scholarly journals Delivering desistance-focused probation in community hubs: Five key ingredients

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-282
Author(s):  
Jake Phillips ◽  
Kathy Albertson ◽  
Beth Collinson ◽  
Andrew Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Way

This article argues that probation is well placed to facilitate desistance when delivered in community hubs – community-based offices where probation services are co-located with other community-based provision. However, we highlight that hubs need to include certain key factors to maximise the potential for desistance. Using data collected through a piece of empirical research in six community hubs in England and Wales, we identify what factors make for a ‘good’ community hub as perceived by staff who work in them, those subject to supervision via a hub, and managers with strategic responsibility for commissioning hub services. We consider what it is about those factors which facilitate desistance-focused practice as outlined in McNeill et al.’s (2012) eight principles of desistance-focused practice. The five key factors identified in this study are the location of a hub, the hub’s physical environment, the extent to which services are co-located/produced, the cultural context of the hub, and the need for leaders to be innovative in the way services are commissioned. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for the National Probation Service as it takes over the work of Community Rehabilitation Companies in the coming years.

Some Practical Implications for Policy and Practice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter explains the practical consequences of what has been proposed. It begins by evaluating current models and suggested approaches for incorporating public opinion into sentencing, explaining how the proposed changes would differ. It then sets out some practical reforms to sentencing in England and Wales, including greater coordination between the national regulation of sentencing discretion through the Sentencing Council and regional or community-based sentencing practices. Regional branches of the Sentencing Council are also advocated. In addition to further practical reforms, a greater role for the Sentencing Council in the ethical surveillance of sentencing, the development of new procedural rules, and enhanced training for judges and magistrates are proposed. Finally, a closer working relationship between the Sentencing Council, the courts, the CPS, defence lawyers, and the Probation Service is advocated to develop guidance clarifying their role within the new sentencing framework.

scholarly journals Probation practice in the information age

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Way

This article analyses the implications of the greater use of technology and information in probation practice. Using data generated via an ethnography of probation, the article firstly argues that probation in England and Wales now exists in what scholars would identify as ‘the information age’ (i.e. that computers and other technologies work to define and create probation practice as we know it). The article goes on to use actor-network theory to analyse two ‘heterogeneous networks’ to explore the way in which probation practitioners and the technologies they use interact to create particular forms of practice. The article argues that unless we understand the technology that underpins practice we cannot fully understand practice. Finally, the article considers the implications of this analysis for probation post-Transforming Rehabilitation (TR).

Understanding the privatisation of probation through the lens of Bourdieu’s field theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Jake Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs ◽  
The Way

This chapter contributes to the growing body of criminological work to use Bourdieu’s field theory to understand changes in policy and practice in criminal justice. The chapter uses the privatisation of probation services in England and Wales as a case study to argue that although probation practitioners vociferously opposed the reforms, their attempts to prevent them were always unlikely to succeed. This is because Transforming Rehabilitation needs to be understood as the culmination of a longstanding process of symbolic violence which resulted in the depreciation of relevant forms of capital amongst practitioners and their allies. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the reforms before turning to a discussion of Bourdieu’s field theory. I argue that because ‘capital’ links field and habitus – in that capital is the product of the way in which habitus and field are, or are not, attuned to one another – this is an important mechanism of field theory which has, hitherto, been neglected. I argue that as probation practitioners’ habitus has remained relatively stable over the last fifty years, the changing field led to a delegitimation of the forms of capital owned by practitioners which left them unable to mount a successful defence of a public probation service.

Is constructive practice still possible in a competitive environment? Findings from a case study of a community rehabilitation company in England and Wales

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lol Burke ◽  
Matthew Millings ◽  
Gwen Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Practice Environment ◽  
Ethnographic Case Study ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
Privately Financed

The Transforming Rehabilitation policy in England and Wales, involving the separation of the Probation Trusts into a publically National Probation Service (NPS) and 21 privately financed Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRC), was promoted as being an opportunity to stimulate innovation and develop new working practices within probation. Drawing on an ethnographic case study of the implementation of Transforming Rehabilitation the authors will consider some of the key challenges and opportunities for staff working in a Community Rehabilitation Company and what they might suggest in terms of the longer-term impact upon the working practices of probation staff as they move into a more competitively structured environment. Using Gorman et al’s (2006:21) assertion that constructive probation practice is ‘more artistic than technical, more creative than procedural, more collaborative than instrumental’, the authors explore what skills, qualities and values will be required in this new practice environment and whether or not it will lead to further deprofessionalisation?

scholarly journals Probation migration(s): Examining occupational culture in a turbulent field

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lol Burke ◽  
Matthew Millings ◽  
Gwen Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Occupational Culture ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Public ◽  
Turbulent Field ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
The Impact

In June 2014 approximately 54 per cent of the total probation service workforce in England and Wales were transferred to the newly created Community Rehabilitation Companies (CRCs) as part of the government’s plans to establish a market for offender management services. This marked the beginning of one of the largest and most significant migrations of criminal justice staff from the public to the private sector in England and Wales. This article presents findings from an ethnographic study of the formation of one of these CRCs through to the period immediately following the transfer into private ownership. The authors discuss the key features of this migration which are identified as ‘splitting and fracturing’, ‘adapting and forming’ and ‘exiting or accommodation’. It is contended that this development not only has significant implications for the future of probation services but also provides a unique example of the impact on an occupational culture of migration from the public to the private sector.

