Historical Strategies for Human Rights

2019 ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Micheline Ishay
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capacity For Change

Douglas A. Johnson’s and Kathryn Sikkink’s ‘Strategizing Human Rights: From Ideals to Practice’ rightly argues that the human rights community needs to show greater flexibility to make further inroads in politics. It is incontestable that human rights activists need a proper understanding of the social situation, as different contexts shape distinctive strategic operations. Johnson and Sikkink identify helpful tools of analysis (such as mapping the terrain, sustaining the capacity for change, mass dispersal versus mass concentration, the relevance of a spectrum of allies, non-violent tactics, etc.). But a list of items in the toolbox of a practitioner, if not employed with a thorough understanding of the social, economic, and historical context, can also produce negative results. With these lenses in mind, this comment develops further some of Johnson’s and Sikkink’s points while arguing or questioning other proposed tactics and strategies.

ON THE REGIME OF COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN RUSSIA AND ITS IMPACT UPON THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX, INCLUDING IN EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC SPHERES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Punanova ◽  
Mikhail Rodkin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The mode of development of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and the impact of the epidemic on the areas of scientific research, education and functioning of the fuel and energy complex are discussed. The official statistics revealed evidence both of effectivity of the taken anti-epidemic measures in Moscow and of possible cases of incorrectness of statistical data. The social situation and the mode of development of the epidemic in Moscow and in the regions of Russia are essentially different, that reduces the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures introduced uniformly throughout the whole country. The conditions of the pandemic and quarantine are difficult for everyone, but organizations and persons with a more modern informational character of production adapt to them more easily. In general, it can be suggested that the epidemic besides the very essential losses gives an important impulse for social-economic and political modernization of the society.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

The role of human rights organizations in empowering Iraqi women

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 514-543
Author(s):  
HIBA KAREEM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations ◽  
Human Rights Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iraqi Women ◽  
Political Dimensions

The issue of empowering women has been and still is the preoccupation of various humanitarian organizations, especially human rights organizations. Regarding the issue of human rights in Iraq, it is extremely difficult, because of the exceptional circumstances ordered by Iraq, which made it an arena for human rights violations. Vulnerable groups, they are more affected by the surrounding circumstances, such as violence, displacement, terrorism, displacement, widowhood, and others ... especially with regard to measures to empower women, because what women suffer in our society is a heap of discriminatory traditional culture against them and their lack of awareness of themselves and Their legitimate rights, in addition to weak government policies, and the lack of resources and opportunities, and herein lies the problem. The importance of the research stems from the importance of the role of women in society and the social, economic, health and political dimensions that this role represents, and the extent of its impact on the development process in Iraq. As for its objectives, it is to stand on the role of human rights organizations in empowering women in all social, economic, political and health fields, from which we have deduced most of them marginalization and discrimination on the basis of gender, and then we proposed some enabling measures, hoping through them to integrate women in all levels of development . Key words : role, organizations, human rights, empowerment, women .

scholarly journals The Challenge of Human Dignity in the Era of Autonomous Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Paola Inverardi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethics In Science ◽  
European Group

AbstractAutonomous systems make decisions independently or on behalf of the user. This will happen more and more in the future, with the widespread use of AI technologies in the fabric of the society that impacts on the social, economic, and political sphere. Automating services and processes inevitably impacts on the users’ prerogatives and puts at danger their autonomy and privacy. From a societal point of view, it is crucial to understand which is the space of autonomy that a system can exercise without compromising laws and human rights. Following the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies 2018 recommendation, the chapter addresses the problem of preserving the value of human dignity in the context of the digital society, understood as the recognition that a person is worthy of respect in her interaction with autonomous technologies. A person must be able to exercise control on information about herself and on the decisions that autonomous systems make on her behalf.

A Framework Convention on Global Health: Social Justice Lite, or a Light on Social Justice?

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Evan D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Main Thrust ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relations Of Power

A decade ago, Jonathan Mann made a powerful case that human rights could provide a vocabulary and mode of analysis for understanding and advancing health. He made the case well, and put the idea into inspired practice, but the idea was neither new nor his alone. The idea that social justice — and henceforth in this article we will use that term loosely (and with obvious imprecision) to embrace goods like human rights, social equality, and distributive justice — was intrinsically important to health resonated with the social epidemiology already gathering force (not to mention an enduring theme running through the history of public health work). That social structure and relations of power explain a great deal about the level and distribution of population health was implicit in the work of pioneers like Geoffrey Rose, evident in Marmot’s seminal Whitehall studies, explicit in the writings of Mervyn Susser, and the main thrust of scholars like Nancy Krieger and Meredeth Turshen. Although researchers tend to avoid using a term with such normative weight, it is safe to say that Mann — and Susser, and Marmot and Krieger among others — were right: social justice is central to the proper understanding of health.

scholarly journals The Legacy of Austerity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Zoë Irving
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capacity For Change ◽  
Spending Cuts ◽  
The Welfare State

In considering the impact of austerity, much attention has been focused on the immediate effects of public spending cuts and on documenting the resulting increase in hardship and unmet needs. However, in calculating the consequences of austerity for the welfare state, it is its enduring legacy that is equally important. This article examines the proposition that the indirect effects of austerity on social, economic and political relations are as significant for the welfare of future generations as the ‘decade of austerity’ has been for contemporary welfare. The analysis draws on the approach adopted by Paul Wilding (1992) reflecting on the 1980s as the ‘decade of Thatcherism’. Wilding’s ten legacies are recategorised across four dimensions: normalising a non-commitment to welfare, societal scarring, refuelling the race to the bottom and diminishing the political capacity for change. The conclusions suggest that austerity will abide in the social and political relations of welfare long after austerity measures have ceased.

