From Silent Spring to The Frog of War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Skelly
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
History Information ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents two examples to demonstrate that natural history is the necessary basis of any reliable understanding of the world. More than a half century ago, Rachel Carson revolutionized the public’s view of pesticides. The foundation of her success was the careful use of natural history data, collated from across North America. The examples she assembled left little doubt that DDT and other pesticides were causing a widespread decline in birds. More recently, the case for the impact of atrazine on wildlife was based on laboratory experiments, without the advantage of natural history observations. For atrazine, natural history observations now suggest that other chemical agents are more likely to be responsible for feminization of wildlife populations. Developing expectations for scientists to collect natural history information can help to avoid over-extrapolating lab results to wild populations, a tendency often seen when those lab results conform to preconceptions about chemicals in the environment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Fear and Rational Appeal Scam Techniques on Individual Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(Suppl.)) ◽  
pp. 0871
Author(s):  
Siti Nurdiana Abu Bakar ◽  
Nur Haryani Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Individual Susceptibility ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Scams remain among top cybercrime incidents happening around the world. Individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion are considered as risk-takers and prone to be scam victims. Unfortunately, limited number of research is done to investigate the relationship between appeal techniques and individuals' personality thus hindering a proper and effective campaigns that could help to raise awareness against scam. In this study, the impact of fear and rational appeal were examined as well as to identify suitable approach for individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion. To evaluate the approach, pretest and posttest surveys with 3 separate controlled laboratory experiments were conducted. This study found that rational appeal treatment has a significantly stronger impact than the fear appeal. This result is a starting point in suggesting that rational appeal is a promising means in persuading individuals with high susceptibility to persuasion.

Annotated bibliography of the parthenogenetic marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis, a new research model, potent invader and popular pet

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4418 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
GÜNTER VOGT
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Pet Trade ◽  
The World ◽  
New Research ◽  
Marbled Crayfish

The marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis is a new obligately parthenogenetic species that was detected in the mid-1990s in the German aquarium trade. Since then it has become a popular pet in many countries throughout the world and a valuable laboratory model for a broad range of biological disciplines. Releases have led to the establishment of wild populations in several European countries, Madagascar and probably Japan, making marbled crayfish an interesting paradigm of evolutionarily young and ongoing bioinvasions. This article provides an annotated bibliography of the scientific and popular scientific literature on marbled crayfish from its detection until today. Each reference is assigned to a publication format and one or more biological categories. The content is shortly described and its significance for marbled crayfish research and general biology is assessed. Of the 239 references listed 140 (58.6%) deal primarily with laboratory experiments on the biology of marbled crayfish and the establishment and use of marbled crayfish as a research model, 74 (31.0%) with its biogeography, invasions and ecology and 25 (10.4%) with hobby aquarist issues and the pet trade.

The effects of shifts and drifts on the epidemiology of influenza in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 288 (1029) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
H2n2 Virus ◽  
The Impact

Accurate information on the epidemiology of influenza over the World is difficult to obtain as it is dependent on both national statistics of morbidity and mortality and on adequate virological confirmation of suspected cases. Only a few countries have the facilities for these and in much of the World it is difficult to establish exactly the impact of influenza. For this reason, our knowledge on the natural history of the disease and the virus causing it is restricted to what happens in a few areas of the World where the necessary information is obtainable. In one of these areas, the U .K ., it has been possible to follow the appearance of influenza in successive years throughout the 11 years of prevalence of the H2N2 virus and throughout the 10 years of prevalence of the H3N2 virus. What are still unknown are the factors that determine this pattern. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the epidemiology of influenza.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of political regimes on biodiversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Zizka ◽  
Oskar Rydén ◽  
Daniel Edler ◽  
Johannes Klein ◽  
Heléne Aronsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural History ◽  
The World ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Do So

AbstractNational governments are the main actors responsible for mapping and protecting their biodiversity, but countries differ in their capacity, willingness, and effectiveness to do so. We quantify the global biodiversity managed by different regime types and developed a tool to explore the links between level of democracy and other key socio-economic variables with the number of natural history specimens registered within country boundaries. Using this tool, distinct and previously unknown patterns emerge around the world, that urge for increased collaboration between the natural and social sciences to further explore these patterns and their underlying processes.

