Markets, Trust, and the Construction of Macro-Organizations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson ◽  
Ingrid Gustafsson ◽  
Kristina Tamm Hallström
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Certification Organizations ◽  
Buying In ◽  
The Way

How can buyers know what they are buying? In many markets this is no trivial problem, particularly for ambitious, contemporary consumers who care about the way a product has been produced and its effects on health or the physical environment. Buyers have little choice but to trust sellers’ descriptions of the origins and effects of the product, which, in turn, evokes the question of how the buyers can trust the sellers. We describe how the problem of trust has justified the production of new formal organizations, such as certification organizations, accreditation organizations, meta-organizations for the accreditation organizations, and meta-meta-organizations for these meta-organizations. In order to create trust in organizations at one level, a new level of organizations has been created for monitoring the lower level. We argue that such a ‘macro-organization’ is unlikely to represent a stable solution, but has inherent tendencies for further growth.

The Word Refreshed

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-374
Author(s):  
Jeremy Begbie
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
New Creation ◽  
The World ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Theological Language ◽  
The Way

This chapter takes its cue from the vision of music adumbrated by the previous three essayists: in which music is seen as depending on a ‘faith in an order of things that exceeds the logic of statement and counterstatement’, arising from an embodied dwelling in the world which is pre-conceptual, pre-theoretical. As such, music has the capacity to free us from the kind of alienating relation to our physical environment that an over-dependence on instrumental language brings, and free us for a more fruitful indwelling of it that has been largely lost to modernity. This resonates with broadly biblical-theological view of humanity’s intended relation to the cosmos, as exemplified in the concept of New Creation in Christ. This essay returns to language, considered in this light: how can music, and thinking about music, enrich language? Specifically, how might music facilitate a deeper understanding of the way ‘God-talk’ operates? It is argued that music can offer a powerful witness to the impossibility (and danger) of imagining we can grasp or circumscribe the divine (the antithesis of human freedom). More positively, it can greatly enrich our use (and understanding) of existing theological language, and generate fresh language that enables a more faithful perception of, and participation in the realities it engages.

scholarly journals Mobile gazing two-ways: Visual layering as an emerging mobile communication service

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Katz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Communication Service ◽  
Individual Privacy ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
The Way

The emerging era of mobile communication transcends the traditional privileging of text and voice to draw upon sensations of augmented reality, especially in terms of the visual domain. Thus one will be able to have new views of the local environment (mobile visual services). In terms of the former, the sense of sight is increasingly being brought to bear on the nexus of physical environment and digital information, yielding literally novel and unprecedented views. This article assesses examples of these services and the way they inter-mix previously separate domains, but also create new layers of monitoring of self and others. In particular, it notes conflicts at the levels of public policy and individual privacy and autonomy.

scholarly journals Identification of Housing Crisis in a Confined Settlement: A study of Mohammadpur Geneva Camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Masud Ur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
The Way

Urdu speaking people living in Geneva camp of Dhaka have become a marginally displaced community since 1971. Geneva camp is overcrowded as they have no chance of living outside of the camps because of their statelessness. The camp is a densely-populated settlement and have its own natural physical growth in terms of social and economic transformation day by day. This brings a lot of physical, socio-cultural and economic problems.  Geneva camp is a compact and confined living place for its inhabitants. For many of them it is also income generating place and thus source of their livelihood. It is important to identify the problems of this settlement to take further necessary actions to mitigate those. This study illustrates the housing problems in different domains in the Geneva camp with their attributes. Lack of spaces and other facilities in a low-income settlement have their impact on the way of overall livelihood of the inhabitants. The physical characteristics and other major factors that affect the physical environment of settlement are discussed in this paper.

Markets, Organizations, and Organization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Brunsson ◽  
Mats Jutterström
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Sharp Distinction ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
The Way

Formal organizations and markets constitute the basic forms of the economy. In social science a sharp distinction has usually been made between these forms, even treating them as opposites, and the study of them has been concentrated in different disciplines. We argue that such a perspective is rarely useful. Markets and organizations share at least one characteristic: they are both organized. We define market and organization and describe how markets and formal organizations are connected and similar in several respects. We present questions about the organization and reorganization of markets that will be discussed in the book, and the way we have used empirical examples in our analyses. Finally, we provide an overview of the rest of the book.

scholarly journals Motor constraints influence cultural evolution of rhythm

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1937) ◽  
pp. 20202001
Author(s):  
Helena Miton ◽  
Thomas Wolf ◽  
Cordula Vesper ◽  
Günther Knoblich ◽  
Dan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Learning Experiment ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Transmission Chain ◽  
Iterated Learning ◽  
The Way

While widely acknowledged in the cultural evolution literature, ecological factors—aspects of the physical environment that affect the way in which cultural productions evolve—have not been investigated experimentally. Here, we present an experimental investigation of this type of factor by using a transmission chain (iterated learning) experiment. We predicted that differences in the distance between identical tools (drums) and in the order in which they are to be used would cause the evolution of different rhythms. The evidence confirms our predictions and thus provides a proof of concept that ecological factors—here a motor constraint—can influence cultural productions and that their effects can be experimentally isolated and measured. One noteworthy finding is that ecological factors can on their own lead to more complex rhythms.

scholarly journals Delivering desistance-focused probation in community hubs: Five key ingredients

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-282
Author(s):  
Jake Phillips ◽  
Kathy Albertson ◽  
Beth Collinson ◽  
Andrew Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Way

