scholarly journals Choralo mokykla (The School of Plainchant) by Teodoras Brazys within the Context of International Studies on Gregorian Chant in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Menotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Vilimas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gregorian Chant ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
European Context ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History And Theory

Among the books on the history and theory of music written in Lithuania in the past, there are some works that have made a significant impact on the development of the Lithuanian musical culture and which, however, are quite forgotten nowadays. One of these is the handbook of Gregorian chant Choralo mokykla (The School of Plainchant) by Teodoras Brazys (1870–1930), the renowned Lithuanian priest, composer, and musicologist of the first half of the twentieth century. The handbook was published in 1926, in the early years of the restored Republic of Lithuania. However, it could still be considered as the best written methodological aid in this field. The article deals with the circumstances and the motives of writing this handbook, along with a discussion of the European context of the movement for restoration and promulgation of Gregorian chant, especially after the pontificate of Pius X and his notable motu proprio Tra le sollecitudini. It also analyses the impact of the authors that Brazys mentions himself and the works and methods used by them. In addition, the article examines the level of originality of the handbook and attempts to trace the books and handbooks that made the biggest impact on Brazys and his work.

scholarly journals The Foucault Effect in Organization Studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Raffnsøe ◽  
Andrea Mennicken ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organizational Scholarship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Since the establishment of Organization Studies in 1980, Michel Foucault’s oeuvre has had a remarkable and continuing influence on its field. This article traces the different ways in which organizational scholars have engaged with Foucault’s writings over the past thirty years or so. We identify four overlapping waves of influence. Drawing on Foucault’s Discipline and Punish, the first wave focused on the impact of discipline, and techniques of surveillance and subjugation, on organizational practices and power relations. Part of a much wider ‘linguistic’ turn in the second half of the twentieth century, the second wave led to a focus on discourses as intermediaries that condition ways of viewing and acting. This wave drew mainly on Foucault’s early writings on language and discourse. The third wave was inspired by Foucault’s seminal lectures on governmentality towards the end of the 1970s. Here, an important body of international research investigating governmental technologies operating on subjects as free persons in sites such as education, accounting, medicine and psychiatry emerged. The fourth and last wave arose out of a critical engagement with earlier Foucauldian organizational scholarship and sought to develop a more positive conception of subjectivity. This wave draws in particular on Foucault’s work on asceticism and techniques of the self towards the end of his life. Drawing on Deleuze and Butler, the article conceives the Foucault effect in organization studies as an immanent cause and a performative effect. We argue for the need to move beyond the tired dichotomies between discipline and autonomy, compliance and resistance, power and freedom that, at least to some extent, still hamper organization studies. We seek to overcome such dichotomies by further pursuing newly emerging lines of Foucauldian research that investigate processes of organizing, calculating and economizing characterized by a differential structuring of freedom, performative and indirect agency.

scholarly journals Diversity and Perceptions of Immigration: How the Past Influences the Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 003232172092277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren McLaren ◽  
Anja Neundorf ◽  
Ian Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
British Sample ◽  
The Impact

The question of whether high immigration produces anti-immigration hostility has vexed researchers across multiple disciplines for decades. And yet, understanding this relationship is crucial for countries dependant on immigrant labour but concerned about its impact on social cohesion. Absent from most of this research are theories about the impact of early-years socialisation conditions on contemporary attitudes. Using the British sample of the European Social Survey (2002–2017) and two innovative approaches to modelling generational differences – generalised additive models and hierarchical age‒period‒cohort models – this paper shows that rather than producing hostility to immigration, being socialised in a context of high immigrant-origin diversity is likely to result in more positive attitudes to immigration later in life. This implies that through generational replacement, countries like the UK are likely to become increasingly tolerant of immigration over time. Importantly, however, a context of high-income inequality may diminish this effect.

Populism and Nationalism: a Comment on D.A. Low's “The Advent of Populism in Buganda”

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd A. Fallers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
African Politics ◽  
African Society ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Boundaries

Anthony Low is surely right in urging students of modern African politics to probe deeper into African society and culture than they have been accustomed to do. In part because of the speed with which political events have unfolded during the past decade – making it difficult enough just to keep up with day-to-day events – and in part because of the disjunction between traditional socio-cultural groupings and modern political boundaries – making it easy to believe that the former are irrelevant to the latter – much recent writing on African affairs, even when “well informed”, has been exceedingly superficial. Low's work on Buganda, including especially his sensitive study of Ganda-British relations during the early years of the Protectorate, stands as an admirable exception. Both in the earlier studies and in his present analysis of populism, twentieth-century Baganda are shown to act in ways, and out of sentiments, that are understandably related both to contemporary circumstances and to the Ganda past.

