Fiscal Outcomes in Bahrain

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-355
Author(s):  
Hoda El Enbaby ◽  
Hoda Selim
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
General Context ◽  
Budgetary Process ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Oil Rents ◽  
The Government ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Budget Execution

This chapter argues that political economy factors, rather than oil wealth, shape the budgetary process and outcomes in Bahrain. Fiscal volatility and excessive current spending (in the form of wages, social welfare, and subsidies) leading to unsustainable non-oil deficits are not fully derived from oil price volatility. Weak institutions, including those underlying the budgetary process, have contributed to some fiscal laxity. These have allowed rulers to use current spending as a channel for the redistribution of oil rents and to secure political stability and allegiance to the regime in a turbulent sociopolitical environment. The budgetary process has been undermined by the structure of the bicameral parliament, while the absence of restrictions on parliament to amend the budget weakens the position of the executive. In the general context of limited transparency and accountability, the government may also be exercising its discretionary powers over the budget execution but this cannot be known.

Information Management for Public Budget Decision Making

2012 ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Yaotai Lu ◽  
Khi V. Thai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The United States ◽  
Budgetary Process ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Performance Budgeting ◽  
Budget Decision ◽  
Program Budgeting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Budget Execution

Information is very important throughout the government budgetary process which consists of budget preparation, budget appropriations, budget execution, and auditing and evaluation. When their budgets are prepared, agencies need various sources of data including those related to all types of government revenues and expenditures, economic conditions, agency needs, and services to provide. In each phase of the budgetary process, data are needed for decision making concerning the amount of money to allocate, the programs to establish, outputs to measure, performance to evaluate, and goals and objectives to accomplish. In the United States, these data have been provided via various types of budgetary techniques, including line-item budgeting, program budgeting, planning-program budgeting systems, performance budgeting and zero-based budgeting.

scholarly journals Natural Resources and FDI in GCC Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mahjoub Elheddad
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Oil Rents

<p>Natural resources are a blessing for some countries to attract FDI but cursed for others. Existing literature argues the suggestion that resource-rich countries attract less FDI because of resource (oil) price volatility. This study examines that natural resources discourage FDI in GCC countries (the FDI-Natural resources curse hypothesis), using panel data analysis for six oil dependent countries during 1980-2013 and applying several econometrics techniques. The main findings of this paper is that natural resources measured by oil rents have a negative association with FDI inflows; this negative impact is robust even when other FDI determinates of FDI  are included. FDI inflows decreased between 0.15 and 0.92% when oil rents increased by 1%. In addition, the empirical results show that trade openness and labour force are the main factors that encourage FDI, while political instability and corruption deter FDI inflows into GCC countries.</p>

Management of the resource security of state needs: increase of efficiency based on the application of the proposed model-analytical tools

2019 ◽  
pp. 62-82
Author(s):  
S.N. Silvestrov ◽  
V.P. Bauer ◽  
E.A. Zvonova ◽  
V.V. Eremin
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Tools

Under the conditions of oil price volatility and increasing sanctions pressure, the problem of increasing the efficiency of the government of the Russian Federation becomes more urgent. One of the directions of its solution is to provide state needs with appropriate amounts of resources. For this, it is necessary to solve the task of managing the resource supply of state needs, which consists in a reasonable assessment of the amount of required resources and their delivery to consumers with minimal costs in the required time frame. The paper proposes the use of a dynamic model for solving this problem, which combines the algorithms of production functions, methods for optimizing the capacity utilization, as well as determining the profit generated by the processes being analyzed. The definition of the concept of “state needs” is analyzed, the stages of work of the mechanism for managing resources for state needs in the dynamic supply-consumption cycles of resources are described. In order to increase the efficiency of managing the provision of state needs with resources, the article proposed the use of the transportation task in conjunction with the EOQ model. The use of inter-sectoral balance has been proposed for determining the volumes of multiplicative effects generated by the processes of resource provision and having both positive and negative effects on these processes. The formation of a management mechanism based on minimizing the discontinuity of rationality, reducing the efficiency of the process of providing state needs with resources, is proposed. The models and methods considered in the article are combined into an algorithm for forming a general model for managing the provision of state needs with resources. The developed general model includes processes of both internal and external dynamics.

scholarly journals Oil Price Volatility and Business Cycles in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oziengbe Scott Aigheyisi
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Oil Price Volatility ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe effect of oil price volatility on the business cycle (measured as fluctuations in real GDP) in Nigeria is investigated, while controlling for effects of other variables such as inflation, exchange rate, money supply, trade openness and foreign direct investment. Volatility in real GDP and oil price is generated through the EGARCH process. The ARDL approach to cointegration and error correction modeling is employed for analysis of data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. The study finds positive and significant short-run effect of oil price volatility on real GDP volatility, and no significant long-run effect. The short-run and long-run effects of other variables on business cycle (real GDP volatility) in Nigeria are not statistically significant. This suggests that short-run fluctuations in real GDP are engendered mainly by oil price volatility. This could be attributed to the precarious dependence of the country on oil export. The paper recommends channeling of efforts by the government towards diversifying the productive base and exports of the country as measure to reduce volatility in the real GDP.

