Personality, Celebrity, and Modernism’s ‘Impossible Interviews’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Roach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
New Age ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Little Magazines ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of an emergent promotional culture on interviews in the early years of the twentieth century. Enthusiastically adopted by self-help proponents, who encouraged ‘instrumental’ reading habits, and by Hollywood fan magazines, which emphasized the interview’s ties to spectatorship and visuality, the interview became a means of promoting surface-based reading. Meanwhile, most modernist writers (Djuna Barnes excepted) and little magazines such as Close Up and The New Age reacted negatively to interviews; where they did use them, they favoured the ‘impersonal’ interview, a version that expunges the subject’s body and personality in favour of immaterial ideas and impersonality. The poetics of impersonality that T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound so enthusiastically promote becomes, in this reading, as much a reaction against the culture that popularized this new visually oriented form of interviewing as against a Romantic cult of the author.

Modernist Dante

2021 ◽  
pp. 633-650
Author(s):  
Daniela Caselli
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
First Century ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Dorothy Richardson ◽  
Anglophone Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This chapter traces a history of Dante’s reception in anglophone literature between the 1870s and the 1950s. It acknowledges his importance in Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot, and James Joyce, but engages more closely with Samuel Beckett, Djuna Barnes, and Virginia Woolf. It shows that the modernist Dante that emerges from these authors’ work is both a formal and political one: recruited as an anti-authoritarian voice from the past and seen anew from feminist and queer perspectives, this is not a twenty-first century Dante forced against his will to virtue-signal, however; on the contrary, this is a Dante anachronistically familiar with key ‘vices’ of twentieth-century authors, readers and commentators. Focusing on sullenness, resistance, and fatigue, the chapter argues for a new understanding of modernist experiments with Dante’s political and formal complexity that refuse to use him as a ‘code or a weapon […] to crush someone’, as Dorothy Richardson put it.

scholarly journals Bolshevism, Stalinism, and Social Welfare (1917–1936)

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorena Caroli
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the main characteristics of the reform of the Soviet social security system in the 1920s and the early years of Stalinism. It uses an interdisciplinary approach to examine the development of the system from many angles: the beneficiaries, the political debates, and the methods used to finance it. The reforms introduced during this period show that the Soviet welfare system depended almost entirely on economic progress; in 1927, the only state-funded provision was for disabled war veterans. Hence, the welfare system was quite specific: it was used as a tool to promote the industrialization of the country, favouring the workers at the expense of the disabled and unemployed, who were forced to fall back on various self-help strategies, some legal, some illegal. The disabled and unemployed constituted the main social problem of the 1920s. Social legislation between 1931 and 1932, under the shadow of the impact which the Great Depression was having on Soviet society, progressively excluded the disabled and unemployed from the welfare system. Thus the USSR attempted to solve the unemployment problem by means of social exclusion.

Botched Executions and the Struggle to End Capital Punishment: A Twentieth-Century Story

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 694-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Sarat ◽  
Katherine Blumstein ◽  
Aubrey Jones ◽  
Heather Richard ◽  
Madeline Sprung-Keyser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Why have accounts of botched executions not played a larger role in the struggle to end capital punishment in the United States? In the twentieth century, when methods of execution became increasingly controlled and sterilized, botched executions would seem to have had real abolitionist potential. This article examines newspaper coverage of botched executions to determine and describe the way they were presented to the public and why they have contributed little to the abolitionist cause. Although botched executions reveal pain, violence, and inhumanity associated with state killing, newspaper coverage of these events neutralizes the impact of that revelation. Throughout the last century, newspapers presented botched executions as misfortunes rather than injustices. We identify three distinct modes by which newspaper coverage neutralized the impact of botched executions and presented them as misfortunes rather than as systemic injustices: (1) the dual narratives of sensationalism and recuperation in the early years of the twentieth century, (2) the decline of sensationalism and the rise of “professionalism” in the middle of the century, and (3) the emphasis on “balanced” reporting toward the end of the century.

scholarly journals Choralo mokykla (The School of Plainchant) by Teodoras Brazys within the Context of International Studies on Gregorian Chant in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Menotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Vilimas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gregorian Chant ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
European Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History And Theory

Among the books on the history and theory of music written in Lithuania in the past, there are some works that have made a significant impact on the development of the Lithuanian musical culture and which, however, are quite forgotten nowadays. One of these is the handbook of Gregorian chant Choralo mokykla (The School of Plainchant) by Teodoras Brazys (1870–1930), the renowned Lithuanian priest, composer, and musicologist of the first half of the twentieth century. The handbook was published in 1926, in the early years of the restored Republic of Lithuania. However, it could still be considered as the best written methodological aid in this field. The article deals with the circumstances and the motives of writing this handbook, along with a discussion of the European context of the movement for restoration and promulgation of Gregorian chant, especially after the pontificate of Pius X and his notable motu proprio Tra le sollecitudini. It also analyses the impact of the authors that Brazys mentions himself and the works and methods used by them. In addition, the article examines the level of originality of the handbook and attempts to trace the books and handbooks that made the biggest impact on Brazys and his work.