Botched Executions and the Struggle to End Capital Punishment: A Twentieth-Century Story

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 694-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Sarat ◽  
Katherine Blumstein ◽  
Aubrey Jones ◽  
Heather Richard ◽  
Madeline Sprung-Keyser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Why have accounts of botched executions not played a larger role in the struggle to end capital punishment in the United States? In the twentieth century, when methods of execution became increasingly controlled and sterilized, botched executions would seem to have had real abolitionist potential. This article examines newspaper coverage of botched executions to determine and describe the way they were presented to the public and why they have contributed little to the abolitionist cause. Although botched executions reveal pain, violence, and inhumanity associated with state killing, newspaper coverage of these events neutralizes the impact of that revelation. Throughout the last century, newspapers presented botched executions as misfortunes rather than injustices. We identify three distinct modes by which newspaper coverage neutralized the impact of botched executions and presented them as misfortunes rather than as systemic injustices: (1) the dual narratives of sensationalism and recuperation in the early years of the twentieth century, (2) the decline of sensationalism and the rise of “professionalism” in the middle of the century, and (3) the emphasis on “balanced” reporting toward the end of the century.

Diplomas

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bovens ◽  
Anchrit Wille
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Critical Juncture ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Life sometimes imitates art. Written in the 1950s as science fiction, Michael Young’s The rise of the meritocracy has turned out to be surprisingly realistic in hindsight. Many Western European countries underwent major educational transformations in the second half of the past century, which have strongly enhanced the meritocratic nature of society. First, we describe the relationship between education and meritocracy and how we classify educational levels. Second, we describe how the enormous educational expansion in the second half of the twentieth century has constituted a critical juncture for the rise of new social and political divides. The chapter documents how the number of well-educated citizens has risen spectacularly in the past decades, and it explores competing claims with respect to the impact of this educational revolution.

The Ages of a Woman and the Middle Ages

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Women Poets ◽  
Old Irish ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Austin Clarke ◽  
Francois Villon ◽  
The Impact

This essay springs from the experience of translating the Old Irish ‘Song of the Woman of Beare’, and from researching its reception in the twentieth century. The poem was rediscovered in the 1890s and the scholarly reaction is tinged with Victorian preoccupations, including the bohemian cult of François Villon. In Ireland it is aligned with Pearse's ‘Mise Éire’, and with the work of later poets such as Austin Clarke. But as well as voicing the ancient text, the Woman of Beare appears in folklore in both Ireland and Scotland, and there are interesting parallels and divergences between the traditions of scholarship and the figure in the popular imagination. My account of the impact of both text and myth shows a development through the mid-twentieth century and into the twenty-first, in the work of poets writing in both Irish and English. In recent decades the work of women poets has engaged with the myths of the Cailleach as Goddess, and they have thus confronted questions of the legitimacy of treating the past, and especially mythology and folk beliefs, as a source for poetry. I believe it would be foolish for a poet who has the knowledge and critical intelligence to do it properly to ignore such a resource.

scholarly journals Researching Music in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Aleš Nagode
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Past

The article observes distortions of the historiographical narrative about the musical culture of Slovenia in the past, caused by specific circumstances of the formation of the Slovenian nation and the dominance of nationalism. It also outlines the strategies applied by Slovenian musicology since the second half of the twentieth century to escape the grip of nationalistic ideology.

scholarly journals Creating Transcriptions and Adaptations for Viola in Kazakhstan: Retrospection, Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizhan S. Bekenova ◽  
◽  
Gulnar B. Abdirakhman ◽  
Diana Ye. Mahmood ◽  
Arita B. Baisakalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
History And Theory

Starting from the past century, viola began to draw much interest of musicians, performers and musicologists, as it gradually acquired a new role of a solo instrument. Although these days more compositions appear written especially for this instrument, the independent role of viola was always accompanied more with transcriptions and adaptations of works composed for other related instruments, mostly violin, cello, etc. This article looks into the history and perspectives of making transcriptions for the viola in the Kazakh musical culture. The study also involves the analysis of Kazakh viola schools with a focus on their founders. Questions of the history and theory of viola transcriptions are still waiting for detailed scientific understanding. The work of musicians who successfully applied to transcriptions and adaptations in their practice and formed the technology of this creative process has not been sufficiently studied. It requires more in?depth study and can be used as a practical guide for the work of other musicians. This determines the relevance of this article.

To Cut or Not to Cut

The Long Take ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Koepnick
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Art Cinema ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
The Past ◽  
Expanded Cinema ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
History And Theory

Chapter 1: traces the history and theory of the long take in twentieth-century art cinema to make a case who and why twenty-first century moving image practice differs from the past and its concepts; shows how contemporary long take practice absorbs the recalibrates the dual legacies of expanded cinema and art cinema of the 1960s, and how it asks to rethink our concept of art cinema today, and why its study neither belongs to film scholars nor art critics alone today

Personality, Celebrity, and Modernism’s ‘Impossible Interviews’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Roach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
New Age ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Djuna Barnes ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Little Magazines ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines the impact of an emergent promotional culture on interviews in the early years of the twentieth century. Enthusiastically adopted by self-help proponents, who encouraged ‘instrumental’ reading habits, and by Hollywood fan magazines, which emphasized the interview’s ties to spectatorship and visuality, the interview became a means of promoting surface-based reading. Meanwhile, most modernist writers (Djuna Barnes excepted) and little magazines such as Close Up and The New Age reacted negatively to interviews; where they did use them, they favoured the ‘impersonal’ interview, a version that expunges the subject’s body and personality in favour of immaterial ideas and impersonality. The poetics of impersonality that T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pound so enthusiastically promote becomes, in this reading, as much a reaction against the culture that popularized this new visually oriented form of interviewing as against a Romantic cult of the author.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document