Orthodontics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Longridge ◽  
Pete Clarke ◽  
Raheel Aftab ◽  
Tariq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Removable Appliances

Orthodontics is ‘the specialty of dentistry concerned with growth of the face, the development of dentition, and the prevention and correction of occlusal anomalies. A malocclusion can be defined as ‘a deviation from the ideal that may be aesthetically or functionally unsatisfactory, with a wide range of occlusal traits’. Orthodontics is a constantly evolving specialty, with ever changing principles and techniques continuing to be developed. There has been huge progress in orthodontics in recent times, with changes in the types of brackets, archwire materials, and appliance systems (such as tem­porary anchorage devices and aligner technology). The key principles of orthodontics date back to 1899 when Edward Angle described ‘the key to a normal occlusion as the anteropos­terior relationship between the upper and lower first molars’. In 1972, Lawrence Andrews described ‘six keys to an ideal static occlusion’. This was the basis of early orthodontic treatment planning. Knowledge of craniofacial development and growth is required as a foundation for understanding the aetiology of a patient’s malocclusion, to reach a diagnosis, and to plan orthodontic treatment. A basic under­standing of the types of orthodontic appliances is beneficial (mainly fixed appliances, functional appliances, some use of removable appliances, and retainers). In addition to the management of a malocclusion, orthodontic treat­ment is often required in conjunction with other specialties, including oral and maxillofacial surgery, paediatric and restorative dentistry Key topics discussed in this chapter include: ● Fixed appliances ● Functional appliances ● Removable appliances ● Retention ● Index of treatment need ● Orthodontic assessment and diagnosis ● Cephalometric analysis ● Malocclusion ● Ectopic canines ● Dental anomalies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gargling with Aqueous Extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Oral Hygiene Status of Patients Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Munad Jihad Al duliamy
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Tooth Cleaning ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Background: During the course of fixed orthodontic therapy, it is difficult to maintain high standard oral hygiene care by mechanical tooth cleaning only. Therefore, mouthwashes are commonly used as adjunct for mechanical tooth cleaning. Most of the mouthwashes are chemicals and have a wide range of side effects. Plant extracts have stood the test of time as safe inexpensive and available remedy for providing general health care. Objective: The present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the oral hygiene status of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: Eleven male patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were recruited in the study. All patients were given the same oral hygiene regimen during the study period. Clinical evaluation of OPI (orthodontic plaque index) and salivary streptococcus mutans count were recorded at the first activation visit (three weeks after placement of the orthodontic appliances) which considered the baseline visit and after one week of gargling with the extract. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS (version 21) using Paired Samples t-test. Result: The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, there were highly significant reductions in both OPI and salivary streptococcus mutans count after one week gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Conclusion: The present finding concluded that, aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) could be use as a promising ingredient in manufacturing mouthwashs and other dental supplies that contribute in maintaining good oral hygiene during the course of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Integration of CAD/CAE/RP Environment for Developing a New Product in Medical Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1276-1282
Author(s):  
Nabeel I. Allawy ◽  
Amjad B. Abdulghafour
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Virtual Surgery ◽  
Multiple Fractures ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Mesh Model ◽  
The Face

Reconstruction of the mandible after severe trauma is one of the most difficult challenges facing oral and maxillofacial surgery. The mandible is an essential element in the appearance of the human face that gives the distinctive shape of the face, holds. This paper aims to propose a methodology that allows the surgeon to perform virtual surgery by investing engineering programs to place the implant by default and with high accuracy within the mandible based on the patient's medical data. The current study involved a 35-year-old man suffering from a traffic accident in the mandible with multiple fractures of the facial bones. Basically, an identification of the steps required to perform virtual surgery and modeling images from the CBCT technology has been done by using the software proposed in the research. The implant model is designed as a mesh model, allowing the patient to return to a normal position. Moreover, an application of FEA procedures using the Solidworks simulation software to test and verify the mechanical properties of the final transplant.