RACHEL CARSON'S ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cafaro
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The Way

AbstractRachel Carson is well known as a founder of the modern environmental movement. This article argues that her life and writings have much to offer contemporary environmental philosophy. I begin by discussing the environmental ethics articulated in Silent Spring. I next examine Carson's earlier natural history writings and the non-anthropocentrism they express. I conclude with some suggestions for how Carson points the way forward for environmental ethics.

scholarly journals Rachel Carson: Humanizing Nature

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikayla Grace Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulations ◽  
Rachel Carson ◽  
Scientific Responsibility ◽  
National Debate ◽  
Silent Spring ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
The Way

Rachel Carson was instrumental in changing the way the world viewed conservation. Her initial written works demonstrated the idea that humans were not the center of the earth’s ecosystems by describing the environment from the viewpoint of non-human creatures (Cafaro, 2011, para. 45-48). Carson’s most eminent publication, Silent Spring, was released at the beginning of the 1960s (Cafaro, 2011, para. 25). The book advocated Carson’s concept of enlightened anthropocentrism through the insistence that new scientific innovations should be questioned as to why, whether, and for what purpose they are put into practice (Walker & Walsh, 2012, p.19). Another issue sparked by Silent Spring regarded whether humans should alter nature for our purposes or attempt to leave it unchanged (Cafaro, 2011, para. 67). Silent Spring helped to spark a national debate about scientific responsibility, limitations on advances in technology, and chemical pesticides in general (Lear, 2013, p. 1). The fact that her arguments stimulated such intense discussion is a testimony to how influential she truly was. Furthermore, Silent Spring led to the banning of dichlorodiphenyltricholoroethane (DDT) production by 1972, along with the implementation of government regulations to safeguard the environment (Hecht, 2012, p. 154; Lear, 2013, p. 1). Carson also made individuals realize that what they put into the environment must be regulated in order to keep the effects from haunting them for generations to come. This undeniable truth continues to resonate today. 

Exploring the World Trade Organisation's Trade and Environment/Public Health Jurisprudence as a Model for Incorporating a Trade–Labour Linkage into the Organisation's Multilateral Trade Regime: Should African Countries Accept a Policy Shift?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Tapiwa V. Warikandwa ◽  
Patrick C. Osode
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The World ◽  
Labour Standards ◽  
The Impact

The incorporation of a trade-labour (standards) linkage into the multilateral trade regime of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been persistently opposed by developing countries, including those in Africa, on the grounds that it has the potential to weaken their competitive advantage. For that reason, low levels of compliance with core labour standards have been viewed as acceptable by African countries. However, with the impact of WTO agreements growing increasingly broader and deeper for the weaker and vulnerable economies of developing countries, the jurisprudence developed by the WTO Panels and Appellate Body regarding a trade-environment/public health linkage has the potential to address the concerns of developing countries regarding the potential negative effects of a trade-labour linkage. This article argues that the pertinent WTO Panel and Appellate Body decisions could advance the prospects of establishing a linkage of global trade participation to labour standards without any harm befalling developing countries.

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, 1902–1912: Britain's first local environmental records centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Robin M. Sellers ◽  
Stephen Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Falco Peregrinus ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Buteo Buteo ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
History Record ◽  
Economic Ornithology ◽  
The Impact

Carlisle Museum's Natural History Record Bureau, Britain's first local environmental records centre, collected and collated records, mainly of birds but including also mammals and fishes, from amateur naturalists. It initially covered an area of 80 kilometres around Carlisle, and later from Cumberland, Westmorland and the detached portion of Lancashire north of Morecambe Bay: in effect the modern-day county of Cumbria. At the end of each year, those records which had been accepted were logged in a special “Record Book”, and a summary published. For the first eight years of its ten-year existence (1902–1912), these were printed in the local newspaper, The Carlisle Journal, but from 1908 they also appeared in The Zoologist. Alongside the Record Bureau, the Museum undertook a number of other activities, including a short-lived attempt to establish a bird-ringing project, an investigation into the impact of black-headed gulls ( Chroicocephalus ridibundus) on farming and fisheries interests (an early example of economic ornithology), the setting up of Kingmoor Nature Reserve and the protection of nesting peregrines ( Falco peregrinus), buzzards ( Buteo buteo) and ravens ( Corvus corax). The effectiveness of the Natural History Record Bureau and the reasons for its demise are briefly discussed.

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