The Semantics and Pragmatics of Honorification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin McCready
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Expressive Content ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Theoretical Side

This book provides an approach to the semantics and pragmatics of honorifics and expressions with honorific import, treating them as carrying expressive content which contributes either directly or indirectly to a register corresponding to the current formality of the speech situation. This system is given empirical application to a wide range of honorific expressions including utterance and argument honorifics in Japanese, Thai and several other languages, and it is proposed that languages use distinct strategies for honorification which has implications for the grammaticality of certain combinations of honorifics; on the theoretical side, philosophical connections are drawn to a wider range of issues in theory of the construction of social reality, social meaning, and the expression of gender.

Honorification as social meaning

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-140
Author(s):  
Elin McCready
Keyword(s):  
Social Meaning ◽  
Expressive Content

This chapter concludes the book and discusses some outstanding issues, including the import of the discussion and analysis of the book for the theory of expressive content and for the place of honorifics in the theory of social meaning.

The Aims of Antisemitism

1984 ◽  
pp. 671-691
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Entity ◽  
Legal Controls

This chapter studies the aims of antisemitism as far as Jews were concerned. The French antisemites at the end of the nineteenth century proposed a wide range of solutions to the “Jewish question.” These ranged from full assimilation through various legal controls to expulsion and extermination. Both the first and the last would, by very different means, have destroyed the Jews as a social entity, while legal controls would have maintained them as a distinct but inferior group. Generally speaking, one could identify the former as characteristic of “modern” antisemitism, antagonistic towards or oblivious of Jewish social reality and actual distinctiveness, and the latter as characteristic of “traditional” antisemitism, which was conscious of both and prepared to recognize them on its own terms. The chapter then considers how far these solutions are to be seen as serious practical proposals, how far as ritual or rhetoric.

Price Discrimination using in-Store Merchandising

1996 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K. Dhar ◽  
Stephen J. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Decision Framework ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Price Discounts ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
Parameter Values

The authors compare the effectiveness of in-store coupons and straight off-the-shelf price discounts (bonus buys), in generating incremental sales and profits for the retailer. In five field tests, they find that, on average, in-store coupons lead to a 35% greater increase in the promoted brand's sales than bonus buys offering the same level of discount. Because redemption rates average 55%, in-store coupons produce a 108% greater increase in dollar profits than bonus buys. Both promotion vehicles have the same effect on the rest of the category, so coupons lead to higher overall category sales and profits. The authors develop a unified decision framework for a retailer maximizing category profits, that considers the trade-offs involved in using coupons and bonus buys in response to bill-back trade deals. Their empirical application in the ready-to-eat cereal category shows that the retailer passes through larger amounts of a trade deal when using in-store coupons. As a consequence, at the optimal discount level, unit category sales and dollar category profits are substantially higher with coupons. Robustness checks show that the findings hold over a wide range of parameter values and are, thus, generalizable.

Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Abrutyn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Pain ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Harm

AbstractThough anomie is one of sociology’s most unique conceptual contributions, its progenitor, Emile Durkheim, was notably ambiguous about its meaning. Consequently, its use in contemporary sociology has varied wildly. In part, the confusion surrounding anomie stems from Durkheim’s insistence that it iscausedbyderegulation, which has resisted operationalization. Nevertheless, careful consideration of the “four faces” of anomie most prominent in the sociological canon—that is, (1) the anomic division of labor, (2) anomic suicide, (3) Mertonian strain, and (4) the micro-level symbolic-cultural versions—reveals that disruption and disintegration, rather than deregulation, are the common threads woven through each. Drawing from this insight, a new theoretical conceptualization for anomie is offered that defines it as (a) a social psychological force operating at both the (b) individual- or “meso”/corporate unit-level of social reality that results from (c) chronic or acutedisruptionsthat, in turn, generate (d) real or imagined disintegrative pressures. Furthermore, disruptions are not only predicated on the real or imagined loss of social ties (dissolution), but also on the real or imagined loss of attachment to a coherent social reality (disjunction) and/or physical space (dislocation). This recalibration allows anomie to enter into deeper dialogue with a wide range of other phenomena that may in fact share some overlapping elements with anomie related to the pain of potentially losing cherished social relationships and the motivation toward self-harm, anti-socialandeven pro-social behaviors to escape this social pain.

scholarly journals Intonational sentence-type conventions for perlocutionary effects: An experimental investigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunwoo Jeong ◽  
Christopher Potts
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sentence Type ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Fundamental Assumption ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Open Issues

One of the major open issues in semantics and pragmatics concerns the role of convention in relating sentence types with illocutionary acts and perlocutionary effects. For the type-to-illocution connection, some degree of force conventionalism seems to be widely accepted. In contrast, Austin (1962) and many subsequent researchers have assumed that perlocution is not a matter of convention, but rather arises inexorably from illocution, content, and context. In this paper, we challenge this fundamental assumption about perlocution with evidence from a new perception experiment focused on perlocutionary effects relating to the listener’s conception of the speaker as a social actor. We find that these effects are predictable from sentence type plus intonation (‘type + tune’), that they vary by type + tune, and that they are consistent across a wide range of sentence contents, contexts, and illocutionary inferences. We argue that these conventions are naturally incorporated into existing work on sentence-type conventions.