Acmeism, Post-symbolism, and Henri Bergson

Slavic Review ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Rusinko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
International Scope ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Ezra Pound once remarked that “the history of English poetic glory is a history of successful steals from the French.“ To a certain degree, the same can be said of Russian poetry, particularly at the turn of the twentieth century, when the process of literary development paid little attention to national boundaries. The Acmeists, for example, owe many of their aesthetic and stylistic principles to French poets of at least three chronological periods: the medieval troubadours, the Parnassians, and, most obviously, the Symbolists. French influence did not cease with Baudelaire and Verlaine, however. The impact of the next generation of French poets was also felt in Russia, and the parallels between French Post-symbolism and Russian Acmeism are significant. Whereas Symbolism has long been acknowledged as a world-wide artistic phenomenon, the international scope of the movement which succeeded it has received little attention. In fact, Post-symbolism was also a movement of international proportions. In the first decades of the twentieth century, British and Russian poets looked to their contemporary French counterparts as a source of innovation and manifested their influence in two parallel independent movements — Anglo-American Imagism and Russian Acmeism. In exploring the transmission of French influence to Russia in the early twentieth century and the French sources of Acmeism, I hope to establish a basis for a comprehensive study of Post-symbolist poetry and for a more complete understanding of Acmeism.

Soundless Screams: Graffiti and Drawings in the Prisons of the Holy Office in Palermo

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-215
Author(s):  
Giovanna Fiume
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
North Africa ◽  
International Community ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Spanish Inquisition ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Impact

The discovery of graffiti in the early years of the twentieth century by the folklorist Giuseppe Pitré left by prisoners of the tribunal of the Spanish Inquisition in Palermo has been followed by more extensive investigations in recent years. These images and words have added a concrete and particular dimension to Sicily’s position at the crossroads of the Mediterranean. As well as images of saints and naval battles are to be found inscriptions not only in Italian, Sicilian and Latin but also in English and Hebrew. This article cross references this visual and textual evidence with the relevant archives of the tribunal in order to provide a powerful microhistory of suffering and resilience in this most inhospitable of environments. The result adds a new dimension to our understanding of the prison’s organization, judicial proceedings and the impact of the inquisition on the lives and consciences of those people from all over Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, who found themselves unwilling denizens of what must have been perhaps the most international community of prisoners in the early modern Christian world.

A new age

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
New Technology ◽  
New Age ◽  
New Journalism ◽  
Newspaper Industry ◽  
Female Journalists ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

This chapter surveys the media and journalistic landscape of early twentieth century Ireland. It examines the main national, provincial, and periodical titles, and what journalistic life was like as new technology and social developments prompted growth in the newspaper industry. It examines the impact that the new journalism had in Ireland, particularly how it prompted lobby groups to campaign against what were referred to as objectionable publications. It also examines the work environment and routines of journalists, the role of female journalists, early attempts to professionalise journalism through the establishment of the Association of Irish Journalists, and debates about the education of journalists.

Deus est Homo

Aries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-42
Author(s):  
Henrik Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Age ◽  
Comparative Religion ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Aleister Crowley ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite the centrality of the concept of God in Christian theology and Western philosophy for over two millennia, little attention has been given the concept of God in twentieth-century occultism in general, and in the writings of Aleister Crowley (1875–1947) in particular. In this article it is argued that Crowley’s multifaceted and sometimes conflicting approaches to God, are dependent on five main factors: (1) his childhood experiences of Christianity in the form of the Plymouth Brethren, (2) the impact of Empirical Scepticism and Comparative Religion, (3) the emanationist concept of God that he encountered through his membership in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, (4) the revelation of The Book of the Law and the claim of being a Prophet, The Great Beast 666, of a New Age, and finally (5) solar-phallicism as expressed through the Ordo Templi Orientis. These apparently contradictory strands in Crowley’s biography and intellectual armoury are in fact interlinked, and it is by studying them together that it is possible to identify the concept of God in Crowley’s magical writings.

Anglo-French Poetic Exchanges in the Little Magazines, 1908–1914

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-366
Author(s):  
Sze Wah Sarah Lee
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
New Age ◽  
World War ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Little Magazines ◽  
Guillaume Apollinaire ◽  
French Poetry

This article demonstrates the extent and significance of exchange between English and French poets in the years leading up to World War I, a crucial period for the development of modern Anglophone poetry. Through archival research, I trace the growing interest in French poetry of Imagist poets F. S. Flint, Ezra Pound and Richard Aldington, exhibited in various little magazines including the New Age, Poetry Review, Poetry and Drama, Poetry, the New Freewoman and the Egoist. Moreover, I show that such interest was reciprocated by contemporary French poets, notably Henri-Martin Barzun and Guillaume Apollinaire, who published works by English poets in their respective little magazines Poème et Drame and Les Soirées de Paris. This suggests that not only were modern English poets influenced by their French counterparts, but they were also given a voice in the Francophone artistic world, resulting in a unique moment of cross-channel poetic exchange before the war.

scholarly journals Pragmatisms and Logical Empiricisms: Response to Misak and Klein

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Uebel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Early Years ◽  
American Pragmatism ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper responds to the generous comments by Alexander Klein and Cheryl Misak on my “American Pragmatism and the Vienna Circle: The Early Years”. First, besides offering some clarification of my original thesis, I argue that Jerusalem was not liable to the anti-Spencerian criticisms by James that Klein adduces in the course of defending James against the charge of psychologism. Then I investigate the impact of Wittgenstein’s Ramsey-derived pragmatism, importantly foregrounded by Misak, on the Vienna Circle and argue that it was mainly limited to Schlick but not recognized as pragmatist, also leaving unaffected the impact of James’s pragmatism on Frank, Hahn and Neurath specified in my original paper. That said, Klein’s and Misak’s comments add significantly to our understanding of long-neglected transatlantic philosophical connections in the early twentieth century.</p><p> </p>

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