Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
General Demand

Given the practical significance of demand-rights, it is important to understand how they are possible. This is the general demand-right problem. Solving it turns out to be a challenging task, one that takes us beyond the resources of the central contemporary theories of rights.This book has provided a solution to the general demand-right problem: joint commitment is a ground of demand-rights....

scholarly journals Distinction between the concepts of mathematical and logical modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Kolybenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Organic Unity ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Logical Modeling ◽  
High Level

Introduction. Technologies of mathematical and logical modeling of problem solving according to the existing practice of their distribution are divided into two areas: widespread mathematical modeling and infological modeling which is currently underdeveloped, especially for sophisticated systems. Fundamental differences between these technologies, in particular for the machining preproduction, are that logical modeling is informationally and logically related to organization systems, and mathematical modeling is associated with control processes in the organization systems. Logical modeling is used to operate with geometric objects in the technological schemes of their interaction through basing methods, geometric shaping in a static (ideal) setting of the corresponding schemes. Mathematical simulation is used to operate material objects in the control processes of their transformations through cutting methods, i.e. imperfectly, considering heterogeneous errors. Between the organization systems under study and management processes in them, there are information and logical links of their organic unity, which deny their separate consideration. In the information deterministic technology for solving problems of a high-level automation, the distinction between the concepts of “mathematical” and “logical” modeling is relevant; it has scientific novelty and practical significance.Materials and Methods. To characterize the properties of the concepts of “mathematical modeling”, “logical modeling” and the knowledge functions resulting from the formulation of these concepts, fundamentally different methods and appropriate tools are used. The differentiation of the concepts under consideration is based on the differentiation of technologies (methods, appropriate tools, algorithms, operations) for solving applied problems of any knowledge domain.Research Results. The ideas of “logical modeling” and “mathematical modeling” are conceptual general-theoretical notions with invariant properties required for solving practical problems of any application domain. In accordance with the distinction between these concepts, the problem solving technologies are divided into two types: system engineering technology – in the organization of information object systems, and system science – in the management processes of transformation of the corresponding material objects. These areas should exist in the information and logical link of their organic unity.Discussion and Conclusions. The author distinguishes between the concepts of “logical modeling” and “mathematical modeling”, which is a key condition for a successful transition to the deterministic information technology of a high-level automation in solving practical problems of any knowledge domain, for example, of the production design machining

Iterative problem solving in teams: insights from an agent-based simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 2-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Martynov ◽  
Dina Abdelzaher
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Problem Complexity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Model Complex ◽  
Agent Based Simulations

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the effect of knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity on the quality of problem-solving in teams that use the majority rule to aggregate heterogeneous knowledge of the team members. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses agent-based simulations to model iterative problem-solving by teams. The simulation results are analyzed using linear regressions to show the interactions among the variables in the model. Findings – We find that knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity interact to jointly impact the optimal solution in the iterative problem-solving process of teams using majority rule decisions. Interestingly, we find that more complex problems require less knowledge overlap. Search width and knowledge overlap act as substitutes, weakening each other’s performance effects. Research limitations/implications – The results suggest that team performance in iterative problem-solving depends on interactions among knowledge overlap, search width and problem complexity which need to be jointly examined to reflect realistic team dynamics. Practical implications – The findings suggest that team formation and the choice of a search strategy should be aligned with problem complexity. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the literature on problem-solving in teams. It is the first attempt to use agent-based simulations to model complex problem-solving in teams. The results have both theoretical and practical significance.

scholarly journals THE USE OF TRIZ (TIPS) METHODS FOR THE PERCEPTION OF THE MODERN VISUAL ART

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
T. I. Lagaeva ◽  
A. I. Simak
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Art History ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Research Abstract ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Communication Effectiveness ◽  
Conscious Perception

