Hierarchy and the Value of Outcomes

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-111
Author(s):  
Shelly Kagan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Begging The Question ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Equal Consideration ◽  
Priority View

Acceptable versions of distributive principles will take status into account, so that an animal at a given level of well-being will, by virtue of its lower status, have a correspondingly weaker distributive claim than would a person at the same level of well-being. This chapter sketches some promising ways of modifying the various distributive principles, making them sensitive to differences in status. The details remain uncertain, however, as the author illustrates by pointing out some problems for the modified version of the priority view. Turning to the question of whether the very value of well-being itself (that is, the contribution it makes to the overall goodness of an outcome) should also depend on status, the author answers in the affirmative. Surprisingly, an appeal to the principle of equal consideration of interests cannot be used to reject this view, on pain of begging the question.

scholarly journals Subjective Social Class and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Class Consistency and Identity Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bek Wuay Tang ◽  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Relative Benefit ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Subjective Social Class

Drawing on a recent perspective that inconsistent class identities can negatively impact psychological outcomes, the current research explored if the relative benefit of higher subjective social class for life satisfaction would differ depending on whether it is consistent with one’s objective social class. In Study 1, across two independent samples from Singapore (N = 1045) and the US (N = 492), higher subjective social class predicted higher life satisfaction more strongly among those high in objective social class, but less strongly among those low in objective social class. In Study 2, these patterns were replicated in another large US sample (N = 1030), and appeared to be driven by lower status-based identity uncertainty (SBIU) linked to higher subjective social class perceptions among high objective social class participants. The role of class-identity perceptions in explaining social class disparities in subjective well-being is discussed.

The dark side of the pressure exerted by loyalty programs on consumers: Practical and ethical issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginie Pez ◽  
Raphaëlle Butori ◽  
Aïda Mimouni-Chaabane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Program Characteristics ◽  
Perceived Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Despite its virtuous effect on consumption level and frequency of purchase, the pressure that loyalty programs exert on consumers can also be detrimental to their psychological well-being. Through three studies ( N = 461), we show that perceived pressure increases feelings of regret and discomfort in the relationship, and decreases consumer well-being. The perceived value of the program positively moderates these effects. We also evaluate the impact of three program characteristics likely to generate pressure: the points expiration deadline, the points threshold to obtain the benefit, and possible demotion to a lower status. Only demotion to a lower status appears to exert significant pressure. Our findings highlight the trade-off that managers need to find between the quantitative performance of their loyalty programs and their impact on customers’ well-being.

Developing a Comprehensive Wellness Program for Medical Students

2017 ◽  
pp. 190-208
Author(s):  
LaTanya Love ◽  
Dana McDowelle
Keyword(s):  
Medical Student ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
Wellness Program ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Academic Factors ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Equal Consideration

This chapter addresses the various components that go into the development of a comprehensive wellness programme. Medical school can be a difficult time for students and some will experience an increase in burnout, stress, and anxiety that can lead to less empathetic physicians, decline in professionalism, and ultimately impact the quality of healthcare. Increased stress, burnout, and anxiety can lead to less empathetic doctors, decline in professionalism, and ultimately impact the quality of healthcare. One way to address these issues is through the development of a comprehensive wellness programme that addresses both academic and non-academic contributing factors. Prior to the development of a comprehensive wellness programme one must identify key stakeholders and assess the factors that are contributing to medical student well-being. Equal consideration must be given to both academic and non-academic factors that contribute to overall student well-being and incorporated into the design of a comprehensive wellness programme.

The Status–Health Paradox: Organizational Context, Stress Exposure, and Well-being in the Legal Profession

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Koltai ◽  
Scott Schieman ◽  
Ronit Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Paradox

Prior research evaluates the health effects of higher status attainment by analyzing highly similar individuals whose circumstances differ after some experience a “status boost.” Advancing that research, we assess health differences across organizational contexts among two national samples of lawyers who were admitted to the bar in the same year in their respective countries. We find that higher-status lawyers in large firms report more depression than lower-status lawyers, poorer health in the American survey, and no health advantage in Canada. Adjusting for income exacerbates these patterns—were it not for their higher incomes, large-firm lawyers would have a greater health disadvantage. Last, we identify two stressors in the legal profession, overwork and work–life conflict, that are more prevalent in the private sector and increase with firm size. Adjusting for these stressors explains well-being differences across organizational contexts. This study documents the role of countervailing mechanisms in health inequality research.

Equality, Priority, and Time

Utilitas ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klemens Kappel
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
Good Lives ◽  
Priority View ◽  
Rule Out

The lifetime equality view (the view that it is good if people's lives on the whole are equally worth living) has recently been met with the objection that it does not rule out simultaneous inequality: two persons may lead equally good lives on the whole and yet there may at any time be great differences in their level of well-being. And simultaneous inequality, it is held, ought to be a concern of egalitarians. The paper discusses this and related objections to the lifetime equality view. It is argued that rather than leading to a revision of the lifetime equality view, these objections, if taken seriously, should make us account for our egalitarian concerns in terms of the priority view rather than the equality view. The priority view claims that there is a greater moral value to benefiting the worse off. Several versions of the priority view are also distinguished.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Communication Training ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dynamic Systems Theory ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document