Liver disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-258
Author(s):  
Thomas Marjot
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Curriculum Topics

This chapter covers core curriculum topics relating to liver disorders including the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the liver as it relates to disease processes. There is a focus on the investigation and management of acute hepatitis including viral, drug- and toxin-induced, and the risk stratification of patients with acute liver failure. All major chronic liver diseases are discussed including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, alcohol related liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. There is also education on managing the complications of cirrhosis including renal dysfunction, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal haemorrhage, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Additional important topics covered include nutrition in liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation indications and assessment, and complications following liver transplantation. Additional curriculum material regarding liver disorders will also be covered in the mock examination chapter.

scholarly journals Management of chronic hepatitis B before and after liver transplantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wang ◽  
K Agarwal ◽  
D Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Persistent infection may evolve to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatitis B-related liver disease is a common indication for liver transplantation. Patients with advanced liver disease should be treated with antiviral therapy which may result in clinical improvement. The management of patients after liver transplant then focuses on preventing hepatitis B recurrence in the graft. With the introduction of prophylactic treatment, patient and graft survival has improved significantly. In this review, we will discuss the management of patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis, both compensated and decompensated. We also review the management of hepatitis B after liver transplantation.

scholarly journals Genetic and Life Style Risk Factors for Recurrent Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Following Liver Transplantation

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranta Iacob ◽  
Susanne Beckebaum ◽  
Razvan Iacob ◽  
Cristian Gheorghe ◽  
Vito Cicinnati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Recurrent Nash ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Recurrent or de novo non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) following liver transplantation (LT) is a frequent event being increasingly recognized over the last decade, but the influence of recurrent NASH on graft and patient outcomes is not yet established. Taking into consideration the long term survival of liver transplanted patients and long term complications with associated morbidity and mortality, it is important to define and minimize risk factors for recurrent NAFLD/NASH. Metabolic syndrome, obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus are life style risk factors that can be potentially modified by various interventions and thus, decrease the risk of recurrent NAFLD/NASH. On the other hand, genetic factors like recipient and/or donor PNPLA3, TM6SF2, GCKR, MBOAT7 or ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms proved to be risk factors for recurrent NASH. Personalized interventions to influence the different metabolic disorders occurring after LT in order to minimize the risks, as well as genetic screening of donors and recipients should be performed pre-LT in order to achieve diagnosis and treatment as early as possible.

scholarly journals Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Where Do We Stand?

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Francesco Paolo Russo ◽  
Alberto Zanetto ◽  
Elisa Pinto ◽  
Sara Battistella ◽  
Barbara Penzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Virological Suppression ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Related Liver Disease ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related death. Although the burden of alcohol- and NASH-related HCC is growing, chronic viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) remains a major cause of HCC development worldwide. The pathophysiology of viral-related HCC includes liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and deregulation of cell signaling pathways. HBV is particularly oncogenic because, contrary to HCV, integrates in the cell DNA and persists despite virological suppression by nucleotide analogues. Surveillance by six-month ultrasound is recommended in patients with cirrhosis and in “high-risk” patients with chronic HBV infection. Antiviral therapy reduces the risks of development and recurrence of HCC; however, patients with advanced chronic liver disease remain at risk of HCC despite virological suppression/cure and should therefore continue surveillance. Multiple scores have been developed in patients with chronic hepatitis B to predict the risk of HCC development and may be used to stratify individual patient’s risk. In patients with HCV-related liver disease who achieve sustained virological response by direct acting antivirals, there is a strong need for markers/scores to predict long-term risk of HCC. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances regarding viral-related HCC.

Complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Marks ◽  
Marcus Harbord
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Architectural Distortion ◽  
Bacterial Peritonitis ◽  
Complications Of Cirrhosis

Causes and diagnosis of cirrhosis Causes and diagnosis of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension Ascites Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Hepatorenal syndrome Variceal haemorrhage Hepatic encephalopathy Hepatopulmonary syndromes Hepatocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis occurs following progressive hepatic fibrosis, with architectural distortion of the liver and nodule formation. It is a histological diagnosis. Late-stage cirrhosis is irreversible, at which point only liver transplantation is curative. Early-stage cirrhosis has been shown to improve following treatment and may be asymptomatic....

scholarly journals Tacrolimus exposure after liver transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease: Impact on complications

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 101227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck-Nicolas Bardou ◽  
Olivier Guillaud ◽  
Domitille Erard-Poinsot ◽  
Christine Chambon-Augoyard ◽  
Elsa Thimonier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Disease Impact ◽  
Related Liver Disease

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in alcohol-induced liver disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (36) ◽  
pp. 4104-4118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge-Luis Torres ◽  
Ignacio Novo-Veleiro ◽  
Laura Manzanedo ◽  
Lucía Alvela-Suárez ◽  
Ronald Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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