Critical Success Factors in Russian R&D Projects in the Real Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
V. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
The Real ◽  
Critical Success

The article discusses the concept of "success" in relation to innovative business and its performance. The quantity of innovative projects that can consistently overcome the stages of the innovation process to achieve the desired result is defined. The author presents the results of empirical research of successful and unsuccessful projects of leading Russian innovative companies in various industries, identifies key factors of successful development of new industrial products.

Openness and Self-enhancement are predictors of cultural and economic beliefs: an analysis of European countries across 15 years

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Czarnek ◽  
Małgorzata Kossowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Political Beliefs ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we investigate the relationship between values and political beliefs and how it varies as a function of cultural context and time. In particular, we analyzed the effects of Conservation vs. Openness to change and Self-transcendence vs. Self-enhancement for cultural and economic political beliefs using data from nationally representative samples of citizens from 34 European countries from eight rounds of the European Social Survey (data spans the 2002–2016 period). We found that the effects of values on political beliefs are moderated by the Western vs. Eastern cultural context and that there is a modest round-to-round variation in the effects of values on beliefs. The relationship between Openness and cultural beliefs was negative and largely consistent across the Western and Eastern countries. Similarly, the effects of Self-enhancement were positive across these Western and Eastern countries. In contrast, the effects of Openness on economic beliefs were positive for the Eastern countries but largely weak and inconsistent for the Western countries. Finally, the effects of Self-enhancement on cultural beliefs are weak for both cultural contexts.

A Community-based Addiction Rehabilitation Electronic System to Improve Recovery Outcomes in Patients with Drug Use Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe WANG ◽  
Shujuan CHEN ◽  
Junning CHEN ◽  
Chunfeng XU ◽  
Zhikang CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Drug Use Disorder

BACKGROUND Relapse is very common in patients with illicit drug use disorder and contributes to a series of bad consequences that substantially impact their physical and social functions. Due to the limited existence of effective addiction treatment, the majority of patients with drug use disorder could not access help when needing. Mobile health (mHealth) offers a potential solution to improving recovery outcome for patients in community. OBJECTIVE This paper is a protocol for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a smart phone application called community-based addiction rehabilitation electronic system (CAREs). This interactive system consists of an APP for clients and a webpage for service providers, with the aim of teaching clients craving and emergency coping skills and helping service providers to improve their work efficiency and effectiveness in community. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted. Sixty drug illicit users who are newly ordered to undergo community rehabilitation will be recruited from the community in Shanghai. Participants will be 1:1 randomly assigned to receive integrated community rehabilitation by using CAREs or only receiving routine community rehabilitation for 6 months. Corresponding anti-drug social workers will provide service and monitor their drug use behavior in accordance with the routine work-flow. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and in the 6th month. The primary study outcome is the performance on illicit drug urine test which will be carried on regularly twice per week during the study period. Secondary study outcomes include longest duration of sustained abstinence, days that participants interact with anti-drug social workers, and the decrease rate of addiction-related issues severity index. RESULTS Recruitment is currently underway with the aim of recruiting 60 subjects with drug use disorder. Recruitment will continue until the end of 2018. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known trial of a smartphone-based psychotherapy program for improving recovery outcomes in illicit drug users in community. The study provides evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of the "CAREs" system through comparing the results of the intervention group with the control group. This paper describes the design and methodology of the study. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03451344, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03451344

Cognitive Constraints on Learning to Read in Children with an Intellectual Disability Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelien van Wingerden ◽  
Arjan van Tilborg ◽  
Hans van Balkom
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
The Way

Learning to read is challenging for children who have hearing impairments and concurrent intellectual disabilities because they face barriers due to both conditions. In many developmental domains, including executive functioning and language development, auditory and intellectual disabilities mutually influence each other; a deficit in one domain hinders coping mechanisms to compensate for distortions in the other. The resulting impact is more than the sum of the parts. It affects the way students learn to read and the way they process written text in many ways. Little is known about the key factors in literacy development for children with both hearing impairments and intellectual disabilities. This chapter integrates recent findings on reading development in children with both of these conditions to define a research base for two exploratory studies on literacy attainment in these learners. Recommendations for literacy education are based on these studies.

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