Automation of the development of ontologies of scientific subject domains based on ontology design patterns

At present, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). However, the development of an ontology is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. All indications are that when developing SSDs ontologies, it is especially effective to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). This is due to the fact that the SSD ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical frag-ments, which are well described by the ODPs. In addition, due to the fact that the use of ODPs greatly facilitates the development of an SSD ontology, it is possible to involve experts in a modeled SSD not possessing the skills of onto-logical modeling. To obtain an ontology that adequately describes the SSD, it is necessary to process a huge number of publications relevant to the modeled SSD. It is possible to facilitate and accelerate the process of populating the ontolo-gy with information from such sources by using the lexical and syntactic patterns of ontological design. The paper pre-sents an approach to the automated development of SSDs ontologies based on a system of heterogeneous ODPs. This system includes both ODPs intended for ontology developers and lexical and syntactic patterns built on the basis of the above-mentioned types of the ODPs and the current version of the SSD ontology.

Multiple analogical proportions

Analogical proportions are statements of the form “a is to b as c is to d”, denoted a : b : : c : d, that may apply to any type of items a, b, c, d. Analogical proportions, as a building block for analogical reasoning, is then a tool of interest in artificial intelligence. Viewed as a relation between pairs ( a , b ) and ( c , d ), these proportions are supposed to obey three postulates: reflexivity, symmetry, and central permutation (i.e., b and c can be exchanged). The logical modeling of analogical proportions expresses that a and b differ in the same way as c and d, when the four items are represented by vectors encoding Boolean properties. When items are real numbers, numerical proportions – arithmetic and geometric proportions – can be considered as prototypical examples of analogical proportions. Taking inspiration of an old practice where numerical proportions were handled in a vectorial way and where sequences of numerical proportions of the form x 1 : x 2 : ⋯ : x n : : y 1 : y 2 : ⋯ : y n were in use, we emphasize a vectorial treatment of Boolean analogical proportions and we propose a Boolean logic counterpart to such sequences. This provides a linear algebra calculus of analogical inference and acknowledges the fact that analogical proportions should not be considered in isolation. Moreover, this also leads us to reconsider the postulates underlying analogical proportions (since central permutation makes no sense when n ⩾ 3) and then to formalize a weak form of analogical proportion which no longer obeys the central permutation postulate inherited from numerical proportions. But these weak proportions may still be combined in multiple weak analogical proportions.

MODERN ARTISTIC APPROACHES OF ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC AND RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT

The existing problems of emotional-figurative perception of the architectural environment of public and residential buildings and structures, on the one hand, and modern examples of practical activities with very radical ideas about the organization of the architectural environment force us to rethink the theoretical achievements of artistic design. The aim of the study is to systematize existing information about the artistic design of the architectural environment in the context of the development of the artistic image of the architectural environment, formulating the features of modern artistic approaches to organizing the public and residential architectural environment. Materials and methods. Literary and informational sources, comparative analysis, structural and logical modeling, systematization of research results, literary and informational sources, methods of experimental design. Within the framework of the study, the architectural environment a three-tier hierarchical system is considered. Four modern approaches to the artistic design of the architectural environment are proposed: critical, individual, interactive and creative. It is established that the architectural environment is perceived as a multilevel, open developing and interacting with visitors in time and space system. The artistic image of the architectural environment covers all levels of formation and connects them into a single whole. The application of the proposed modern artistic approaches is possible both separately and together. Their harmonious integration in the context of artistic design helps to create an architectural environment that evolves and changes according to the needs of visitors and their own interactive rules of perception. The argumentation of these artistic approaches provides a basis for further study of dynamic processes and prospects for the development of artistic design with the possibility of using the results of research work in the artistic design of public and residential architectural environment. Examples are given.

Development of control processes of research and production subsystems at scientific enterprises of rocket and space engineering

В статье уточнено влияние процессов управления научно-исследовательской и производственной подсистемами наукоёмких предприятий РКМ на эффективность их развития. Доказано с использованием методов логико-абстрактного моделирования, что сложившаяся организационно-экономическая структура наукоёмких предприятий РКМ не совершенна и требует изменения управления научно-исследовательской и производственной подсистемами, совокупность которых за счёт синергетического эффекта, проявляемого во внутриорганизационной и межорганизационной интеграции, позволит дать оценку общей эффективности их развития. Проведен анализ показателей наукоемкости предприятий РКМ, который установил, что целесообразна их научно-производственная интеграция в пространственных моделях, внедрение и использование технологических платформ. The article specifies R&D and production management process upon knowledge-intensive rocket and space enterprises in respect or their development effectiveness. It is approved with the method of abstract logical modeling that contemporary organization and economic structure of the knowledge-intencive enterprises has to be modified in terms of R&D and production subsystem management. Both of them will lead to increase development by synergetic effect caused by inter- and cross- organization integration. The analysis of the indicators of the science intensity of enterprises of the knowledge-intensive rocket and space enterprises was carried out, it was established that their scientific and industrial integration in spatial models, the introduction and use of technological platforms is expedient.

