. Starting out referencing contemporary trends, such as Brexit, the election of Trump and general rise of anti-immigrant, righ-wing regimes globally, the introductory chapter lays the foundation for a transnational migration perspective. Key ideas from transnational migration studies, an interdisciplinary field born out of sociology, are explained and their relevance for theorizing and studying difference in the context of globally-mobile people made explicit. The chapter then outlines how existing approaches to the study of people and work under these new times and in the context of mobility has taken shape in the management, focusing explicitly on diversity and cross-cultural management areas. These two scholarly areas represent the dominant approach to the study of people and difference albeit there have been critical interjections into static notions of identity, place and work in these areas. Altogether, the introduction lays the foundation for the book in terms of the need for and importance of transnational migration studies as a much-needed theoretical approach for rethinking identity, difference and work in the diversity and cross-cultural management fields.

Knowledge Relationships and Transactions in a Cultural Economy: Analysing the Creative Industries Ecosystem

2004 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jeffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Creative Space ◽  
Cultural Economies ◽  
Research And Policy

This paper addresses creativity in a broad organisational field of knowledge relationships and transactions in a cultural economy. In considering key issues and debates across this complex field, the paper concentrates on the generic problems of investigating, understanding and influencing this cultural economy. The paper locates its consideration of these knowledge relationships and transactions in a discussion of a pioneering in-depth study of the creative industries in a region of the United Kingdom. Significantly, this study found these creative industries to be inhabiting an ecosystem of creative space and also found that the development strategy for these industries needed to be ecological. The paper concludes with several key challenges for research and policy in the building of situated and strategic knowledge on cultural economies.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Blom Hansen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
South African ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Intimate Life ◽  
Embodied Imagination

This introductory chapter looks at how every South African had to learn to live according to a complex cultural economy that was structured by several forms of (imputed) gaze. This is because life during apartheid became so rigidly divided along race lines, and yet remained intimate and close in workplaces and homes. Racialized identities and anxieties were played out at every level of social and intimate life. The result was a set of complex, performative anxieties that are by no means unique to South Africa but became more developed there than in most other societies. The chapter suggests that the legacy of colonial and apartheid regulation and cultural policy has made the embodied imagination of a range of imputed gazes extraordinarily compelling and complex in everyday life.

scholarly journals INTERLINKS OF CULTURAL AND CREATIVE ECONOMIES THROUGH CREATIVE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES / KŪLTŪROS IR KŪRYBOS EKONOMIKŲ SĄSAJOS PER KŪRYBINIUS PRODUKTUS IR PASLAUGAS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Rasa Levickaitė
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Community Identity ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Cultural Products ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Creative Products ◽  
Definition Of

The paper focuses on contemporary creative cultural economy concepts and presents formation background and confrontational points of view discussed by variety of authors. The scope of the creative economy is determined by creative industries exponent. If culture is perceptible in the anthropological or functional sense, one might use the concept of the cultural product. An alternative definition of creative products and services originates from a created value type: one might say these products and services, no matter what commercial value they would obtain, together hold a cultural value which financially cannot be evaluated to the final point. It means different types of cultural activities and products or services produced are evaluated both by producers and consumers due to social and cultural reasons which add or exceed purely economic evaluation. For example, aesthetical value or community identity is hardly measured and interspersed into traditional evaluation characteristics. Cultural value is designated and is perceived as an observed characteristic whereas cultural products and services could be equalized with other product types. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiamos šiuolaikinės kultūros ir kūrybos ekonomikos koncepcijos, nurodomos susiformavimo prielaidos ir konfrontuojantys autorių požiūriai. Kūrybos ekonomikos apimtys nustatomos pagal kūrybinių industrijų rodiklius. Kai pati kultūra suprantama antropologine arba funkcine prasme, galima vartoti kultūrinių produktų sąvoką. Alternatyvus arba papildomas kultūrinių produktų ir paslaugų apibrėžimas kyla iš jų įkūnijamo arba kuriamo vertės tipo, t. y. galima sakyti, kad šie produktai ir paslaugos, kad ir kokią komercinę vertę įgytų, papildomai turi kultūrinę vertę, kurios neįmanoma iki galo įvertinti pinigais. Kitaip tariant, įvairių rūšių kultūrinė veikla ir ją vykdant sukurtos prekės ir paslaugos yra vertinamos – ir jos gamintojų, ir jos vartotojų – dėl socialinių ir kultūrinių priežasčių, kurios tikriausiai papildo ar viršija grynai ekonominį įvertinimą. Tai gali būti estetiniai svarstymai arba veiklos įnašas į bendruomenės kultūrinės tapatybės supratimą. Jei taptų įmanoma nustatyti tokią kultūrinę vertę, ja būtų galima pasinaudoti kaip stebima charakteristika, kurią taikant išskirti kultūriniai produktai ir paslaugos būtų lyginamos su kitais produktų tipais.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY OF MODERN THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF CULTURAL ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
I. I. Parkhomenko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Production ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Production And Consumption

