Hybrid Hymns

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Alexander Regier
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Songs Of Innocence

This chapter uncovers the multilingual aspects of the literary genre of the British hymn by looking at the surprisingly polyglot, Anglo-German influences on its formation and their impact during the eighteenth century. Once we read across languages, we realize that a great part of what we think of as typically British hymns are, in fact, translations from the German, composed by the Moravians. Many of their hymns are exorbitant in their use of erotic Christianity, a topic that is also important to Blake and Hamann. The hymn is a hybrid, something that is reflected directly in the bilingual hymnbooks, so far neglected by scholarship. The chapter provides a fresh reading of Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience across languages that attends to these multilingual and comparative echoes that have not been noticed before.

The Rediscovery of the Inner Life: From Spinoza to Kant

2005 ◽  
pp. 273-298
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Apparent Depth ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Philosophical Work ◽  
Historical Tradition

This chapter considers stages of growing intelligence, and even of growing spiritual knowledge, marked by an inevitable and lamentable decline in apparent depth and vitality of spiritual experience. In such stages, the greatest concerns of our lives are somehow for a while hidden, even forgotten. We become more knowing, more clever, more critical, more wary, more skeptical, but we seemingly do not grow more profound or more reverent. Such a stage in human experience is represented, in great part, by the philosophical thinkers who flourished between the time of Spinoza's death, in 1677 and the appearance of Kant's chief philosophical work, “The Critique of Pure Reason” in 1781. It is the period which has been especially associated, in historical tradition, with the eighteenth century.

“The Great Part of It Was Stolen”

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Gary L. Steward
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
American Revolution ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyzes the justification of political resistance provided to the founding generation by Boston Congregationalist minister Jonathan Mayhew. Mayhew’s arguments made in 1750 influenced John Adams and a number who were active participants in the American Revolution. The source and context of Mayhew’s arguments is considered, first in light of eighteenth-century discussions in Britain, and then in light of the Protestant theological tradition. This chapter argues that Mayhew’s thought on the question of political resistance did not deviate from his inherited Protestant tradition. It is best understood as a renewed assertion of views found commonly within Reformed Protestantism, going back to at least the sixteenth century. Although Mayhew embraced unorthodox theology in other areas, he shared his views on political resistance with a number of more conservative clergymen who were united in their long-standing opposition to the claims of the Stuart absolutists.

Allegories of Encounter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Newman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
New England ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Captivity Narratives ◽  
Mary Rowlandson ◽  
Literacy Events ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Written Word

This book analyzes representations of reading, writing, and recollecting texts – “literacy events” – in early America’s best-known literary genre. Captivity narratives reveal how colonial captives treasured the written word in order to distinguish themselves from their native captors and to affiliate with their distant cultural communities. Their narratives suggest that Indians recognized this value, sometimes with benevolence: repeatedly, they presented colonists with books. In this way and others, scriptures, saintly lives, and even Shakespeare were introduced into the diverse experiences of colonial captivity. Captivity narratives reflect lived allegories, the identification of one’s own unfolding story with the stories of others. Sources include the foundational New England narratives of Mary Rowlandson and John Williams, the French Jesuit accounts of the colonial saints Isaac Jogues and Kateri Tekakwitha, the Anglo-African John Marrant’s account of his sojourn in Cherokee territory, and the narratives of Colonel James Smith and other captives in the Great Lakes region during the late eighteenth century.

scholarly journals EL DIARIO PERSONAL EN FRANCIA A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XXI: INFLEXIONES DE UN GÉNERO LITERARIO

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Michel BRAUD
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen: Aparecido en Francia a finales del siglo XVIII en el ámbitoprivado, el diario personal se impone progresivamente en el curso delos siglos XIX y XX como un género literario para conocer diversasmutaciones a finales del siglo XX. La banalización del género, al principiodel siglo XXI, se acompaña de nuevas inflexiones que se identificarán apartir de tres ejemplos. Abstract: Appeared in France at the end of the eighteenth century as aprivate form, the diary progressively became a literary genre during the nineteenth and twentieth century, and underwent various mutations at the end of the twentieth century. The trivialization of the genre at the beginning of the 21st Century is accompanied by new inflections that will be identified on the basis of three examples.

scholarly journals Pleas for Respectability: Eighteenth-Century Women Writers Theorizing the Novel

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Amelia Precup
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Novel ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century

Abstract The emergence and development of the modern novel used to be viewed as a largely masculine affair. However, over the past few decades, researchers and scholars have started to re-evaluate and acknowledge the importance of women’s literary and theoretical work to the rise and evolution of the genre. This article adds to these revisionist efforts by contributing to the ongoing discussion on the theoretical legacy left by some of the most notable British women writers of the long eighteenth century. The article analyses several texts (prefaces, dedications, dialogues, essays, reviews) in which they expressed their perspectives on questions situated at the core of the eighteenth-century debates concerning the novel. The critical and theoretical perspectives advanced by these writers are approached as contributions to the novel’s status as a respectable literary genre and, implicitly, as self-legitimizing efforts.