Logical modeling: Combining manual curation and automated parameterization to predict drug synergies

Treatment with drug combinations carries great promise for personalized therapy. We have previously shown that drug synergies targeting cancer can manually be identified based on a logical framework. We now demonstrate how automated adjustments of model topology and logic equations can greatly reduce the workload traditionally associated with logical model optimization. Our methodology allows the exploration of larger model ensembles that all obey a set of observations. We benchmark synergy predictions against a dataset of 153 targeted drug combinations. We show that well-performing manual models faithfully represent measured biomarker data and that their performance can be outmatched by automated parameterization using a genetic algorithm. The predictive performance of a curated model is strongly affected by simulated curation errors, while data-guided deletion of a small subset of edges can improve prediction quality. With correct topology we find some tolerance to simulated errors in the biomarker calibration data. With our framework we predict the synergy of joint inhibition of PI3K and TAK1, and further substantiate this prediction with observation in cancer cell cultures and in xenograft experiments.

SWOT Analysis E-Learning Concepts Based Digitalization in Kepulauan Riau Province Border Area

Abstrak Kepulauan Riau merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang berbatasan langsung dengan negara tetangga, sehingga perlu adanya optimalisasi dunia pendidikan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Sistem pembelajaran di Indonesia akhirnya menggunakan e-learning yang merupakan fasilitas pembelajaran dengan sistem online. Tujuan: Kondisi darurat ini membuat Provinsi Kepulauan Riau khususnya Dinas Pendidikan harus mengambil langkah strategis dalam sistem pembelajaran online agar lebih efektif dan efisien karena Kepulauan. Riau termasuk dalam wilayah 3 T (Tertinggal, Terdepan, Tertinggal). Hal ini berdampak pada akses jaringan internet yang sulit diakses di daerah perbatasan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pembelajaran digitalisasi menggunakan Digital Versatile Disk - Read Write (DVD-RW) dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT. Metode: penelitian dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan analisis menggunakan teknik pemodelan logika sebagai bentuk lain dari pencocokan pola untuk menganalisis peramalan dalam analisis SWOT. Temuan: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa matriks SWOT sangat mungkin diterapkan pada pembelajaran berbasis digitalisasi dengan menggunakan DVD-RW sehingga siswa dapat dengan mudah mengakses materi pembelajaran yang telah disediakan khususnya di daerah perbatasan. Kesimpulan: Analisis SWOT ini juga bertujuan untuk menutupi kekurangan dalam pembelajaran e-learning yang membutuhkan sistem online untuk melakukannya di setiap wilayah di Indonesia selama pandemi COVID-19. Kata kunci Digitisation, e-learning, border, analisis SWOT Abstract Kepulauan Riau is a province in Indonesia that borders directly with neighboring countries, so there is a need for optimization of the world of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. The learning system in Indonesia finally uses e-learning which is a learning facility with an online system. Objective: This emergency condition makes the Riau Islands province, especially the Education Office, have to take strategic steps in online learning systems to be more effective and efficient because of the Islands. Riau is included in the 3 T area (Disadvantaged, Frontier, Disadvantaged). This has an impact on access to internet networks that are difficult to access in border areas. This research focuses on digitalization learning using Digital Versatile Disk - Read Write (DVD-RW) using SWOT analysis. Methods: research using secondary data and analysis using logical modeling techniques as another form of pattern matching to analyze forecasting in SWOT analysis. Findings: The results of the analysis show that the SWOT matrix is highly likely to be applied to digitalization-based learning using DVD-RW so that students can easily access the learning materials that have been provided especially in border areas. Conclusion: This SWOT analysis also aims to cover the shortcomings in e-learning learning which requires the online system to do so in every region in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keyword Digitization, e-learning, border, SWOT analysis.

A practical guide to mechanistic systems modeling in biology using a logic-based approach

Mechanistic computational models enable the study of regulatory mechanisms implicated in various biological processes. These models provide a means to analyze the dynamics of the systems they describe, and to study and interrogate their properties, and provide insights about the emerging behavior of the system in the presence of single or combined perturbations. Aimed at those who are new to computational modeling, we present here a practical hands-on protocol breaking down the process of mechanistic modeling of biological systems in a succession of precise steps. The protocol provides a framework that includes defining the model scope, choosing validation criteria, selecting the appropriate modeling approach, constructing a model and simulating the model. To ensure broad accessibility of the protocol, we use a logical modeling framework, which presents a lower mathematical barrier of entry, and two easy-to-use and popular modeling software tools: Cell Collective and GINsim. The complete modeling workflow is applied to a well-studied and familiar biological process—the lac operon regulatory system. The protocol can be completed by users with little to no prior computational modeling experience approximately within 3 h.