The purpose of this investigation is the search and development of the methodological tools for the use of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ/TIPS) for a deep and conscious perception of the modern visual arts by future artists and by professional painters in general. Methodology. The theoretical fundamentals of the research became the works of the researchers in the field of social-humanitarian sciences: culturology, art history, philosophy, semiotics. One can refer to the methodological basics the use of systemic, structural-semiotic and post-structural approaches. Results. In the process of the research, the differentiation, systematization and classification of methods of shaping in visual arts by adapting TRIZ methods was realized. The visual information for every TRIZ method was collected. As an example, we suggested a research abstract for the «Mediator» method, including a selection and the interpretation of the images, the analysis of method’s functions and their peculiarities, their specifics and resource possibilities. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the authors have investigated the artistic works on the basis of adapted TRIZ methods, identified the variants of use of these methods and their functional meaning. Practical significance. The practical significance of the research consists in a deep analysis of semantic and esthetic components of the works of art, which can promote the enhancement of the artistic communication effectiveness and higher realization of the artists.

scholarly journals Types of conflict, types of relationships and preferred conflict resolution strategies: Implications for constructive conflict resolution programmes

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Danijela Petrovic ◽  
Milica Vucetic
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Constructive Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategies ◽  
Conflict Resolution Strategy ◽  
Resolution Strategies

Constructive conflict resolution programmes are based on the idea that children and youth do no have sufficient knowledge of the procedures and skills for conflict resolution, which is why the conflicts they take part in soon become destructive. Notwithstanding the indubitable practical significance of the constructive conflict resolution programmes, it can be objected that they are not sufficiently based on empirical findings about the characteristics of conflicts in childhood and adolescence. Hence, this paper explores different types of conflict with peers and friends with the aim of determining the preferred conflict resolution strategies and using the obtained results to consider the implications for the improvement of constructive conflict resolution programmes. The research was conducted on the sample of 286 adolescents. The method of hypothetical conflict situations was used for studying the preferred conflict resolution strategies. The key results, which should be taken into account when developing constructive conflict resolution programmes, indicate that the preference for a conflict resolution strategy varies depending on conflict type (problem solving is mostly used in conflicts occurring due to opinion differences and disrespect of agreement, unlike the conflicts arising due to provocations, stubbornness and dishonesty) and relationship types (in conflicts with friends, adolescents prefer problem solving, while in peer conflicts they more frequently opt for competition).

Shared Intentionality, joint commitment, and directed obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Shared Intentionality

Abstract Tomasello frequently refers to joint commitment, but does not fully characterize it. In earlier publications, I have offered a detailed account of joint commitment, tying it to a sense that the parties form a “we,” and arguing that it grounds directed obligations and rights. Here I outline my understanding of joint commitment and its normative impact.

Specimen Preparation for Clinical Applications of X-Ray Microanalysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
J.D. Shelburne ◽  
G.M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Coating ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sweat Test ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
Clinical Problems

Proper preparative procedures are a prerequisite for the validity of the results of x-ray microanalysis of biological tissue. Clinical applications of x-ray microanalysis are often concerned with diagnostic problems and the results may have profound practical significance for the patient. From this point of view it is especially important that specimen preparation for clinical applications is carried out correctly.Some clinical problems require very little tissue preparation. Hair, nails, and kidney and gallbladder stones may be examined and analyzed after carbon coating. High levels of zinc or copper in hair may be indicative of dermatological or systemic diseases. Nail clippings may be analyzed (as an alternative to the more conventional sweat test) to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. X-ray microanalysis in combination with scanning electron microscopy has been shown to be the most reliable method for the identification of the components of kidney or gallbladder stones.A quantitatively very important clinical application of x-ray microanalysis is the identification and quantification of asbestos and other exogenous particles in lung.

An application of the Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving (POPS) System

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Chiodo ◽  
WW Bullock ◽  
HR Creamer ◽  
DI Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving

Applying a Self-Regulating Private Speech Model to Classroom Settings

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
A. D. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
Speech Model

The paper explores the processes by which children use private speech to regulate their behaviors. The first part of the paper explores the ontological development of self-regulating private speech. The theories of Vygotsky and Luria are used to explain this development. The second part of the paper applies these theories to pedagogical settings. The process by which children are exposed to dialogue strategies that help them solve problems is outlined. The strategy has children posing and answering four questions: What is the problem? How will I solve it? Am I using the plan? How did it work? It is argued that this model helps children systematically mediate their problem solving processes.

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