YOUTH POLICY IN MODERN RUSSIA. ABSENTEEISM AND POLITICAL PROTEST

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.I. AVTSINOVA ◽  
М.А. BURDA
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
Youth Organizations ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
High Level

The article analyzes the features of the current youth policy of the Russian Federation aimed at raising the political culture. Despite the current activities of the government institutions in the field under study, absenteeism, as well as the protest potential of the young people, remains at a fairly high level. In this regard, the government acknowledged the importance of forming a positive image of the state power in the eyes of young people and strengthen its influence in the sphere of forming loyal associations, which is not always positively perceived among the youth. The work focuses on the fact that raising the loyalty of youth organizations is one of the factors of political stability, both in case of internal turbulence and external influence. The authors also focus on the beneficiaries of youth protests. The authors paid special attention to the issue of forming political leadership among the youth and the absence of leaders expressing the opinions of young people in modern Russian politics. At the same time, youth protest as a social phenomenon lack class and in some cases ideological differences. The authors come to the conclusion that despite the steps taken by the government and political parties to involve Russian youth in the political agenda, the young people reject leaders of youth opinion imposed by the authorities, either cultivating nonparticipation in the electoral campagines or demonstrating latent protest voting.

Analyzing the roles of newspaper articles and tweets to help alleviate sudden physician absenteeism: case study of Takano Hospital in Fukushima in the long-term aftermath of the 2011 Japan’s triple disaster (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Yosuke Onoue ◽  
Anju Murayama ◽  
Taishi Tahara ◽  
Yuki Senoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Medical Doctor ◽  
Fund Raising ◽  
General Context ◽  
Social Media Networks ◽  
Chronological Change ◽  
The Government ◽  
Newspaper Articles

BACKGROUND Rural physician undersupply is a universal concern, leading to sudden physician absenteeism or unavailability on occasion. While media and social networking services may help mitigate these emergencies, information is lacking about their actual contribution in times of physician absenteeism. On December 30, 2016, the director and sole physician of Takano Hospital in Fukushima, Japan, died. The physician’s passing placed many hospitalized patients in danger. This sudden case of physician unavailability, named the Takano Hospital Crisis, provoked massive attention from the general public, in the media and on social media networks such as Twitter. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze newspaper articles, tweets and Twitter accounts relating to Takano Hospital Crisis. METHODS Newspaper articles and tweets were searched for keywords associated with Takano Hospital Crisis and its former director between October 2016 and June 2017. We first evaluated the chronological change in the number of articles and tweets, and the number of characters and relevant keywords in the articles. Then tweets and influencers who were popular on the Twitter platform from December 30, 2016 to February 28, 2017, were categorized. RESULTS We assessed 151 newspaper articles and 67,006 tweets. The results show that number of newspaper articles and tweets steeply increased and then diminished within the first month of the incident. The median number of characters in newspapers articles was 436 and the most frequent keyword was medical doctor. There were 753 original tweets that were retweeted more than four times from December 30, 2016 to February 28, 2017. Of these, 245 (32.5%) expressed concern. Notable influencers were journalists, news media outlets, and healthcare professionals that helped with fund raising and providing clinical service in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Twitter could temporarily function in cases of sudden physician absenteeism to attract volunteers and funding, however, this would not be a long-term solution. In a more general context, a long-term effort of supports from the hospitals themselves and the government will be required to manage the persistent state of physician absenteeism.

scholarly journals Hypothesizing directional causality between the governance indicators and economic growth: the case of Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Naim Azimi ◽  
Mohammad Musa Shafiq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The Government

AbstractThis paper examines the causal relationship between governance indicators and economic growth in Afghanistan. We use a set of quarterly time series data from 2003Q1 to 2018Q4 to test our hypothesis. Following Toda and Yamamoto’s (J Econom 66(1–2):225–250, 1995. 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01616-8) vector autoregressive model and the modified Wald test, our empirical results show a unidirectional causality between the government effectiveness, rule of law, and the economic growth. Our findings exhibit significant causal relationships running from economic growth to the eradication of corruption, the establishment of the rule of law, quality of regulatory measures, government effectiveness, and political stability. More interestingly, we support the significant multidimensional causality hypothesis among the governance indicators. Overall, our findings not only reveal causality between economic growth and governance indicators, but they also show interdependencies among the governance indicators.

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