This article argues that probation is well placed to facilitate desistance when delivered in community hubs – community-based offices where probation services are co-located with other community-based provision. However, we highlight that hubs need to include certain key factors to maximise the potential for desistance. Using data collected through a piece of empirical research in six community hubs in England and Wales, we identify what factors make for a ‘good’ community hub as perceived by staff who work in them, those subject to supervision via a hub, and managers with strategic responsibility for commissioning hub services. We consider what it is about those factors which facilitate desistance-focused practice as outlined in McNeill et al.’s (2012) eight principles of desistance-focused practice. The five key factors identified in this study are the location of a hub, the hub’s physical environment, the extent to which services are co-located/produced, the cultural context of the hub, and the need for leaders to be innovative in the way services are commissioned. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for the National Probation Service as it takes over the work of Community Rehabilitation Companies in the coming years.

The Folklore of the Perceived Environment in Bihar

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 945-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
G P Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Perceived Environment ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
The Way

The peasant farmers of Bihar have a collective store of traditional information relating to farming practices and the behaviour of the physical environment. This paper reports on a project undertaken to discover the kind of information they hold, the way in which it is stored, and the way in which it relates to the environment. The differing knowledge of four cultural groups—Bihari, Bengalis, Hos, and Santhalis—is investigated, and particular attention is paid to the time frameworks of their local calendars. The implications of this study for agricultural extension are reviewed.

Personal Cognitive Characteristics in Affordance Perception: The User Activity Case Study in a Building Lobby

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Kim ◽  
J. Y. Jeong ◽  
M. K. Kim ◽  
S. W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
User Activity ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
User Activities ◽  
The Way

User activities in performing tasks are influenced by the way the user perceives the related surrounding context and environment and determined with user judgment preferences. Physical environment structures afford user activities when these are perceived. Thus, this paper addresses how user activities and perceived affordances are different reflecting personal creativity modes, which are determined by factual-intuitive perception inclination and subjective-objective decision preferences as well as introverted-extroverted nature. To design-in various affordance features for diverse users in varying contexts, understanding on relations between user personal characteristics and affordance perception would be helpful. We conducted a case study in a public space — building lobby — used by many general people. User activities and behaviors were analyzed in several specific tasks given to twenty students in the lobby of a building they have never been to before. The tasks were devised so that various affordance features could be relevant while eliminating other factors affecting the affordance perception than those due to user personal characteristics. User activities can be classified into several different groups for each task based on affordance features involved in their activities. These user activity differences are then compared with their personal creativity modes. For user of less common activities for some tasks, relevant personal cognitive characteristics have been identified.

scholarly journals The Menarche Journey: Embodied Connections and Disconnections

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Niva Piran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Experiences ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Relational Networks ◽  
Developmental Theory Of Embodiment ◽  
Biological Event ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
The Way

Abstract In this chapter, Piran engages with girls at puberty through their narrated experiences of embodied connections to the physical and social world during menarche. Utilizing the theoretical frame of the Developmental Theory of Embodiment (Piran in Journeys of Embodiment at the Intersection of Body and Culture: The Developmental Theory of Embodiment, 2017), Piran focuses on experiences in three domains. First, she shows that girls’ temporary freedom of engagement in the physical territory alongside boys ends at menarche, compromising embodied joy, agency, and positive connection to the physical environment. Second, she examines how strongly enforced ‘femininity’-related discourses at menarche, which are further imposed by menstruation-related discourses, corset the way girls can inhabit their bodies. Third, Piran argues that menarche is a biological event that is associated with embodied demotion in social power and with disrupting relational networks. She concludes that positive embodiment at menarche depends on the availability of relational connections and norms that can counteract these adverse social experiences.

Human Environmental Requirements—A Basis for Developing Products in the Heating and Ventilating Industries

1974 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-497
Author(s):  
Harriet Ryd
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Way

The accelerating rate of energy consumption and increasing environmental damage appear at present to be two unavoidable consequences of measures taken in the course of development planning. One of the explanations for this is that the essential climatic function of a building development—that of modifying the natural climate so that it is favourable for man—is not borne in mind in all stages of the planning process. Hitherto, the effects of locating a polluting works on the regional climate have been disregarded. Little account has been taken of the way in which distributing green spaces and formulating town blocks affects the climate of urban areas. Insufficient attention is paid to the way in which the orientation and design of an individual building and the surrounding vegetation will influence the climate in the outdoor areas around the building. Sometimes, calculations are made of the changes between the outdoor and indoor heat climates that would occur as a result of the particular construction and material composition employed on the building, but these are used primarily as a means of defining the initial conditions for climatic control installations and not for determining the joint climatic properties of the building. Another explanation of this uneconomic climatic planning is that the aim of climatic modification has been incorrectly formulated. Hitherto, endeavours have been made to create an indoor climate that keeps the physical environment of man in a static condition. This condition has been termed the ‘comfort climate’. This has been defined as those values of the elements of the physical environment that deliver neutral information to the sensory organs. If one wishes to be controversial, one can say that the aim of climatic planning has been to create a ‘comfort climate’, which effectively prevents man from receiving stimulating information from his surroundings. More economical climatic planning calls for a definition of the ideal climate to suit the way in which people function. This paper discusses the need to define human environmental requirements as a basis for more conscious cooperation between planners, architects and engineers as well as a basis for developing products in the heating and ventilating industries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document