The article proposes theoretical concepts typology of the modern cultural economy, which proves the existence of economic relations in the field of culture according to the Western European scientific tradition of XX-XXI centuries: 1) cultural and philosophical (T.W.Adorno, J. Baudrillard, P.Bourdieu, M.Horkheimer, S.Lash, C.Lury, J.Urry); 2) cultural industries approach (R.Williams, B.Miege, N.Garhnam, P.L.Sacco); 3) economic and managerial (W.J.Baumol, W.G.Bowen, M.Blaug, V.A.Ginsburg, D.Hesmondhalgh, A.Klamer, B.Miege, A.J.Scott, D.Throsby, B.S.Frey). According to these modern theoretical concepts, culture is the sphere of production and consumption of goods and services; it is functioning as a resource for economic, social and cultural development. This understanding of culture is the basis of the current policy of cultural and creative industries in the European Union and the United Kingdom. Cultural production is an interdisciplinary object of study, since the cultural good has its own peculiarity: its cultural value determines economic value. The article analyzes production in the field of culture and, at first, determines economy of culture as a scientific approach for understanding the functioning of the modern society in the categories of production and consumption; secondly, economics of culture is a scientific discipline in the field of economics. Theoretical and methodological bases were interdisciplinary scientific approaches to the understanding of culture as a sphere of production and consumption. For that reason were organized and systematized approaches to the understanding of culture as an economic reality in scientific discourse: 1) critical theory of T.W.Adorno, W.Benjamin and M.Horkheimer and the concept of "cultural industry"; 2) the interaction of cultural and power institutions in the processes of democratization of society and industrialization of culture (R.Williams, N.Garhnam, P.L.Sacco); 3) culture as a set of cultural industries, which form cultural capital (P.Bourdieu, D.Hesmondhalgh, B.Miege, D.Throsby); 4) the functioning of modern society as global culture industry in theory of S.Lash and C.Lury; 5) cultural economics theory (W.J.Baumol, W.G.Bowen, M.Blaug, V.A.Ginsburg, A.J.Scott, D.Throsby, B.S.Frey).

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Barbara Townley ◽  
Philip Roscoe ◽  
Nicola Searle
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Cultural Economy ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Craft Skills ◽  
Rights Issues

We have now completed our journey through the creative economy. Our concluding chapter draws together arguments and elaborates policy suggestions. We examine the value of IP/IPR as an analytical construct and consider how it adds to our understanding of contemporary debates over the creative industries. Our analysis of IP policy and attendant rights issues argues that any evidence-based policy should be based on an understanding of the role of IP/IPR within the valorization process as a whole. We also place our discussion of IP within the context of cultural and education policy, emphasizing the importance of cultural access and support and the development of craft skills that underpin the process of creating intellectual property. We argue both are crucial for the future of creative production and the cultural economy as a whole.

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