scholarly journals Modernity and human rights: beyond a simple association

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (43) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Leno Francisco Danner
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Normative Model ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

Beginning with the Jürgen Habermas’ reconstruction of a normative model of European cultural modernity as basis to a contemporary notion of epistemological-moral universalism as condition to critic, to integration and to intervention, which leads to the affirmation that democracy and human rights represent the modernity’s fundamental legacy, I will discuss that such theoretical reconstruction only can be possible from a historical-sociological blindness which is based on the separation between a normative notion of European cultural modernity and the Realpolitik of colonialism – just from this theoretical-political standpoint it is possible to sustain a universalistic normative paradigm which is capable to ground the criticism, the integration and the intervention of all social-cultural contexts, which means that modern culture and normativism can serve as medium and guide of all particular cultures, at least in a strong way. Against that optimistic role of the Habermasian normative model of European cultural modernity, I will argue that democracy and human rights as modernity’s legacy have basically two tasks in the contemporary Realpolitik: first, to restrain the modernity’s totalizing tendency to rationalization and to globalization, i.e. its movement of assimilation of all cultures and societies in a model of epistemological, cultural and economic universalism; and to ground an international institutional politics based on the social-economic reparation for the colonialism, which implies in a universalistic extension of the social rights to all people in the world (for example, the Philippe van Parijs’ idea of basic income).

scholarly journals Category of Child Rearing in Family Law: A Cultural-Historical Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Safuanov ◽  
O.A. Rusakovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Family Law ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
Personality Features

The article focuses on the cultural-historical analysis of the category of child rearing in Russian family law. It shows how the objective (i.e. defined in customs, church constitutions and substantive law) side of the social situation of upbringing, representing a certain aspect of the social situation of development, has changed dramatically in the historical context. Perhaps, the most considerable changes occurred in the goals of upbringing: there is a clear shift from absolute obedience to taking into account the child’s interests and opinions in a whole range of issues concerning rearing and education. This shift creates conditions for proper development of the child’s inner position that reflects his/her proactive position towards the social reality. The paper provides a historical overview of parental responsibilities and the system of prohibitions in child rearing. It concludes that the subject of forensic inquiry in civil cases concerning post-separation parenting is the possible negative impact of personality features and mental state of parent on the development of child.

scholarly journals Trabajadora/e/s Sociales como sujetos políticos, una apuesta desde la reconceptualización latinoamericana

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Haider Esteban Bautista Joaqui ◽  
Joseph Vicent Castillo Niño
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Political Subject ◽  
Critical Social Work ◽  
The Social

El presente artículo pretende evidenciar algunas reflexiones sobre la necesidad del profesionalen Trabajo Social como sujeto político en la cotidianidad ante la arremetida del modelo neoliberal. El objetivo fue establecer la relación entre el movimiento de reconceptualización y la construcción de un/a trabajador/a social como sujeto político acorde a la cuestión social. Se empleó una revisión bibliográfica de carácter cualitativa en diversas bases de datos y mediante múltiples buscadores académicos. Se presenta el contexto socio-histórico del proceso de la reconceptualización en Latinoamérica. Sumada una búsqueda sobre las implicaciones de ser sujeto social y la comprensión de la cuestión social de cara a nuevas representaciones de la desigualdad social.  Luego, una articulación y reflexión de las categoríasseñaladas anteriormente dando un apartado de discusión donde son expuestos algunos argumentosque sustentan el objetivo central de la investigación. A manera de conclusión, se destaca la necesidadde ser sujeto político desde la formación y ejercicio profesional frente a las nuevas representacionesde la cuestión social en concordancia con la vigencia de los aportes realizados por el movimiento de lareconceptualización (1960-1970). Se finaliza la discusión con una invitación para ampliar y fortalecer el área de investigación como una apuesta ético-política This article aims to highlight some reflections on the need of the social worker as a political subject in all his professional actions, is a qualitative research, conducted under a documentary review in various databases and repositories, indexed books and journals, both nationally and internationally. It is divided into a review of the socio-historical context of the process of reconceptualization and its contributions to the construction of critical social work, a review of the importance and implications of being a social subject, the understanding of the social question emanating from a capitalist model that constantly generates inequalities and precarious living conditions for a large part of the world’s population, followed by an articulation and reflection of the categories outlined above, finally, conclusions are presented that point to the need to be a political subject from the training and professional practice as a response to the community and in accordance with the validity of the reconceptualization as an emancipating struggle for the social subjects that see afectted their integrity and the guarantee of their human rights, calling on him or the professional in Social Work, to be a participant in the processes he carries out and not seen as a third , oblivious to that reality, to conclude the invitation is extended to expand and strengthen the area of research as an ethical-political bet.

Promoting Social Justice Through Education in Public Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 517-530
Author(s):  
Robert S. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Master Of Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Health Rights ◽  
Public Health Practitioners ◽  
Future Work

This chapter explores how to promote social justice through education programs for students in schools of public health, medical school departments of community and preventive medicine, and elsewhere. It also examines how education can equip public health practitioners, researchers, and educators with a social justice perspective that will guide their future work. Two major developments provide crucial information and values for developing and implementing social justice curricula: human rights law and progress in developing analyses of the social determinants of health. This chapter covers principles of social justice, the integration of human rights with public health, and a historical context for the evolution of related developments. The chapter describes examples of the introduction of social justice into public health curricula. The chapter concludes with an agenda for action. A text box contains the International Declaration of Health Rights. A second text box describes the Simmons Master of Public Health in Health Equity program.

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