Chemical Reactions of Iodoform in the Study of Post-Extraction Alveolites

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2378-2381
Author(s):  
Cristian Budacu ◽  
Mihai Constantin ◽  
Iulia Chiscop ◽  
Carmen Gabriela Stelea ◽  
Raluca Dragomir
Keyword(s):  
Healing Process ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mucosal Regeneration ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

Post-operative alveolitis is a topical issue in dental practice, which is also reflected by the etiopathogenic aspects. The conservative principle requires the maintenance of dento-periodontal units in the arch for as long as possible, but there are situations where dental extraction is required. The healing process of the post-surgical wound is complex and involves processes of gingival mucosal regeneration and bone reshaping, involving several local factors: wound size, presence of infection, alveolar vascularization, intraalveolar foreign bodies, and general factors, especially general condition, age and body reactivity. The quality, structure, maintenance, and retraction of the clot are key factors in the formation of connective tissue during the healing of the post-extraction would. At the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Gala�i, during a 2-year period between January 2015 and December 30, 2016, 2780 patients that required surgery - dental extraction were consulted and diagnosed. We found that among those 2780 patients with dental extractions 105 (3.77%) had post-treatment alveolitis. No post-surgical alveolitis from the case study was complicated by osteomyelitis of the jaws or by suppurations of the superficial or deep compartments of the face. The prophylactic measures in each dental extraction, together with the correct and timely curative treatment, combined with the dentist�s competence and responsibility, can shorten the time of suffering, actively combating the risk factor and accelerating the social reintegration of the patient with post-treatment alveolitis.

scholarly journals Misdiagnosis and Mismanagement of an Infectious Impacted Canine: A Case Presentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Navabazam ◽  
Somayyeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Hadi Noori
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Tooth Impaction ◽  
Impacted Canine ◽  
The Face

: Tooth impaction is defined as a partial or complete eruption of a tooth regarding the eruption time. Hereby, we present an infectious canine in a 38-year-old man that primarily presented with chest pain and dyspnea. After two days, he demonstrated a painful swelling and erythema of the face, severe perspiration, nasal congestion, and pleural effusion. The patient was diagnosed with acute bronchitis, mucormycosis, and nasal septum abscess, leading to unnecessary antibiotic therapy and lack of treatment response. After oral and maxillofacial surgery consultation, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an impacted and infectious canine that was surgically extracted. Due to lack of desired response to treatment, he underwent CBCT after oral and maxillofacial surgery consultation. An impacted and infectious canine was detected, which was surgically extracted. Three days later, his symptoms significantly improved, and he was discharged with a stable general condition.

scholarly journals Normal torque of the buccal surface of mandibular teeth and its relationship with bracket positioning: a study in normal occlusion

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Antonio Mestriner ◽  
Carla Enoki ◽  
José Nelson Mucha
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Vertical Shift ◽  
Mandibular Tooth ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Bracket Positioning ◽  
Mandibular Incisors

This study evaluated the degree of buccolingual inclination of mandibular tooth crowns relative to torque. For such purpose, mandibular and maxillary stone casts from 31 Caucasian Brazilian adults with normal occlusion, pleasant facial aspect and no history of previous orthodontic treatment were examined. A custom device was developed for measuring the degree of inclination (torque) of bracket slots of orthodontic appliances relative to the occlusion plane, at three bonding height: standard (center of clinical crown), occlusal (0.5 mm occlusally from standard) and cervical (0.5 mm cervically from standard). Except for the mandibular incisors, which presented a small difference in torque from one another (lingual root torque for central incisors and buccal root torque for lateral incisors), the remaining average values are close to those found in the literature. Due to the convexity of the buccal surface, the 1-mm vertical shift of the brackets from occlusal to cervical affected the values corresponding to the normal torque, in approximately 2 degrees in central and lateral incisors, 3 degrees in canines and 8 degrees in premolars and molars.

scholarly journals Utility of Photodynamic Therapy in Dentistry: Current Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Anette Stájer ◽  
Szilvia Kajári ◽  
Márió Gajdács ◽  
Aima Musah-Eroje ◽  
Zoltán Baráth
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range

The significant growth in scientific and technological advancements within the field of dentistry has resulted in a wide range of novel treatment modalities for dentists to use. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging, non-invasive treatment method, involving photosensitizers, light of a specific wavelength and the generation of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate unwanted eukaryotic cells (e.g., malignancies in the oral cavity) or pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this review article is to summarize the history, general concepts, advantages and disadvantages of PDT and to provide examples for current indications of PDT in various subspecialties of dentistry (oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine, endodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontology and implantology), in addition to presenting some images from our own experiences about the clinical success with PDT.

Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Dentistry and Oral Surgery: Introduction and Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Feigin ◽  
Bonnie Shope
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
And Function

Platelet concentrates, mostly represented by platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, have gained significant interest in various medical and oral disciplines because of their potential to stimulate and boost regeneration of hard and soft tissues. Prepared from the patient’s own blood, they have been tested and used in various different surgical fields including oral and maxillofacial surgery. The effects of these biomaterials are described to be a result of the large concentration of platelets which contain a wide range of growth factors. The aim of this article is to introduce the principle and function of these platelet concentrates, to review their preparation, and to provide a comprehensive examination of the published oral and maxillofacial literature on this subject.

Temporomandibular joint disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 475-483
Author(s):  
Timothy Collins
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Poor General Health ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
The Face

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is prone to a number of disease states involving any one of its anatomical components. The current favoured term for problems associated with the TMJ is ‘temporomandibular disorder’ (TMD). TMD is one of the most common orofacial pain conditions. Patients will present to GPs and general dental practitioners as well as directly to accident and emergency, typically for referral to Oral and maxillofacial surgery, due to either significant acute pain or chronic pain that can no longer be tolerated. Common features of TMD include pain in the face and preauricular area, restricted jaw movement, and noise from the TMJs during jaw movements. TMD can coincide with poor general health, psychological co-morbidities such as depression and often affects quality of life.

scholarly journals Pain, masticatory performance and swallowing threshold in orthodontic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Porto Trein ◽  
Karina Santos Mundstock ◽  
Leonardo Maciel ◽  
Jaqueline Rachor ◽  
Gustavo Hauber Gameiro
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Threshold Test ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Median Particle ◽  
Fixed Appliances ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Individual Capacity

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess pain, masticatory performance and swallowing threshold of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Ten patients of both genders (mean age of 17.25 ± 5.21 years), with complete permanent dentition, who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were evaluated. The masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold were assessed by patient's individual capacity of fragmenting an artificial test food (Optocal) which was chewed and had the resulting particles processed by a standardized sieving method, presenting the median particle size (MPS) of crushed units. The intensity of pain / discomfort during chewing was evaluated by means of a visual analog scale. All tests were performed at the following times: T0 - before activating the orthodontic appliance; T1 - 24 hours after activation, and T2 - 30 days after activation. RESULTS: The results showed a significant increase in pain at T1 (T0 - 0.60 ± 0.70 mm; T1 - 66.2 ± 34.5 mm), returning to baseline values at T2 (3.20 ± 3.82 mm). Masticatory performance was also reduced in T1 (MPS 10.15 ± 1.1 mm²) in comparison to T0 (MPS 7.01 ± 2.9 mm²) and T2 (MPS 6.76 ± 1.3 mm²). However, particle size was not affected in the swallowing threshold test (T0 - 5.47 ± 2.37 mm²; T1 - 6.19 ± 2.05 mm²; T2 - 5.94 ± 2.36 mm²). CONCLUSION: The orthodontic appliances did not interfere in the size of the particles that would be swallowed, even in the presence of pain.

scholarly journals Penilaian tingkat keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik dengan piranti lepasan berdasarkan indeks PAR Assessment of success rate of orthodontic treatment using removable appliance based on PAR index

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Muh. Irwansyah ◽  
Eka Erwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Removable Appliance ◽  
Removable Appliances ◽  
Removable Orthodontic Appliances

The success of orthodontic treatment, particularly with removable orthodontic appliances not only relies on theexpertise of the clinician, but also highly depends on the patient's own. It is necessary to know the extent of thesuccess rate of an orthodontic treatment. Assessment of malocclusion severity and treatment outcome has become avery popular object of research conducted by the PAR index. This study aims to determine the success rate oforthodontic treatment with removable appliances based on PAR Index. The research was carried out on March-May2011 with samples of patients dental models who had completed orthodontic treatment in the year 2008-2011 at theDepartment of Ortodonsia RSGMP UNHAS. Sixty six pairs of dental models fulfilled the inclusion criteria and therules of PAR Index. Percentage change in PAR score obtained by 35% in the assessment with no weighted and 36%was assessment by weighted. This results showed the level of orthodontic treatment success include into thecategory of "no change", but with a trend into the category of "a change "with a significant value ρ = 0.000 (ρ <0.05). It was concluded that there was occlusion improvements in orthodontic treatment with removable appliance,although very low and therefore need evaluation and improvement of governance maintenance carried out.

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