Predictors of preventive behavior of nosocomial infections in nursing staff: a structural equation model based on the social cognitive theory

Background The occurrence of nosocomial infections remains a health threat to patients and hospital staff. This study applied social-cognitive theory for predicting determinants of nosocomial infections control behaviors in hospital nursing Staff. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 280 nurses and assistant nurses were selected by random sampling from intensive care wards including CCU, ICU, NICU, dialysis of educational hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2020. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale structural questionnaire based on social cognitive theory constructs. Using the structural equation modeling method, direct and indirect relationships of social cognitive factors on preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections were analyzed via AMOS 23.0. Results Our results showed that self-regulation, outcome expectations, and barrier constructs had a direct effect on behavior and the highest effect was related to self-regulation structure (p < 0.001). The constructs of social support, modeling, perceived environment and Task self-efficacy had an indirect effect on behavior and the most impact was related to the constructs of perceived environment (p < 0.05). Conclusion Considering that self-regulation, outcome expectation and barriers have a significant effect on following the preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections in nursing staff. It is suggested that policymakers and planners try to reduce barriers, strengthen behavioral motivation, and empower nursing staff by teaching self-regulatory strategies.

Association of perceived environment walkability with purposive and discursive walking for urban design strategies

The relationship between the built environment and walking behavior has been explored extensively. However, little research has been done to either differentiate between walking for transport and walking as activity or that applies urban design tools to walkability improvement based on environment-walking associations. Therefore, this study constructed perceived environment walkability factors to replace unidentified physical environments that varied among individuals and examined their associations with walking to a destination (purposive walking) and walking as activity (discursive walking), using factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Results suggest that residential density, land-use mix diversity, and pedestrian/traffic safety were associated with purposive walking while aesthetics and crime safety were associated with discursive walking. Land-use mix access and street connectivity were common correlates of both walking patterns. This study also explored how to apply urban design tools, including land-use plans, zoning control, and urban design guidelines, to shape a walkable environment based on the environment-walking associations.

Predictors of Preventive Behavior of Nosocomial Infections in Nursing Staff: A Structural Equation Model Based on the Social Cognitive Theory

Background: Despite improving the quality of health services and developing methods of infection prevention and control, the occurrence of nosocomial infections remains a health threat to patients and hospital staff. This study applied Social-Cognitive Theory for predicting determinants of Nosocomial Infections Control Behaviors in hospital nursing Staff.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 280 nurses and assistant nurses were selected by random sampling from intensive care wards including CCU, ICU, NICU, dialysis of educational hospitals in Mashhad, Iran in 2020. Data were collected using a 5-point Likert scale structural questionnaire based on social cognitive theory constructs and analyzed via AMOS 23.0 using Structural Equation modeling approach.Results: The results of the structural equation model showed that the constructs of barriers, perceived environment, outcome expectations, task self-efficacy, social support, and modeling were able to predict 70% of the variance of self-regulation construct. Also, the constructs of this social-cognitive model were eventually able to predict 15% of the variance of behavior construct. Self-regulation, outcome expectations, and barrier constructs had a direct effect on behavior and the highest effect was related to self-regulation structure (p<0.001). The constructs of social support, modeling, perceived environment and Task self-efficacy had an indirect effect on behavior and the most impact was related to the constructs of perceived environment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Considering that self-regulation, outcome expectation and barriers have a significant effect on following the preventive behaviors of nosocomial infections in nursing staff. It is suggested that policymakers and planners try to reduce barriers, strengthen behavioral motivation, and empower nursing staff by teaching self-regulatory strategies.

A Tram Ride You Would Talk About

As an artist and junior researcher for the project “Public Transport as Public Space,” my aim is to understand atmospheres on urban public transport and the ways in which they can be changed through performative public art practice. Indefinite yet powerful, atmospheres, which emerge in the relation between a perceived environment and perceiving bodies (Böhme 2017), can be created deliberately through aesthetic work and used as a tool for shaping certain experiences and behaviors in public space (Allen 2006). For instance, visually attractive public artworks permanently integrated into the public transport environment may create atmospheres of safety and comfort, navigating passengers through this regulated public space. On the other hand, on public transport, where unacquainted people must travel shoulder to shoulder, different atmospheres emerge not only through material modifications but also through unexpected encounters and events (Bissell 2010). In this sense, performative public art interventions can intentionally “drum up the ambience” (Thibaud 2015) and imbue the atmosphere of commutes with elements that are surprising and out of the ordinary. This paper outlines some of my art projects, which aim to carefully disrupt casual rides on public transport by creating moments of strangeness and humor.

Os estímulos do ambiente escolar para a prática de atividade física entre os adolescentes (Los estímulos del entorno escolar para la práctica de actividad física en adolescentes) (The stimuli of the school environment for the practice of physical activi

Resumo. Este estudo analisou e comparou os estímulos físicos, sociais e políticos do ambiente escolar para atividade física (AF) e a prática de AF dos adolescentes de ambos os sexos em duas escolas secundárias com programas de educação física (EF) distintos. Participaram quatro gestores e 624 adolescentes (326 rapazes), com idades entre 14 e 17 anos. Utilizou-se mixed methods, através de entrevistas com gestores, análise documental e questionários aplicados aos alunos. Foram avaliados: o ambiente físico, social e a política da escola para EF. Após as análises, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa quanto a prática de AF entre as escolas, sendo a maioria dos alunos insuficientemente ativos. Uma das escolas possuía condições mais favoráveis à AF em relação a outra, obtendo os melhores escores quanto ao ambiente percebido para AF, sendo a única diferença significativa observada. Conclui-se que as escolas não ofereceram estímulos suficientes para influenciar o comportamento ativo dos alunos. Resumen. Este estudio analizó y comparó los estímulos físicos, sociales y políticos del entorno escolar para la actividad física (AF) y la práctica de AF de adolescentes de ambos sexos en dos escuelas secundarias con diferentes programas de educación física (EF). Participaron cuatro directivos y 624 adolescentes (326 niños), con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 17 años. Se utilizaron métodos mixtos, a través de entrevistas con gerentes, análisis de documentos y cuestionarios aplicados a los estudiantes. Se evaluaron las políticas físicas, sociales y escolares para la educación física. Después de los análisis, se encontró que no había una diferencia significativa con respecto a la práctica de AF entre las escuelas, con la mayoría de los estudiantes siendo insuficientemente activos. Una de las escuelas tenía condiciones más favorables para la AF en comparación con la otra, obteniendo los mejores puntajes con respecto al entorno percibido para la AF, siendo la única diferencia significativa observada. Se concluyó que las escuelas no ofrecían suficientes estímulos para influir en el comportamiento activo de los estudiantes. Abstract. This study analyzed and compared the physical, social and political stimuli of the school environment for the physical activity (PA) and the practice of PA for adolescents of both sexes in two secondary schools with different physical education (PE) programs. Four managers and 624 adolescents (326 boys) participated, aged between 14 and 17 years. Mixed methods were used, through interviews with managers, document analysis and questionnaires applied to students. The physical, social and school policies for PE were evaluated. After the analysis, it was found that there was no significant difference regarding the practice of PA between schools, with the majority of students being insufficiently active. One of the schools had more favorable conditions for PA compared to the others, obtaining the best scores regarding the perceived environment for PA, the only significant difference being observed. It was concluded that schools did not offer enough stimuli to influence students' active behavior.