Money Talks

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financing And Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Key Questions

The world of money is being transformed as households and organizations face changing economies, and new currencies and payment systems like Bitcoin and Apple Pay gain ground. What is money, and how do we make sense of it? This is the first book to offer a wide range of alternative and unexpected explanations of how social relations, emotions, moral concerns, and institutions shape how we create, mark, and use money. The book proposes fresh explanations for money's origins, uses, effects, and future. It explores five key questions: How do social relationships, emotions, and morals shape how people account for and use their money? How do corporations infuse social meaning into their financing and investment practices? What are the historical, political, and social foundations of currencies? When does money become contested, and are there things money shouldn't buy? What is the impact of the new twenty-first-century currencies on our social relations? At a time of growing concern over financial inequality, this book overturns conventional views about money by revealing its profound social potential.

INFORMATION DISTANCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING LI
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Plagiarism Detection ◽  
Music Classification ◽  
Information Distance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genome Phylogeny ◽  
Strict Requirement ◽  
Theoretical Developments ◽  
Theoretical Side

We have been developing a general theory of information distance and a paradigm of applying this theory to practical problems.[3, 19, 20] There are several problems associated with this theory. On the practical side, among other problems, the strict requirement of triangle inequality is unrealistic in some applications; on the theoretical side, the universality theorems for normalized information distances were only proved in a weak form. In this paper, we will introduce a complementary theory that resolves or avoids these problems. This article also serves as a brief expository summary for this area. We will tell the stories about how and why some of the concepts were introduced, recent theoretical developments and interesting applications. These applications include whole genome phylogeny, plagiarism detection, document comparison, music classification, language classification, fetal heart rate tracing, question answering, and a wide range of other data mining tasks.

scholarly journals Serbia and (anti)heroes

Sociologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera Pavicevic ◽  
Biljana Simeunovic-Patic
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Social

The paper considers a development and social meaning of social heroes, as well as the substance, functions and dichotomies of heroism, with particular view on those conditions in a social system that enable and facilitate a mutual approximation and symbolic and functional alternation of its diverse categories. The situation in Serbia during the last two decades was particularly the object of attention in an attempt to fortify the assumption that extreme turbulent processes inside the social space, followed by willing and substantial antisocial activity of certain favorably positioned groups, as well as by specific processing of social reality by those unfavorably positioned, "ordinary" people, make possible the conversion of classic antiheroes into social heroes.

scholarly journals Information and communication technologies and their impact on social security Social field study at the University of Baghdad

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-531
Author(s):  
M.M.Maryam Jabbar Rash
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The University ◽  
Theoretical Side

Attention to issues of community and information networks and social increased since the Internet form Vdhaih informational and success in establishing his groups, has become the Internet Btfaalath part of everyday life for many individuals, saluting exposed Iraqi family, many of the challenges of growing and dangers with Maishdh society of rapid shifts physical and intellectual changes coincide with the breadth the pace of globalization and openness to Western cultures, especially with the wide range of technological and communication revolution and the information that allowed ample room for the penetration of the effects of other cultures in the reality of Iraqi society, and in this regard this study provides an analysis of the extent of utilization of the Internet in the province of Baghdad and its impact on the social security of the Iraqi society has adopted the study on two foundations theoretical side and the side of the field to collect the necessary information and data required for the analyzes of the study has reached important results, as put forward a number of recommendations that can help to achieve positive and effective results

Walking as a Sacred Duty: Theological Transformation of Social Reality in Early Hasidism

1996 ◽  
pp. 180-207
Author(s):  
Elliot R. Wolfson
Keyword(s):  
Social Reality ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Attachment To God ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Demonic

This chapter presents some crucial aspects of the itinerant motif as it is developed in early hasidism. At the outset, two distinct typologies can be distinguished, although only the latter is rooted in teachings ascribed to the Besht. The first involves the use of the walking motif as a symbol for the spiritual progression through various grades, culminating ultimately in a state of devekut, cleaving or attachment to God. This usage is found in a wide range of authors including two of the most prominent followers of the Besht. One can distinguish between at least two models of cleaving to God in hasidic sources: (a) a vertical one, which entails the metaphor of ascent and descent, and (b) a horizontal one, which entails the metaphor of traversing from place to place. Hasidic writers used both models to delineate the individual's intimate relationship with God. The second typology, which is traceable to the Besht himself, or so one may gather from the hasidic sources, is decidedly soteriological in its orientation: it emphasizes two acts whose redemptive nature, from the kabbalistic perspective, is beyond question, namely the liberation of the sparks of light trapped in the demonic shells and the unification of the masculine and feminine aspects of the divine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document