Genealogy of the Tragic

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Billings
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Why did Greek tragedy and “the tragic” come to be seen as essential to conceptions of modernity? And how has this belief affected modern understandings of Greek drama? This book answers these and related questions by tracing the emergence of the modern theory of the tragic, which was first developed around 1800 by thinkers associated with German Idealism. The book argues that the idea of the tragic arose in response to a new consciousness of history in the late eighteenth century, which spurred theorists to see Greek tragedy as both a unique, historically remote form and a timeless literary genre full of meaning for the present. The book offers a new interpretation of the theories of Schiller, Schelling, Hegel, Hölderlin, and others, as mediations between these historicizing and universalizing impulses, and shows the roots of their approaches in earlier discussions of Greek tragedy in Germany, France, and England. By examining eighteenth-century readings of tragedy and the interactions between idealist thinkers in detail, the book offers the most comprehensive historical account of the tragic to date, as well as the fullest explanation of why and how the idea was used to make sense of modernity. It argues that idealist theories remain fundamental to contemporary interpretations of Greek tragedy, and calls for a renewed engagement with philosophical questions in criticism of tragedy.

Milton in Portuguese

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélio J. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Paradise Lost ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Literary Politics ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Long Poems

This chapter surveys all printed Portuguese translations of Paradise Lost. The translational journey begins in the late eighteenth century, at a time when epic poetry was still the literary genre that, most of all, represented and identified a nation, and blank verse had become, once more, a major means of poetic imitation and expression in Portuguese. The translational journey from neoclassical standards to Portuguese and Brazilian Romanticism through its last instantiation in 2014 courses through the various attempts at translating Paradise Lost and the influence of such attempts on the development of later literature, especially long poems. This chapter examines questions raised by Portuguese translators and their collaborators about epic poetry, blank verse, and the closely linked issues of religion, literary politics, and art.

The Government and Church Patronage in England, 1660-1760

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Hirschberg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Government ◽  
Georgian England ◽  
Political Groups

In the last twenty years we have seen a revolution in the study of later Stuart and early Georgian England. Spurred in great part by Robert Walcott's brave attempt to apply Namierian methods and assumptions to the early eighteenth century, a squadron of able historians has attacked the sociopolitical history of the period, and has given us what might be called a neo-Whig interpretation. Such scholars as Geoffrey Holmes, William Speck, John Western, and recently B.W. Hill and J.P. Kenyon have sifted through the historiographical detritus and discovered that there is much to be saved from the older interpretations.Most importantly, the new scholarship on the period 1660-1760 has reemphasized a vital political factionalism, whether it be called party strife or merely shifting ideological alliances. English social and political groups apparently stood in a fragile equilibrium at best, rather than in a solid Namierian consensus. Even J.H. Plumb has noted the pressures brought to bear on relatively weak post-Revolution central governments by influential sociopolitical interest groups, pressures that restricted severely the available options for policy and power. E.P Thompson would go farther to claim that factionalism (mainly that of an elite against the rest of society) was so ingrained that only by using repressive means was Sir Robert Walpole's government able to stay in the saddle. Even if some would disagree with Hill's contention that there was always an effective Tory opposition, few deny that debate on issues that were deemed basic—including the form of government, of social organization, and of thought—continued far beyond 1688 or even 1714.

Spectres of Europe: Europe's Past, Present, and Future

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Bialasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
To Come ◽  
Geographical Imaginations

Since the late eighteenth century, the division of Europe into ‘East’ and ‘West’ bespoke not only a particular geography but also a particular temporal divide. Over the past two decades, a number of leading European thinkers have attempted to trace the ‘geo-philosophy’ of the European idea focusing on the idea of Europe as a civitas futura. This article discusses changing understandings of Europe in (and through) time, focusing on how different understandings of Europe's relation to its past, present, and future have been reflected in radically different visions for European geopolitics. After considering the myth of the Habsburg Empire, it looks at Europe after the Iraq war. The article then argues that contemporary visions of Europe's role in the world (in particular, the geographical imaginations of Europe's presumed ‘spaces of responsibility’) are inescapably bound up with certain historical shadows, but also rely in great part on distinct ‘spectres’ of a future to come.

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